非手术疗法治疗疑难腰腿痛的体会

临床上遇到难治的、复杂的腰腿痛,如巨大型腰椎间盘突出症、复杂的腰椎间盘突出症及马尾损伤等,首先要明确诊断,治疗时要根据患者的不同类型、病情轻重及复杂因素来采取针对性的非手术治疗方法,而且还要有足够的耐心,才能得到满意的疗效.根据笔者临床治疗经验,总结出疑难腰腿痛应早期诊断,早期正确治疗尤为重要.     

股骨干顺行髓内钉固定后同侧股骨颈骨折的治疗

目的：探讨股骨干骨折行顺行髓内钉固定后发现同侧股骨颈骨折的治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析2000年1月至2010年1月股骨干骨折行顺行髓内钉固定后术中或术后发现同侧股骨颈骨折的患者12例,全部以2枚螺钉分别自髓内钉前后方固定股骨颈骨折,定期随访,评估骨折愈合及功能恢复情况。结果：术后随访10—36个月,平均16．5个月。股骨颈骨折平均愈合时间3．6个月,股骨干骨折平均愈合时间5．4个月,无股骨头坏死发生。按Harris评分标准髋关节功能：优7例,良3例,可2例。结论：股骨干骨折顺行髓内钉固定后发现同侧股骨颈骨折,以2枚螺钉分别自髓内钉前后方固定股骨颈骨折方法可行,固定可靠,手术创伤小,骨折愈合率高。     

单侧椎弓根螺钉联合对侧经皮椎板关节突螺钉固定治疗下腰椎病变的临床观察

 目的 探讨单侧椎弓根螺钉联合对侧经皮椎板关节突螺钉固定治疗下腰椎病变的可行性和疗效。方法 男 8例.女 22例;年龄 39~68岁.平均 53.7岁。腰椎间盘退变 11例.腰椎间盘突出症术后原位复发 4例.巨大型腰椎间盘突出 5例.腰椎间盘突出伴椎管狭窄 4例.腰椎退行性滑脱(I度) 6例。 L_3.4 2例、L_4.5 20例、L₅S₁ 8例。采用单侧显露、减压、同侧椎弓根螺钉固定.同时在自行设计的瞄准器引导下经皮对侧进行椎板关节突螺钉固定并椎间融合器植骨方法治疗。观察手术时间、术中出血量和术后引流量。通过影像学评价椎板关节突螺钉位置。采用日本骨科学会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association. JOA)下腰痛评分系统(29分法)评价疗效。结果 手术时间 75~110 min.平均 89 min;术中出血量为 180~500 ml.平均 285 ml.均未输血。椎板关节突螺钉位置I型 24例. II 型 6例。术后 2例病例出现终板切割.融合器部分陷入终板及椎体内。随访时间 12~36个月.平均 22.5个月。除 1例不能明确外.其余均获得骨性融合.融合率为 96.7%。随访过程中椎弓根螺钉与椎板关节突螺钉未出现松动、移位、断裂.椎间融合器亦无移位现象。 JOA评分由术前的 10~16分(平均 13.0分)提高到 22~27分(平均 25.2分).改善率为 61.7%~90.5%.平均 72.5%。结论 单侧椎弓根螺钉联合对侧经皮椎板关节突螺钉固定具有操作简单、创伤小、稳定性好、融合率高和并发症少等优点.是部分下腰椎病变固定融合的较好选择。     

恶性副神经节瘤的诊治探讨

目的：提高恶性副神经节瘤（MPGL）的诊治水平。方法：回顾性分析2003年4月～2011年1月诊治的12例MPGL患者的临床资料。高血压10例（83．3％）,腰腹部疼痛3例（25．0％）。血浆游离变肾上腺素类物质（MNs）和24h尿儿茶酚胺（CA）升高者分别为100．0％（12／12）和83．3％（10／12）。B超、CT、MRI和131I-间碘苄胍扫描（131I-MIBG）定位准确率分别为83．3％（10／12）、91．7％（11／12）、80．0％（4／5）和88．9％（8／9）。1例行放射治疗,11例行开放手术治疗。结果：原发性肿瘤9例,复发性肿瘤3例;单发性肿瘤8例,多发性肿瘤4例。根据肿瘤的中心定位：腹主动脉旁6例,下腔静脉后2例,膀胱2例,肾门2例。根据术中所见确诊恶性5例（41．7％）。病理检查11例,确诊恶性8例（72．7％）。肺转移1例,肝转移1例,骨转移1例,局部淋巴结转移3例．广泛淋巴结转移2例,2个或多个脏器同时发生转移2例。9例随访4～84个月,平均39个月;复发4例,再次手术;因多发浸润及远处转移死亡2例。结论：病理难以区分副神经节瘤的良恶性,需结合影像学检查、生化检查及术中所见。根治性肿瘤切除是治疗MPGL最有效的方法,肿瘤复发时再次手术仍然有效;无法手术者可用放化疗控制高血压及延缓疾病进展。长期随访观察肿瘤的转移情况是确诊疑似病例的重要方法。     

体外循环下小儿肌部室间隔缺损的镶嵌治疗

目的 探讨镶嵌模式(hybrid procedure)治疗小儿肌部室间隔缺损(Mvsd)的手术方法及临床应用.方法 2006年1月至2010年6月,在体外循环心内直视手术下采用手术及封堵相结合的镶嵌技术矫治小儿Mvsd 45例,其中男20例,女25例;年龄52天～12岁;体重3～32 kg.7例为单个Mvsd,38例为多发性VSD.同时合并大血管错位(D-TGA)1例、法洛四联症(TOF)2例、肺动脉狭窄(PS)3例、动脉导管未闭(PDA)6例、房间隔缺损(ASD)6例、主动脉缩窄1例.均在心脏停跳后直视下将导引钢丝经三尖瓣孔自心脏右室面穿过VSD至左室面,直视下置入导引器,然后送入封堵器,完成Mvsd封堵.多发性VSD 38例,予自体心包片修补膜周部等较大的VSD,心内其他畸形同期完成矫治.结果 42例置入单枚封堵器(直径4～10 mm)、3例置入双枚封堵器(直径4～7 mm).手术经过顺利,术前左室射血分数(EF)均在正常范围,术后1天小于8月龄组EF均值低于正常,大于8月龄组EF正常,两者差异有统计学意义.术后常规每天给予5 mg/kg肠溶阿司匹林3～6个月.术后随访超声检查示封堵器位置无偏移,无残余分流,无二尖瓣、主动脉瓣反流、Ⅲ度传导阻滞及新发心律失常等.术后因重症感染放弃治疗1例,无远期死亡病例.结论 体外循环下镶嵌技术治疗小儿 Mvsd明显降低了围手术期并发症及病死率,简化了手术过程,降低了手术风险,是一种安全、有效的方法.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the technique and clinical experience of hybrid procedure under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in children with muscular ventricular septal defect (mVSD). Methods From January 2006 to June 2010, 45 cases of mVSD underwent hybrid procedure with CPB. mVSDs were closed with devices under direct vision in 45 cases. Of them, there were 20 males and 25 females. They ranged from 52 days to 12 years [mean (2.05 ±2.48) year] in age and from 3 to 30 kg [(11.93 ±7.70)kg] in body weight. Preoperatively, most of children were highly susceptible to respiratory tract infections. The hybrid approach was used in all patients with CPB under the guidance of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The diameter of mVSDs ranged from 2 to 7 mm under TEE. Of 45 cases, 40 patients had increased rates of pulmonary blood flow. 29 patients had left axis deviation and 12 cases had sinus arrhythmia on electrocardiography (ECG). 19 had other congenital heart lesions, including transposition of great arteries in 1 case, tetralogy of Fallot in 2, pulmonary artery stenosis in 3, patent ductus arteriosus in 6, atrial septal defects in 6) and aorta coactation in 1. The quantity of VSDs were from 1 to 7 (single, in 7; two, in 24 case; three, in 8 case; four, in 5 case and seven, in lease. 37 patients were combined with pulmonary hypertension in our cohort. 38 patients with another large VSD and 19 with other congenital heart lesions were required surgical repair at sometime. Results The hybrid procedures were undertaken in all 45 cases of this cohort. All cases were successful and no deaths occurred during operation. A total of 48 devices were implanted in 45 patients, including single devices in 42 cases (device size ranged from 4 to 10 mm) and two devices in 3 cases (device size ranged from 4 -7 mm). The average time on CPB was (58.28 ±20.70) min , while aortic crossclamp time was(34. 94 ± 14.75) min. In addition, the time on mechanical ventilation postoperatively ranged from 2 hours to 6 days. Compared to the older children, 20 infante aged less than 8 monhad a significant difference in cardiac function in the early postoperative period. One infant was given up treatment because of serious infection. Anather cases recovered with the use of supportive treatment, such as using vasoactive agents, digoxin, inhaling nitric oxide, diuresis, and so on. The enteric-coated aspirin was given at dose of 5 mg ? kg -1. day -1 for a period of 3 to 6 months as usual postoperatively. All patients attended follow-up at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years post-procedure. No major complications were encountered during this period. All cases were no instance of migration of any of the devices, residual shunt, aortic regurgitation, atrioventricular valve dysfunction, Ⅲo atrial-ventricular conduction block, new arrhythmia, and so on. There are no death in long-term follow-up. Conclusion Hybrid procedure is safe and effective for the closure of congenital heart defects in children.     

Stanford A 型主动脉夹层手术中的主动脉根部处理

目的 总结Stanford A型主动脉夹层手术中主动脉根部处理的临床经验.方法 根据主动脉夹层累及主动脉根部的程度及主动脉根部基础病变,对59例Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人进行主动脉根部处理.Bentall手术31例,Wheat手术15例,David手术13例.结果 手术死亡1例(1.72%).术后一过性精神状态异常17例;术后感染2例,1例死亡;胸骨哆开1例;单侧下肢血供障碍1例,二期行股股分流术后恢复正常.出院前复查心脏彩超、主动脉CT血管成像及心电图,均正常.随访2～54个月,4例死于非心源性疾病,余者正常.结论 根据主动脉夹层累及主动脉根部的程度及主动脉根部基础病变,制定相应处理方案,可显著提高手安全性并改善预后.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the experience of aortic root surgery in Stanford A aortic dissection operations.Methods From January 2005 to September 2010, the clinical data of 59 patients with Stanford A aortic dissection was analyzed. There were 43 men and 16 women , ranging in age from 21 to 74 years old, duration of disease varied from 16 hours to 27 days. Among the group, 31 complicated by aortic valve incompetence, 12 Marfan syndrome, 9 single lower limb blood supply dysfunction, 6 right coronary artery involvement. All cases received aortic root surgery under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Bentall procedure was performed in 31 patients, Wheat procedure in 15 patients and David procedure in 13 patients.Results The time of cardiopulmonary bypass in the group was 149 to 204 min with an average of ( 171 ± 19) min,and the cross clamp time was 81 to 122 min with an average of (104 ±13) min, and the arrest time was 30 to 47 min with an average of (39 ±7) min. There was 1 case of operative death, which was treated on an emergency basis. Postoperative complications occurred in 20 cases. 17 cases experienced temporary mental dysfunction, 2 cases were infected with MRS A, 1 of which died from MODS, 1 case of single lower limb blood supply dysfunction remained after the first operation and recovered by reoperation (bilateral femoral bypass operation) . All cases were reexamined before discharge, postoperative mean LVEF was (56. 3 ±3.4)% (ranged 51% -62%), aortic annular diameter varied from 22 mm to 27 mm, aortic sinus diameter range from 23 mm to 31mm. 51 patients were followed up, with a mean follow-up time of (24.9 ± 17.2) months (ranged 2-54 months). 54 patients of Stanford A aortic dissection survived well with normal lives and activities. Four non cardiac deaths, one was chronic renal failure, the others were brain hemorrhage. Conclusion Prognosis and operative security of Stanford A aortic dissection patients can be significantly improved by individualized aortic root surgery.     

IgA肾病患者扁桃体B1a细胞和IgA1阳性细胞表达及相关因素分析

目的 研究B1a和IgA1阳性细胞在IgA肾病患者扁桃体中的表达及B1a细胞与血尿、蛋白尿和病理Lee分级的关系。 方法 肾活检确诊为原发性IgA肾病及非肾炎慢性扁桃体炎患者各8例为对象,用免疫荧光法和激光共聚焦显微镜对其扁桃体组织进行B1a及IgA1细胞定位和定量计算,并按蛋白尿程度和Lee分级标准与IgA肾病组B1a细胞数量行统计学分析。 结果 B1a细胞主要分布在扁桃体生发中心和小结帽;IgA1细胞主要分布在上皮内、上皮下,以上皮和淋巴组织交界区为多。与慢性扁桃体炎组比较,IgA肾病组两种细胞表达明显增多（P < 0.01）,且呈正相关（r = 0.778,P = 0.023）。在血尿伴蛋白尿和Lee≥Ⅲ级组B1a细胞显著高于单纯血尿和Lee<Ⅲ级组（P < 0.05）。 结论 IgA肾病患者扁桃体中IgA1可能是B1a细胞分泌的。B1a细胞数量随着患者蛋白尿的出现和病理严重程度的加重而增加,可能在疾病发生和进展过程中起着重要的作用。     

大鼠单侧睾丸损伤对对侧睾丸组织的影响及其机制的探讨

目的：研究大鼠单侧睾丸损伤后对侧睾丸组织变化及其发生机制。方法：选择SD雄性大鼠40只,随机分为4组：A组为对照组,B组为单侧睾丸挫伤组,c组为单侧睾丸裂伤组,D组为裂伤后腹腔注射环孢素A（cyclosporinA,CsA）组。分别于第2、4周观察大鼠后足垫反应（footpadreaction,FPR）,取对侧睾丸做苏木精一伊红（HE）染色和免疫组化检测CD4分子、CD8分子的表达。结果：注射睾丸抗原48h后,B、C组大鼠右足足垫较A、D组显著增厚（P〈0．01）,C组与B组差异亦有显著统计学意义（P〈0．05）,A组与D组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。B、C组对侧睾丸组织学发生明显改变,A、D组改变不明显。B、C组中CU’T细胞平均光密度（oD）值高于CD。’T细胞（P〈0．05）,两种T细胞OD值均明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）,C组与B组比较,CD4＋T细胞OD值差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）,CD4＋T细胞OD值差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。各组结果在第2、4周比较,差异均无统计学意义。结论：单侧睾丸损伤可引起对侧睾丸组织发生迟发型超敏反应（delayedtypehypersensitivity,DTH）,主要由CD4＋T细胞介导,且与睾丸损伤程度有关。CsA可抑制DTH的发生。     

舌癌连续整块切除血管化（肌）皮瓣修复重建术后的功能评价

目的评价舌癌连续整块切除同期行血管化（肌）皮瓣修复舌缺损后的语音、咀嚼功能。方法行手术治疗后6～18个月的舌癌患者共47例,其中行前臂皮瓣修复20例（前臂组,半舌以内14例,半舌以上16例）,股前外侧肌皮瓣修复27例（股前外侧组,半舌以内15例,半舌以上10例,全舌2例）。采用两因素两水平的析因设计与方差分析比较其语音和咀嚼效率;采用W ilcoxon秩和检验分析比较两个皮瓣组术后的舌颌沟深度改变值。结果与前臂皮瓣组比较,股前外侧组的舌颌沟深度改变值较小（P=0.000）,咀嚼效率较优（P=0.035）,但语音清晰度较低（P=0.006）。结论股前外侧皮瓣修复更有利于舌癌患者术后的咀嚼和进食,但前臂皮瓣短期内更有利于语音的恢复。     

谷氨酰胺对2型糖尿病大鼠血糖和胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的 观察L-谷氨酰胺对2型糖尿病大鼠血糖变化和胰岛素抵抗的影响并探讨可能机制.方法 SD雄性大鼠47只,按随机数字表法分为4组:空白对照组(C组)10只、谷氨酰胺(glutamine,Gln)组(Gln组)10只、2型糖尿病组(DM组)12只、2型糖尿病+谷氨酰胺组(DM+Gln组)15只.实验动物分组饲养,2型糖尿...