1314例育龄妇女缺铁性贫血发病现状调查

目的 :研究育龄妇女缺铁性贫血 (IDA)的发病现状及营养状况与IDA的关系。方法 :检测青岛市城市及农村 1314例妊娠期和非妊娠期育龄妇女的外周血红蛋白浓度 (Hb)、平均红细胞体积 (MCV)、平均红细胞血红蛋白量 (MCH)、血清铁蛋白 (SF) ,并进行个人问卷调查 ,应用营养计算软件评价膳食营养。结果 :1314例育龄妇女IDA发病率为 2 0 .4 0 % ,其中非孕妇的发病率高于孕妇。农村育龄妇女的发病率明显高于城市。孕妇中孕≥ 2 8周组发病率最高 (4 0 % ) ,与其他孕周组相比差异有高度显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。营养评价结果显示非孕妇组热量、维生素A、E、B1、B2 、PP、C的缺乏率高于孕妇组(P <0 .0 0 1)。结论 :农村育龄妇女及孕 2 8周以上的孕妇为IDA高发人群。应加强对农村育龄妇女的膳食营养宣教及指导 ,对孕晚期的孕妇及时采取有针对性的干预措施。     

Compromised kidney graft rejection response in Vervet monkeys after withdrawal of immunosuppressants tacrolimus and sirolimus

BACKGROUND: In nonprimates, organ allografts are often not rejected after withdrawal of immunosuppression. In this study, we examined whether such a phenomenon also occurs in primates. METHODS: Vervet monkeys were transplanted with renal allografts and treated for 60 days with tacrolimus, or tacrolimus plus sirolimus. The drugs were totally withdrawn on day 61. The survival of the monkeys was monitored, and their response to donor- or third party-derived alloantigens was examined in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS: The majority (80-100%) of the grafts survived for at least additional 30 days with no signs of acute rejection. The compromised rejection is donor-specific, because recipient monkeys failed to reject a donor-derived skin graft, but a third-party skin graft was rejected. In vitro mixed lymphocyte reaction and interleukin-2 production in the mixed lymphocyte reaction between the recipients and their donors or between the recipients and a third party had no discernable patterns, and thus did not reflect the in vivo status of the immune system. Although the recipients could not reject the graft acutely after drug withdrawal, the kidney grafts and the donor-derived skin grafts had pathological findings of chronic rejection. CONCLUSIONS: The rejection response of the monkeys to an established graft after withdrawal of immunosuppression is compromised. The compromised rejection is specific and is not due to a permanent alteration of the immune system by the initial drug treatment. The allografts are not inert but have low levels of interaction with the recipient immune system.     

美国间谍小说的起源、发展与现状

美国间谍小说的起源可以追溯到詹姆斯·库珀的《间谍》 ,但发展缓慢。其原因在于美国人崇尚明斗的西部硬汉精神 ,而美国政府历来对间谍工作也未予重视 ,直到20世纪30年代美国的间谍小说还不很成熟 ,40年代才出现了较有影响的间谍小说女作家海伦·麦克英纳斯。至70年代却大有后来居上之势 ,并在题材上形成业余间谍、硬派间谍和反间谍三足鼎立的格局     

经IFN-γ诱导的人IL-2基因修饰的人原代成纤维细胞体外细胞因子表达及某些免疫学特性的研究

成纤维细胞作为基因治疗载体细胞是肿瘤基因治疗的一项重要途径,但以往的研究仅仅将成纤维细胞作为载体而忽略了其自身的免疫学功能的发挥。本文采用本室构建的逆转录病毒载体将IL-2基因转入人原代成纤维细胞,再用IFN-7诱导。结果表明,IFN-7诱导后,IL-2基因修饰的成纤维细胞MHC-Ⅰ、MHC-Ⅱ、CD40等分子表达具有一定程度的增高,并且表达IL-2、IL-1、IL-6等,由于这些免疫分子及细胞因子的表达与肿瘤抗原的递呈、效应细胞的激活密切相关,提示这种经IFN-7诱导后的IL-2基因修饰的成纤维细胞可能作为抗原递呈细胞而参与肿瘤抗原的递呈及效应细胞的激活。     

Anti -addiction effects of agmatine against heroin self-administration in rats

Rationale： Drug abuse is serious and costly health problems. Present understanding that drug addiction is a chronic brain disease paves the way for pharmacotherapy. Unfortunately, few medications have proven effective for the treatment of addiction and dependence. Searching novel strategies of pharmacotherapy against drug addiction are challenging. Agmatine （ decarboxylated L - arginine）, an endogenous imidazoline receptor ligand, with multiple pharmacological profiles including its NMDA antagonistic properties, attracts the attention for its potential therapeutic efficacy for drug addiction.     

Acetylcholine Transmission in Nucleus Accumbens and VTA on Heroin- Seeking Elicited by Contextual and Conditioned Cues

The involvement of cholinergic transmission in heroin self - administration and the reinstatement of heroin - seeking was examined in rats trained to nose - poke for intravenous heroin. Systemic treatment with physostigmine modestly reduced the acquisition and rate of heroin self-administration. Following 10 -14 days of self-administration, rats were left in the home environment for 14 days. Withdrawn animals were evaluated for context-induced nosepokes during the first hour after being returned to the self-administration apparatus. One hr later a conditioned stimulus （ house light, light in the nose-poke hole, sound of the infusion pump） was presented to initiate cue-induced reinstatement.     

鼻窦黏液囊肿造袋术的组织病理学基础

目的探讨鼻窦黏液囊肿造袋术的组织病理学基础，为鼻窦黏液囊肿造袋术提供理论依据，并观察造袋术的临床疗效。方法21例鼻窦黏液囊肿病人均行经鼻内镜囊肿造袋术，手术后标本作常规病理检查和电镜超微结构检查。随访6～12个月。结果常规病理检查21例均为黏液囊肿，电镜检查除1例为立方状上皮外，其余内衬上皮为假复层纤毛柱状上皮。上皮纤毛发达，线粒体丰富，内质网、高尔基氏体发达，黏液性腺细胞和杯状细胞浆中有大量黏液分泌颗粒，基底膜下有大量淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞及少量嗜酸性粒细胞浸润。术后无1例复发。结论囊肿造袋术是治疗鼻窦黏液囊肿的有效术式。鼻窦黏液囊肿内衬上皮与鼻腔大部分黏膜一样均为假复层纤毛柱状上皮，纤毛发达，术后纤毛功能可以恢复，这是鼻窦黏液囊肿造袋术的组织病理学基础。     

对护理人员"处理错误方式"的调查和思考

提高护理人员防范风险的意识和能力,树立时刻把病人的安全摆在第一位的服务理念,是降低护理差错发生率,提高整体护理质量的关键所在。为此,作者于2005年6月对某三级乙等医院的233名临床护士进行了有关护理人员“处理错误方式”的调查。结果表明,护理人员防范风险的意识和能力有待进一步加强;仍有部分护士在处理“错误”时没有将病人的利益摆在首位,故转变护理人员服务理念,强调以改善系统和程序作为减少风险之策略,建立一种非惩罚性的病人安全的文化环境已迫在眉睫。