一种用电容式传感器检测呼吸度的方法

目的介绍一种操作简单而成本低廉的呼吸率检测方法。方法 采用高灵敏度电容传感器,以及相应的检测系统,可以对呼吸活动进行检测。结果在一般左胸上部大部分位置均能得到较为满意的信号。结论应用前景广泛,可用于构成多参数监护仪中的呼吸模块,亦可用来检测呼吸波。     

Selective NMDA NR2B antagonists induce antinociception without motor dysfunction: correlation with restricted localisation of NR2B subunit in dorsal horn.

The present study investigated the regional distribution of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor containing the NR2B subunit protein in rat lumbar spinal cord and examined whether selective NR2B antagonists would exhibit antinociception with reduced side-effect liability than subtype non-selective NMDA antagonists and anticonvulsants. Immunocytochemical studies showed the NR2B subunit had a restricted distribution, with moderate labelling of fibres in laminas I and II of the dorsal horn suggesting a presynaptic location on primary afferent fibers and possible involvement in pain transmission. In the in vivo studies, the NMDA/glycine antagonists (MK-801, 0.02-1 mg/kg i.p., L-687,414 10-300 mg/kg i.p., and L-701,324 1-10 mg/kg i.p.) and the anticonvulsant, gabapentin (10-500 mg/kg p.o.), induced rotarod deficits at antinociceptive doses. In contrast, the selective NR2B antagonists, (+/-)-CP-101,606 (1-100 mg/kg p.o.) and (+/-)-Ro 25-6981 (3-100 mg/kg i.p.) showed a significant dose window. (+/-)-CP-101,606 caused no motor impairment or stimulation in rats at doses up to 100 mg/kg p.o., which is far in excess of those inhibiting allodynia in neuropathic rats (ID50 4.1 mg/kg, p.o.). (+/-)-Ro 25-6981 also showed a significant separation (ID50 allodynia 3.8 mg/kg, i.p.), however, some disruption of rotarod performance was observed at 100 mg/kg. The anticonvulsant lamotrigine (3-500 mg/kg p.o.) also showed a good dose window. These findings demonstrate that NR2B antagonists may have clinical utility for the treatment of neuropathic and other pain conditions in man with a reduced side-effect profile than existing NMDA antagonists.     

Accumulation of exogenous polyamines in gerbil brain after ischemia

Regionally selective delayed neuronal degeneration is a characteristic sequel of cerebral ischemia. Recent evidence indicates that changes in brain polyamine metabolism may be critical for nerve cell survival after ischemia. Within hours after ischemia, intracellular putrescine levels are greatly increased and remain elevated for days, whereas only minor changes are noted in the levels of the polyamines spermine and spermidine. In contrast, the extracellular levels of all polyamines are low after ischemia. Injections of polyamines following ischemia, however, can protect neurons in the gerbil brain from delayed cell death, with spermine being the most potent of the polyamines. In the present study, therefore, we sought to determine if increased polyamine uptake occurs in the brain after ischemia. In the hippocampal slice preparation, temperature-dependent uptake was unique for spermine, but not for spermidine or putrescine. Uptake of [¹⁴C]spermine was transiently increased after ischemia, peaking at 150% of control by 12–13 h and subsiding by 24 h. Intravenous injections of [³H]spermidine resulted in a postischemic accumulation of this polyamine throughout the forebrain parenchyma. We conclude that:

1. Active cellular uptake of spermine is transiently increased early after ischemia;
2. A nonspecific accumulation of exogenous polyamines occurs early after ischemia probably owing to a compromised blood-brain barrier, and
3. The findings indicate that exogenous polyamines can exert their effect directly in the brain after ischemia.

     

重肌灵对EAMG大鼠血清IL-4、IFN-γ水平的影响

观察中药复方重肌灵对EAMG大鼠血清IL－4、IFN－γ调节作用。方法：采用N2AchR加等量福氏完全佐剂，多次免疫Lewis大鼠，复制EAMG模型，并对模型进行评价。动物随机分为正常组、佐剂组、模型组、地塞米松组和重肌灵组。采用ELISA法观察各组动物血清AchRab、IL－4、INF－γ水平。结果：重肌灵、地塞米松组大鼠血清AchRab滴度、IL－4、IFN－γ水平明显降低，与模型组比较，有非常显著性差异（P＜0.01）。但两治疗组之间无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。结论：重肌灵具有良好的防治EAMG效果，可能是通过下调血清IL－4、IFN－γ，抑制AchRab产生，而起到治疗作用。     

自制中药粉剂中盐酸小檗碱的定量检测方法

目的测定自制中药粉剂中盐酸小檗碱的含量。方法采用薄层扫描法测定了盐酸小檗碱的含量。结果盐酸小檗碱在1～6μg间呈良好的线性关系,r=0.9975,平均回收率为97.95%,RSD为2.36%(n=5)。结论所建立的方法可靠准确地进行定量检测,可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

咽食管括约肌切开术在喉全切除术后发音重建中的作用

目的　探讨咽食管括约肌切开术对减少咽食管括约肌失弛缓对喉全切除术后安装Blom Singer发音管发音重建的影响。方法　喉全切除术后 ,咽食管括约肌收缩或是痉挛都会不同程度地影响食管的气流并阻碍发音。咽食管括约肌的解剖位置是环咽肌以及其上的下咽缩肌的一部分和颈段食管上段的一部分。手术操作是在喉全切除术中、术后于气管造瘘口外上方切除长 5cm ,宽 1cm的咽食管括约肌。结果　 3 3例喉全切除术的患者进行咽食管括约肌切开术后有 3 2例发音成功 ,发音重建的成功率是 97%。其中包括 12例喉全切除术中I期进行环咽肌切开术 ,2 1例是Ⅱ期进行咽食管括约肌切开术的 ,后者又有 9例是安装Blom Singer发音管后发音不能再行咽食管括约肌切开术的。患者 3年存活 2 5例 ,5年存活 18例。同期行喉全切除术和咽食管括约肌切开术的 12例患者 ,Kaplan Meier法统计 3年生存率 81 82 % ,5年生存率 42 86%。结论　咽食管括约肌切开术能提高Blom Singer发音管发音重建的成功率。     

多通道光纤化学传感器连续在位监测固体制剂的体外溶出度多通道光纤化学传感器连续在位监测固体制剂的体外溶出度

目的 为连续在位监测固体制剂的体外溶出度,自制多通道光纤化学传感溶出仪。方法 用自制光纤荧光溶出度监测仪与ZRS-4型智能溶出仪联用,连续在位监测氧氟沙星片、甲硝唑片、呋喃妥因肠溶片的体外溶出度,溶出曲线经微机从5种常用数学模型中根据相关系数R值,优选最佳模型进行拟合。结果 方法的回收率分别为97.4%～104.4%, 97.4%～103.8%, 96.6%～102.1%,日内、日间的RSD均小于5%。经与中国药典2000版方法及美国药典23版方法对照,各时间点药物累积溶出量和拟合后提取的参数均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 本法简便、快速,结果准确、可靠,重现性好。