Association between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and intervertebral disc degeneration: A meta-analysis

Background

Studies that have investigated the association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) have yielded inconsistent results.

Comparisons of the prevalence and correlation factors of chronic kidney disease between the old urban and rural residents in MinHang district of Shanghai

Objective To compare the prevalence and correlation factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in urban and rural areas in Minhang district of Shanghai through the social economic and clinical data of the elderly population. Methods Jiangchuan Street and Pujiang town were randomly selected to represent the urban and rural population in Minhang district of Shanghai, respectively. Based on the over-60-year old people health examination program, 6151 objectives with complete clinical-epidemiological data and bio-chemical index were investigated. The prevalence of CKD in urban and rural areas was compared, and the correlation factors for the urban and rural CKD were evaluated by multiple logistic regression analysis. Results (1) The survey objectives with an average age of (69.57±7.04) years, including 4345 cases of the city residents and 1806 cases of rural residents, were enrolled. The age structures of urban and rural showed differences, population over 80 years old account for 13.1% of the rural total, significantly higher than 7.4% in the urban population (P＜0.001). (2) The prevalence rates of diabetes, hyperuricemia, hyperlipidemia and hyperlipidemia in urban residents were higher than those in rural residents, which were 26.4% vs 13.7%, 9.9% vs 2.3%, 53.7% vs 37.4%, 51.4% vs 15.6% (all P＜0.01). The awareness rates of kidney disease and hyperlipidemia showed significant differences in urban and rural areas, which were 32.9% vs 44.2%, 84.6% vs 62.8% (all P＜0.01). Compared with those in rural areas, the treatment rates of hypertension and high blood lipids in urban residents were increased (all P＜0.01). (3) The prevalence of CKD was 23.4%. Female CKD prevalence was higher than male, respectively 26.3% and 18.5% (P＜0.01). In urban CKD prevalence was 22.2%, lower than 25.2% in rural. The prevalence rate of hematuria in urban areas was lower than in rural areas, but the prevalence rate of decline in renal function was higher (all P＜0.05). With the increase of age, the prevalence rate of CKD was increased (P＜0.01). (4) Age (OR=1.072), smoking history (OR=1.543), previous history of kidney disease (OR=1.351), diabetes (OR=1.373), hyperuricemia (OR=2.498), obesity (OR=1.364), history of interventional therapy (OR=1.896) had positive correlation with CKD in city elderly population, while the higher education (OR=0.676, OR=0.604) and drinking (OR=0.585) had negative correlation (all P＜0.05). Age (OR=1.032), female (OR=1.860) had positive correlation with CKD in rural elderly population (all P＜0.05). Conclusions CKD has been a common chronic progressive disease of the aged in Minhang district. The prevalence of CKD is higher in urban areas than in rural. Age is a common factor for CKD in urban and rural. Previous smoking, history of kidney disease, diabetes, hyperuricemia, obesity, history of interventional therapy, education and drinking have correlation with urban CKD patients. Female has correlation with rural CKD population.     

急性创面无干扰伤口愈合的护理研究进展

介绍无干扰伤口愈合的概念及其在急性创面处理中的应用现状,分析无干扰伤口愈合在急性创面愈合中的促进因素及效果评价,以期为医护人员在临床实践中重视将急性创面处于无干扰愈合环境,结合患者情况,制定最佳的创面处理方案提供参考。     

CT-Guided Core Needle Biopsy of Pleural Lesions: Evaluating Diagnostic Yield and Associated Complications

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and complications of CT-guided core needle biopsy (CT-guided CNB) of pleural lesion and the possible effects of influencing factors.ResultsDiagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 89.2%, 86.1%, 100%, 100%, and 67.8%, respectively. The influencing factors had no significant effect in altering diagnostic accuracy. As far as complications were concerned, occurrence of pneumothorax was observed in 14 (16%) out of 88 patients. Multivariate analysis revealed lesion size/pleural thickening as a significant risk factor (odds ratio [OR]: 8.744, p = 0.005) for occurrence of pneumothorax. Moreover, presence of pleural effusion was noted as a significant protective factor (OR: 0.171, p = 0.037) for pneumothorax.ConclusionCT-guided CNB of pleural lesion is a safe procedure with high diagnostic yield and low risk of significant complications.     

Sclerostin Antibody Treatment Increases Bone Formation,Bone Mass,and Bone Strength in a Rat Model of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

The development of bone‐rebuilding anabolic agents for potential use in the treatment of bone loss conditions, such as osteoporosis, has been a long‐standing goal. Genetic studies in humans and mice have shown that the secreted protein sclerostin is a key negative regulator of bone formation, although the magnitude and extent of sclerostin's role in the control of bone formation in the aging skeleton is still unclear. To study this unexplored area of sclerostin biology and to assess the pharmacologic effects of sclerostin inhibition, we used a cell culture model of bone formation to identify a sclerostin neutralizing monoclonal antibody (Scl‐AbII) for testing in an aged ovariectomized rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Six‐month‐old female rats were ovariectomized and left untreated for 1 yr to allow for significant estrogen deficiency‐induced bone loss, at which point Scl‐AbII was administered for 5 wk. Scl‐AbII treatment in these animals had robust anabolic effects, with marked increases in bone formation on trabecular, periosteal, endocortical, and intracortical surfaces. This not only resulted in complete reversal, at several skeletal sites, of the 1 yr of estrogen deficiency‐induced bone loss, but also further increased bone mass and bone strength to levels greater than those found in non‐ovariectomized control rats. Taken together, these preclinical results establish sclerostin's role as a pivotal negative regulator of bone formation in the aging skeleton and, furthermore, suggest that antibody‐mediated inhibition of sclerostin represents a promising new therapeutic approach for the anabolic treatment of bone‐related disorders, such as postmenopausal osteoporosis.     

Increased RANK ligand in bone marrow of orchiectomized rats and prevention of their bone loss by the RANK ligand inhibitor osteoprotegerin

Orchiectomized (ORX) rats were used to examine the extent to which their increased bone resorption and decreased bone density might relate to increases in RANKL, an essential cytokine for bone resorption.Serum testosterone declined by > 95% in ORX rats 1 and 2 weeks after surgery (p < 0.05 versus sham controls), with no observed changes in serum RANKL. In contrast, RANKL in bone marrow plasma and bone marrow cell extracts was significantly increased (by  100%) 1 and 2 weeks after ORX. Regression analyses of ORX and sham controls revealed a significant inverse correlation between testosterone and RANKL levels measured in marrow cell extracts (R = − 0.58), while marrow plasma RANKL correlated positively with marrow plasma TRACP-5b, an osteoclast marker (R = 0.63). The effects of RANKL inhibition were then studied by treating ORX rats for 6 weeks with OPG-Fc (10 mg/kg, twice/week SC) or with PBS, beginning immediately after surgery. Sham controls were treated with PBS. Vehicle-treated ORX rats showed significant deficits in BMD of the femur/tibia and lower trabecular bone volume in the distal femur (p < 0.05 versus sham). OPG-Fc treatment of ORX rats increased femur/tibia BMD and trabecular bone volume to levels that significantly exceeded values for ORX or sham controls. OPG-Fc reduced trabecular osteoclast surfaces in ORX rats by 99%, and OPG-Fc also prevented ORX-related increases in endocortical eroded surface and ORX-related reductions in periosteal bone formation rate. Micro-CT of lumbar vertebrae from OPG-Fc-treated ORX rats demonstrated significantly greater cortical and trabecular bone volume and density versus ORX-vehicle controls. In summary, ORX rats exhibited increased RANKL protein in bone marrow plasma and in bone marrow cells, with no changes in serum RANKL. Data from regression analyses were consistent with a potential role for testosterone in suppressing RANKL production in bone marrow, and also suggested that soluble RANKL in bone marrow might promote bone resorption. RANKL inhibition prevented ORX-related deficits in trabecular BMD, trabecular architecture, and periosteal bone formation while increasing cortical and trabecular bone volume and density. These results support the investigation of RANKL inhibition as a strategy for preventing bone loss associated with androgen ablation or deficiency.     

消化道类癌三种内镜治疗方法的比较

目的比较普通圈套器电切、内镜黏膜切除术(EMR)和内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗消化道类癌的有效性和安全性。 方法回顾性分析2006年1月至2015年6月病理符合消化道类癌患者的临床资料,比较普通圈套器电切治疗(普通圈套器电切组,12例)、内镜黏膜切除术治疗(EMR组,47例)和内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗(ESD组,39例)的组织学完全切除率、并发症,以及术后随访6～36个月观察其疗效。 结果内镜治疗消化道类癌的组织学完全切除率为78.57%(77/98)。普通圈套器电切组的组织完全切除率为66.67% (8/12),EMR组为82.98% (39/47),ESD组为76.92% (30/39),差异均无统计学意义 (P＝0.463)。仅1例ESD治疗后发生穿孔,其他患者未出现并发症。所有患者随访6～36个月,均未复发。 结论内镜治疗对病变未超过黏膜下层的小的消化道类癌是一种安全有效的方法。     

首次和重复经桡动脉冠状动脉介入术后桡动脉无鞘区急慢性损伤的光学相干断层成像比较

目的 利用光学相干断层成像（optical coherence tomography,OCT）对经皮桡动脉冠状动脉介入（transradial intervention,TRI）术后桡动脉无鞘区（non-sheathed radial artery,NSRA）急慢性损伤进行评估。方法 2016年2月至2017年9月有162例患者在OCT指导下完成TRI后对NSRA进行OCT检查,根据患者有无TRI史分为重复TRI组（n=31）和首次TRI组（n=131）,对比两组急性损伤（内膜撕裂、夹层、穿孔、血栓和痉挛）发生率和慢性损伤指标差异,包括内膜面积、管腔狭窄率（percentage of lumen narrowing,% LN）、血管内膜与中膜厚度比值（intima-media ratio,IMR）和内膜厚度指数（intimal thickness index,ITI）。结果 NSRA急性损伤发生率为31.5%,重复TRI组患者NSRA总体急性损伤发生率明显高于首次TRI组（48.4% vs 27.5%,P=0.032）,内膜撕裂（6.5% vs 5.3%,P=1.000）、夹层（9.7% vs 1.5%,P=0.075）、穿孔（3.2% vs 1.5%,P=1.000）、血栓（12.9% vs 6.9%,P=0.457）及痉挛（29.0% vs 16.0%,P=0.094）的发生率两组差异无统计学意义。重复TRI组患者内膜面积（0.59 mm² vs 0.46 mm²,P=0.011）、IMR（0.40 vs 0.28,P=0.001）和ITI（0.27 vs 0.22,P=0.012）明显大于首次TRI组,而% LN差异无统计学意义（31.70% vs 30.81%,P=0.244）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,重复TRI是NSRA急性损伤发生的独立危险因素（OR=2.772,95%CI：1.053~7.301,P=0.039）。结论 TRI术后NSRA急性损伤发生率为31.5%,与首次TRI组相比,重复TRI组NSRA急性损伤发生率更高且慢性内膜增生显著,重复TRI是NSRA急性损伤发生的独立危险因素。