血小板活化与冠心病关系的研究进展

病理性血小板活化与血栓性疾病密切相关,在心血管疾病中,这一病理生理过程不仅与冠心病的发生、发展有着非常重要的联系,而且对于该病的治疗策略的优化和近、远期预后等方面都有直接的影响。     

一氧化氮与卵巢生理

NO是一种结构简单的气体,是脊椎动物体内已发现的分子量最小的生物活性分子。NO作为一种信使分子,生物作用广泛,在生殖系统发挥重要作用。本文着重介绍NO作为卵巢内重要的调节因子,在调节卵泡发育、卵母细胞成熟、排卵、黄体的形成与退化、激素合成等方面的研究进展。     

PDCA循环在临床急救药品管理中的运用

目的探讨人流术室内空气中单位时间氧化亚氮的变化及对人的影响。方法对80例行人流手术患者在手术前、术者持续工作60min、术者持续工作70min和通风30min分别采样80、40、40、80份，并进行不同时段比较。结果手术70min 92．5％样本N2P释放量〉0.15mg／m^3，与手术前、手术60min及通风30min比较，差异有显著性意义（均P〈0.01）。结论氧化亚氮在无痛人流术操作过程中，时间〉60min会引起人体不适，需采取通风换气的措施，才能使空气净化。     

椎间盘内破裂症的诊断和经椎间孔腰椎间融合术的手术治疗

[目的]探讨椎间盘造影对诊断椎间盘内破裂症的意义和经椎间孔腰椎间融合治疗盘内破裂症的效果。[方法]对25例下腰痛的患者进行椎间盘造影术，诊断椎间盘内破裂症20例，其中18例接受经椎间孔腰椎间融合术。[结果]18例均得到随访，12-24个月，平均16个月，采用Oswestry功能障碍指数评分，术前平均35分，术后12个月平均为12分，融合率100％。无1例发生严重并发症。[结论]椎间盘造影术是诊断椎间盘内破裂症的一种可靠方法，经椎间孔腰椎间融合术治疗盘内破裂症，具有安全、有效，创伤小并且并发症少的优点。     

Anti-inflammatory effect of erythropoietin pretreatment on cardiomyocytes with hypoxia/reoxygenation injury and the possible mechanism

Objective： To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of erythropoietin （EPO） pretreatment on cardiomyocytes exposed to hypoxialreoxygenation injury （H/R） and explore the possible mechanism.
Methods： The cultured neonatal rats＇ ventricular cardiomyocytes were divided randomly into 4 groups, control group （C group）, EPO pretreatment group （E group）, EPO and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate （PDTC） pretreatment group （EP group） and PDTC pretreatment group （P group）. After 24 hours＇ pretreatment, the cardiomyocytes were exposed to H/R. After pretreatment and H/R, the expression of tumor necrosis factor- α （TNF- α ） gene in all the groups was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. The nuclear factor- κ B （NF- κB） activity was detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay （EMSA） and the inhibitor- κB α （Ⅰ- κB α） protein level was detected by Western blot.
Results： The decrement of Ⅰ- κB a protein and the increasing NF- KB activity were found in cardiomyocytes pretreated with EPO before H/R compared to other groups （t=3.321, 4.183, P〈0.01）. However, after H/R, NF- κB activity and expression of TNF- α gene were significantly reduced, Ⅰ- κB a protein expression was increased in cardiomyocytes of E group compared to other groups （t=-3.425, 3.687, 3.454, P〈0.01）. All theses changes caused by EPO pretreatment were eliminated by the intervention of PDTC （an antagonist to NF- κB） during pretreatment.
Conclusions： EPO pretreatment can inhibit the activation of NF- κB and upregulation of TNF- α gene in cardiomyocytes exposed to H/R through a negative feedback of NF- κB signaling pathway, and thus produces the anti-inflammatory effect. This might be one of the ways EPO produces the anti-inflammatory effect.     

两种不同术式治疗下肢静脉功能不全的近期疗效对照研究

目的 评价腔内射频闭合术联合TriVex刨吸术治疗下肢静脉功能不全的疗效. 方法 150例下肢静脉功能不全患者(150条患肢)随机分为A、B两组,每组75例.A组行大隐静脉射频闭合术联合曲张浅静脉TriVex刨吸术,B组行大隐静脉高位结扎抽剥术联合曲张浅静脉TriVex刨吸术.比较两组手术情况、术后4周患者对手术的自身评价、手术前后CEAP(clinic,etiologic,anatomic and pathophysiological classification)分级和临床严重程度计分(venous clinical severity score,vcss)的变化.结果 A、B两组手术时间分别为(67±11)min和(69±9)min(P＞0.05),A组术后疼痛轻、下地时间早、住院天数少、皮下血肿发生率低,但皮下硬结发生率高于B组;对手术的评价A组为(11.21±2.00)分优于B组(10.52±2.08)分,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组手术前后CEAP分级和VCSS计分变化差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01),A、B两组手术前后VCSS分差为(4.6±2.5)分和(4.3±2.7)分(P＞0.05).结论 利用射频闭合术联合TriVex刨吸术治疗下肢静脉功能不全有效,且微创、并发症少.CEAP临床分级和VCSS临床记分可用于其疗效评价.     

络脉学说源流及理论前景

络脉系统是经络系统的重要组成部分,但络脉具有独特的生理功能与病理变化,络脉病变是多种内伤杂病和外感重症发生、发展、变化的重要因素之一。络脉学说肇始于《内经》。《内经》对络脉的生理特点、病理变化以及在临床诊断、治疗中的应用等内容已有较完备的记载,奠定了络脉学说     

窥镜直视下尿道内切开术加电切术治疗尿道狭窄

目的：探讨尿道狭窄的有效治疗方法。方法：对1991—2000年收治的128例尿道狭窄患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析，并比较窥镜直视下尿道内切开术和直视下尿道内切开术加电切术的疗效。结果：作单纯直视下尿道内切开术56例，治愈29例(51．9％)。作窥镜直视下尿道内切开术加电切术72例，治愈63例(87．5％)。结论：窥镜直视下尿道内切开术加电切术的方法可明显提高尿道狭窄的疗效，减少其复发率。     

血管紧张素(1-7)和依那普利拉对烧伤血清离体灌注大鼠心脏功能的影响

Objective To investigate effects of angiotcnsin ( 1-7 ) [ Ang( 1-7 ) ] and enalaprilat on function of isolated rat heart perfused by burn serum. Methods Eighty SD rats were used to prepare burn serum. Hearts of another 24 SD rats were isolated to reproduce Langendorff perfusion model. The rat hearts were divided into different groups with different perfusion fluids as K-H buffer group, K-H buffer containing 20% burn serum group ( burn serum group) , K-H buffer containing 20% burn serum and 2 μg/mL enala-prilat group (enalaprilat group), and K-H buffer containing 20% burn serum and 1 nmol/mL Ang(1-7) group [ Ang(1-7) group]. The rat hearts were perfused for 30 mins with each of above-mentioned fluids in different groups. Then left ventrieular systolic pressure (LVSP) , left ventricular end diastolic pressure ( LV-EDP) , ± dp/dt max, coronary flow(CF) , level of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in respective coronary effluent were determined. Results Compared with LVSP ( 11.2 ± 1.0 kPa, 1 kPa = 7.5 mm Hg), +dp/dt max (642±53 kPa/s), -dp/dt max (380±61 kPa/s) and CF level in K-H buffer group, CF, LVSP(5.9±0.8, 8.0±1.1, 8.9±1.3 kPa, respectively), +dp/dt max(275±37, 454±48, 479±63 kPa/s, respectively), - dp/dt max ( 135±35, 219±47, 277±58 kPa/s, respectively ) of burn serum group, those levels in Ang(1-7) group, and enalaprilat group were decreased obviously(P<0.05 or P <0.01 ), but LVEDP, level of CK and LDH in coronary effluent were increased. Compared with those parameters in burn serum group, CF, LVSP, ±dp/dt max of Ang(1-7) group and enalaprilat group were increased obviously(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and LVEDP, level of CK and LDH in coronary effluent were decreased obviously(P<0.01). Conclusions Ang(1-7) and enalaprilat can effectively improve left ventricular function of isolated rat heart perfused by burn serum and mitigate myocardial injury.     

卵圆孔未闭动物模型的建立

目的 探讨采用正常中华小型猪制作卵圆孔未闭动物模型的可行性。方法 中华小型猪11只，选取1只行预实验，10只用于正式实验。全身麻醉下，经股静脉送入Rups-100穿刺针系统，在透视引导下穿刺房间隔卵圆窝，然后对穿刺点行球囊扩张术。预实验动物术后1d处死，正式实验组动物术后21d处死。心脏取材，行病理检查。结果 11只猪均成功行房间隔穿刺和球囊扩张术，并经心房造影证实建立卵圆孔未闭模型。正式实验组动物除1只术中出现心包积液外，其余术中及术后均无并发症。预实验动物于处死后肉眼观房间隔卵圆窝有-0．7cm×0．8cm缺损，光学显微镜下见红细胞聚集。正式实验组动物于处死后观察，7只可见房间隔卵圆窝愈合，3只分别残留0．1cm×0．2cm、0．2cm×0．2cm、0．1cm×0．3cm缺损。正式实验组动物无论卵圆窝是否愈合，光学显微镜下在穿刺点周围均可见不同程度的局灶性心内膜增生和缺失、淋巴细胞聚集、心肌细胞肿胀、坏死和间质纤维化。结论 采用房间隔穿刺和球囊扩张的方法，用中华小型猪建立卵圆孔未闭模型是可行的。