A 5-year interval report on study of burn metabolism and nutrition]

This paper introduces the essential experiences concerning studies of burn metabolism and nutrition in our institute in the past five years. 1. Three new and practical animal models were developed for studying gastro-enteral nutrition in burns. 2. With indirect calorimetry, resting energy expenditure (REE) of 92 burn adult patients were measured and analyzed, and on the basis of which a new formula for calculating nutritional supplement in Chinese burn adults was proposed: kcal/day = 1,000 x M2 (body surface area) + 25 x % TBSA (total burn surface area). 3. Through experimental and clinical studies, it was found that antiouperoxide agents (such as SOD, CAT), tolbutamide, glutamine and Chinese herb decoction Sizunzituang all exhibited modulating effects on postburn metabolism and nutrition, e.g. decreasing catabolism, reducing negative nitrogen balance, stimulating secretion of insulin, enhancing tissue utilization of glucose, maintaining the mass of enteral mucosa and improving functions of viscerae. 4. A new less irritating, simple and easy-to-introduce nasal-enteral nutrition tube was devised, which could pass through the pylorus easily into the duodenum usually within 6hrs without using a stylet. It would be useful in the early postburn enteral nutrition supplementation.     

Vascular pharmacology of methylene blue in vitro and in vivo: a comparison with NG-nitro-L-arginine and diphenyleneiodonium.

1. The vascular effects of the soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor, methylene blue as well as the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitors, NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG) and diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) were studied in rat isolated aortic rings and conscious, unrestrained rats. 2. Acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) caused concentration-dependent relaxation of preconstricted aortic rings. Both methylene blue (1 x 10(-5) M) and L-NOARG (3 x 10(-5) M) abolished ACh-induced relaxation; however, methylene blue but not L-NOARG shifted the concentration-response curve of SNP to the right. 3. In conscious rats, i.v. infusion of methylene blue (1.1 x 10(-5) mol kg-1 min-1), at a concentration which reduced the aortic tissue level of cyclic GMP by 50%, did not significantly alter mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR). In contrast, i.v. bolus injection of L-NOARG (1.5 x 10(-4) mol kg-1) markedly increased MAP and decreased HR. 4. Both ACh and SNP dose-dependently decreased MAP in conscious rats. Methylene blue did not alter the magnitude or duration of ACh- or SNP-induced depressor responses. L-NOARG, on the other hand, significantly though incompletely, reduced the magnitude and duration of the depressor response to ACh but not SNP. The depressor response to ACh or SNP was not altered by pretreatment with indomethacin (1.4 x 10(-5) mol kg-1) or capsaicin (3.3 x 10(-4) mol kg-1). 5. NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) also caused dose-dependent increases in MAP in conscious rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

聚芳醚砜薄膜的气体透过行为

研究了一系列聚芳醚砜的Ｈ２、ＣＯ２、Ｏ２、Ｎ２和ＣＨ４气体透过性能，讨论了其气体透过的温度依赖性。与双酚Ａ聚砜（ＰＳＦ）相比，几种新型聚芳醚砜的气体透过系数和气体选择系数同时有所提高。通过聚合物的分子链段活动性和自由体积数据系列变化，讨论了气体透过速率与分子结构的关系。     

新生大鼠反复惊厥对NMDA受体表达的长期影响

目的：研究反复惊厥对大鼠脑内N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸(NMDA)受体表达，以及成年期认知功能和惊厥阈的长期影响。方法：生后6d(用P6表示，下同)的Wistar大鼠随机分成两组，每组6只，惊厥组每日吸入三氟乙醚诱导惊厥发作1次，每次持续30min，连续6d；对照组同样操作但不吸入三氟乙醚。两组大鼠于P60-P65行Morris水迷宫实验，检测大鼠的学习记忆功能。于P75时给予大鼠腹腔注射戊四唑(PTZ)测定大鼠的惊厥阈。随即断头处死大鼠，分离大脑皮质和海马，匀浆提取细胞膜蛋白，应用免疫印记法测定NMDA受体亚基l(NRl)和NR2A-2D表达的变化。结果：从P6l至P65，两组大鼠寻找平台时间均逐渐缩短，惊厥组大鼠在P65的平均寻找平台时间较对照组显著延长。惊厥组大鼠注射PTZ后发生惊厥的潜伏期与对照组比较差异无显著性。在大脑皮层，惊厥组大鼠较对照组NRl和NR2B表达水平明显下调，在海马这两种亚基表达水平无明显改变，在大脑皮层和海马区，惊厥组较对照组NR2A表达水平明显下调，NR2C表达水平明显上调。两组在皮层和海马均无NR2D表达。结论；新生大鼠反复惊厥可导致远期认知障碍，同时伴有NMDA受体的数量和结构上的长期改变，NMDA受体表达的这种改变可能在发育期惊厥导致的脑长期认知功能损害中起重要作用。     

重组人生长激素对内毒素血症大鼠的治疗作用

目的 :观察重组人生长激素 (rhGH)对大鼠内毒素血症的治疗效果。方法 :76只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、内毒素血症组 (仅腹腔注射鸵鸟株大肠杆菌 (1 5ml/kg ,1× 1 0 10 cfu/L)及治疗组 (腹腔注射鸵鸟株大肠杆菌后行rhGH肌肉注射 (2 2 5IU/kg/d)。内毒素血症组及治疗组又依观察时点再分为 1天、3天两个亚组。采用放射免疫分析方法测定血浆肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF α)浓度并观测大鼠血压的变化。结果 :与正常对照组相比 ,无论是内毒素血症组还是治疗组 ,1天时其大鼠血浆TNF α浓度均明显升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;虽然两组大鼠血压都降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但治疗组大鼠血压降低幅度明显小于内毒素血症组 (P <0 .0 0 1 )。 3天时 ,内毒素血症组大鼠血浆TNF α浓度降至正常对照水平 ,而治疗组大鼠血浆TNF α浓度却明显低于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 0 1 )及内毒素血症组 3天水平 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :rhGH能明显减轻内毒素血症大鼠血压的下降 ,对内毒素血症大鼠具有较理想的治疗效果 ;rhGH减轻血压下降的机制可能与其能抑制TNF的释放等有关     

低强度超短波对小鼠体质及智力的影响

本实验探讨了低强度超短波对小鼠连续三代辐射,对学习、记忆、拉力、运动耐力和周围血象的影响。用81MHz,10～12V/m 的超短波进行辐射,每天辐射2小时,每周6天。结果表明:经过超短波辐射的各代小鼠与对照组相比,学习能力、记忆能力、拉力及运动耐力有明显的降低,且运动耐力有进行性降低的趋势,而经过辐射的三代小鼠红细胞、血红蛋白含量及白细胞数均明显增高,每个红细胞的血红蛋白含量则低于对照组。     

包头市区400名健康成年人发硒值测定

报告用巯基棉（ＳＣＦ）吸附富集分离──催化动力学法，测定了包头市区４００名１８～５５岁健康成年人发硒值。结果显示：发硒值的中位数（Ｍ）为０．７６ｍｇ／ｋｇ。男女分组分析，男性的Ｍ为０．６９ｍｇ／ｋｇ，女性Ｍ为０．８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，男女两组间的差异无显著意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

水稻品种抗褐稻虱的遗传机制及表型稳定性的研究

本文研究了15个水稻品种的抗性遗传，品种国眉占的抗性受一对隐性基因控制，BG367－4受两对隐性基因控制；三桂占1、Suweon294、KAU1727、IR13539－100－2－2－2－3、IR749－5－2－1－1以及IR13240－108－2－2－3均受一对显性基因控制；IR25586－108－1－2－2－2受两对显性基因控制；三黄占2、三叶占1、铁六选；新惠占1、GENG77－4以及IR13427－40－2－3－3都受一对显性基因和一对隐性基因因控制，同时对12个具有不同抗性水平的水稻品种苗期的抗菌表现进行了遗传型稳定性分析。结果表明，不同品种的抗性稳定性有明显差异，TN1是极稳定的高感品种TG367－4、25586-108－1－2－2－2以及Mudgo是非常稳定的高抗;一叶占1、三桂占1和铁六这三个抗级品种的抗虫也较稳定;；而抗级品种国眉占、三黄占2、Suweon294和抗品种包选2、辐包矫21的抗虫性不稳定。     

Necrotizing fasciitis of the extremities.

Necrotizing fasciitis is a limb- and life-threatening soft-tissue infection. Eighteen patients with necrotizing fasciitis of the extremities were reviewed. These infections occurred most commonly after minor trauma. Associated chronic debilitating diseases were present in 13 patients. All but two infections were polymicrobial. The overall mortality rate was 33%. Death was caused by persistent wound sepsis in three and systemic septic complications in spite of apparent local infection control in three. At the admission physical examination the condition may resemble a benign, low-grade cellulitis. Three of four patients died because of a delay in surgical debridement for more than 24 hours after admission. Multiple radial debridements of the involved skin, fat, and fascia are essential to control progressive necrosis. Our results suggest that early diagnosis and prompt surgical debridement of necrotizing fasciitis are essential for survival.