沾染液体火箭推进剂时的个人洗消技术进展

目的 回顾与分析国内外有关沾染液体火箭推进剂时个人洗消技术和方法的研究资料，提出有效的个人洗消技术和方法，以尽可能地避免染毒或减轻染毒伤员的伤害程度。资料来源与选择 结合我们已进行的有关研究和参加抢救的临床救治体会，并引用国内外公开发表的相关论文及著作。资料引用 论文28篇及3部专著。资料综合主要针对个人洗消技术的有效性与安全性对文献作者采用的方法和指标进行分析和综合。结论 迅速及时地进行有效的洗消，以尽早彻底清除沾染的毒物，是防治液体火箭推进剂中毒的首要措施，可以明显避免或减轻染毒伤员的伤害程度。     

胸腰椎爆裂骨折椎管内骨片侵入倾向与对策

根据98例中获得随访的39例的X线、CT和MRI(24例)影像学资料,分析胸腰椎爆裂骨折椎管内骨片侵入倾向及对策。将爆裂骨折侵入椎管分为四类八型,宜采用Harrington器械钢丝或椎弓根螺钉钢板轴向撑开系统,使骨折复位,椎管容积恢复,毋需行后路椎管减压。本组取得良好效果。仅对骨片游离型需要切开椎管直接摘除骨片。     

Penetration of Schistosoma japonicum cercaria into host skin.

The anterior part of Schistosoma japonicum cercaria is a specialized head organ which can slightly stretch out and retract. There are three different types of large unicellular glands in cercarial body, consisting of one head gland, 2 pairs of pre- and 3 pairs of postacetabular glands. These glands differ in position, gross feature, histochemistry and functions. Both polysaccharase and protease activities are demonstrated in the secretions from these glands. Mode of cercarial penetration is described in detail and the penetration is effected by a combination of lytic secretions and mechanical movements. The schematic representation of the process of cercarial penetration is presented. The dynamic distributions of schistosomula in skin at different time intervals after skin penetration in various mammalian hosts are shown. Some newly transformed schistosomula die while penetrating into the skin of 7 mammalian species and the mortality rate varies with the host species, and that can also be affected by the age of cercariae following emergence from the snail. Some physiological aspects between cercariae and newly transformed schistosomula are compared. In contrast to cercariae, schistosomula are saline-adapted and water-intolerant. They were modified histochemically and antigenically.

     

我国较贫困地区农村学龄前儿童膳食状况

对１９８５～１９８９年７省较贫困的１８个乡农村儿童膳食调查资料采用平均摄入量、临界值及概率法进行了总结分析。结果表明，６～２４月龄母乳喂养儿的辅食品种单一，数量不足。断奶儿童各年龄组热能、蛋白质摄入量的平均值分别达ＲＤＡ的９２％～１０４％和７６％～８４％，但以ＲＤＡ为界值，仍有５３％～６２％及７４％～８５％的儿童热能、蛋白质摄入量低，用概率法分析蛋白质、钙、维生素Ａ、Ｂ２、Ｃ及铁摄入不足的人数比例分别是５０％～６０％、９３％～９７％、５１％～８７％、７４％～８６％、５８％～６６％和１２％～４７％。热能、蛋白质摄入量低于ＲＤＡ值儿童的身高、体重明显低于摄入量高于ＲＤＡ值的儿童。     

椎板后移回植的椎管扩大术治疗椎管狭窄症

作者报告棘突劈开、椎板后移回植的椎管扩大术治疗椎管狭窄症１８２例，使椎管容积扩大３４．８％，横径扩大３．８ｍｍ，矢径扩大６．１ｍｍ。随访２年９个月，优良率８６．６％，椎板愈合率９６．９％。本文探讨少数椎板迟延愈合的原因和预防措施，如斜切椎板、缝合固定和腰背筋膜与棘上韧带悬吊缝合等。术后卧床１０～１２周，用石膏型保护。作者认为本法能有效的预防术后脊柱不稳，顽固性腰痛等并发症。     

甲氟哌酸药代动力学研究

本文报道国产甲氟哌酸片剂的人体药代动力学研究结果。血、尿药物浓度用微生物打孔法测定。健康志愿者口服甲氟哌酸400mg片剂后,体内药物转运过程符合一室开放模型。甲氟哌酸的血药浓度达峰时间、峰浓度为1.27小时和4.76μg/ml。T_(1/2)Ka和T_(1/2)Ke分别为0.22和10.40小时。研究结果表明,甲氟哌酸吸收快,达峰迅速,血清峰浓度有所提高,消除半衰期长,体内分布广泛,值得在临床推广使用。     

Potential contribution of nuclear factor-kappaB to cerebral vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits.

Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) plays a key role in inflammation, which is involved in the development of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In the present study, we assessed the potential role of NF-kappaB in regulation of cerebral vasospasm. Nuclear factor-kappaB DNA-binding activity was measured in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) treated with hemolysate and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, 80 micromol/L), an inhibitor of NF-kappaB. Forty-two rabbits were divided into three groups: control, SAH, and PDTC groups (n=14 for each group). The caliber of the basilar artery was evaluated. Nuclear factor-kappaB DNA-binding activity and the gene expression levels of cytokines and adhesion molecules in the basilar artery were measured. Immunohistochemical study was performed to assess the expression and localization of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, and myeloperoxidase (MPO). It was observed that NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity was significantly increased by treatment with hemolysate in cultured VSCMs, but this increase was suppressed by pretreatment with PDTC. Severe vasospasm was observed in the SAH group, which was attenuated in the PDTC group. Subarachnoid hemorrhage could induce increases of NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity and the gene expression levels of TNF-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, ICAM-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, which were reduced in the PDTC group. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated that the expression levels of TNF-alpha, ICAM-1, and MPO were all increased in the SAH group, but these increases were attenuated in the PDTC group. Our results suggest that NF-kappaB is activated in the arterial wall after SAH, which potentially leads to vasospasm development through induction of inflammatory response.     

病案质量整体管理的做法

病案质量是衡量临床工作质量的重要标志。目前，因重效益轻质量、重科研轻临床现象突出，致病案质量有所下降。因此，应加强病案质量整体管理，建立医院、科室、个人三级病案质量控制体系；以病案内涵质量为核心内容，制定完善科学的病案质量评价标准；加强岗前培训，抓人员素质的提高；强化病案过程质量管理和终末质量管理，重视病案质量信息反馈作用。     

Validation of the Taiwan Birth Registry using obstetric records.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Birth certificates are a major source of population-based data often used in maternal and child health research, but their value depends upon the level of accuracy of the data. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of the birth registry data in Taiwan. METHODS: Obstetric records of a total of 2779 infants born at a municipal hospital in Taipei between 1995 and 1997 were abstracted and linked to the Taiwan Birth Registry (TBR). Concordance was presented by agreement percentages for various birth characteristics including gender, birth order, birth weight, and gestational age. Concordance was further assessed using Cohen's k and sensitivity/specificity for both birth weight and gestational age, with both variables categorized according to their customary definitions. RESULTS: Missing data for specific items in the TBR ranged from 0% (gender) to 1.6% (birth order). The birth registry accurately reported all 4 selected items, with the highest and lowest concordance percentage noted for gender (99.0%) and gestational age (88.3%), respectively. The level of agreement indicated by the Cohen's k statistic ranged from 0.92 to 0.96 for birth weight and gestational age when both variables were treated as categorical variables. CONCLUSIONS: The TBR showed a low rate of missing information and high levels of validity for the elements frequently used in maternal and child health research in Taiwan.