眼轴线后部眶容积增大与眼球内陷比值的测定研究

目的:通过测量眼眶爆裂性骨折伴有眼眶扩大患者的后部眼眶容积、观察眼球内陷出现的时间及程度,研究后部眶容积扩大与眼球内陷的关系比值,为病情预测和眶内填充手术提供比较精确的参考数据。方法:将96例患者按发病时间分为早期病例组(60例、受伤时间1周以内)和晚期病例组(36例、受伤时间3个月以上),早期组除进行后部眼眶容积测量外,分别于1周、2周、3周测定眼球突出度(相差>1mm为阳性),记录眼球内陷出现时间,用卡方检验进行统计学分析;晚期组测量后部眶容积增大值和眼球内陷量,对其相关性采用Pearson统计方法进行统计学分析,并得出回归方程及相关系数。结果:早期组60例患者中,(58.33%)例患者在1周内出现眼球内陷,4(880%)例在2周内出现内陷,3周时有5(388.33%)例呈现出内陷;2周时出现眼球内陷的例数与1周时有显著性差异(χ2=62.484,P<0.001),2周时出现眼球内陷例数与3周时无差异(χ2=1.563,P>0.05),1周时出现眼球内陷例数与3周时有显著差异(χ2=76.885,P<0.001),后部眶容积增大与眼球内陷的比值约为1.0,两者之间呈正相关(r=0.994,P<0.001),即后部眶容积每增加1ml,产生1.0mm的眼球内陷。结论:眼球内陷通常于伤后2周～3周出现,3个月时趋向稳定;后部眶容积增大与眼球内陷产生比值为1.0,呈正相关;后部眶容积扩大与眼球内陷比值可预测发生眼球内陷的可能性和程度,为手术矫正眼球内陷提供可靠、精确的参考,具有十分重要的临床指导意义。     

骨外科患者拔尿管时注入药物对排尿的影响

目的探讨提高长时间留置导尿管病人拔管后2h内排尿成功率的方法。方法按入院先后随机将64例导尿的男性骨折病人分两组,单数为观察组,双数为对照组。对照组常规拔尿管,观察组拔尿管时遵医嘱注入地塞米松5mg+2%利多卡因5ml+生理盐水5ml+庆大霉素8万U,比较首次排尿的自觉症状,包括尿痛、排尿困难、排尿障碍等。结果观察组较对照组病人首次排尿出现自觉症状的例数明显减少(P<0.01),有显著性差异。结论拔尿管时注入药物安全有效,明显提高了长期置管病人拔除尿管后首次排尿的成功率,减轻了病人的痛苦,有广泛的应用价值。     

人工肱骨头置换术治疗高龄患者肱骨近端复杂骨折

目的 探讨伴有全身性疾病的高龄肱骨近端复杂骨折患者人工肱骨头置换术围手术期处理、术中操作与术后康复的特殊性及手术的可能性。方法 2002年10月～2005年2月对8例68岁以上肱骨近端四部分复杂骨折患者行人工肱骨头置换术。患者均伴有内科疾病，合并两种以上疾病者3例，对所有伴发疾病进行手术前、后内科系统处理，并有针对性地注意术中操作与术后康复指导。结果术后原有合并症均得到控制。所有患者获3～30个月随访。参照美国加州洛杉矶关节成形改良评分系统（SSMH）综合评分：优1例，良5例，中1例，差1例。8例患者疼痛方面得分平均为9．5分，功能方面得分为8．0分，肌力和运动方面得分为7．5分。结论 对有伴发疾病的高龄肱骨近端复杂四部分骨折患者行人工肱骨头置换术虽存在较大风险，但只要认真处理伴发疾病，有针对性地注意术中操作与术后康复指导，可以平稳渡过手术期，并可提高此类患者的生活质量。     

利多卡因治疗支气管哮喘的临床应用

利多卡因（Lidocaine）为合成局部麻醉药，由于有较强的穿透力、作用时间长、安全范围大，可适用于各种方法的局部麻醉，是临床上应用最广泛的局麻药之一。利多卡因还有抗心律失常作用，用于治疗心律失常，临床应用证明利多卡因是治疗各种快速型室性心律失常具安全、高效，速效的首选药，甚至一度作为评价各种新抗心律失常药疗效的标准药物。利多卡因还适用于其它药物治疗无效的癫痫持续状态的控制。早些年有报道，气道吸入利多卡因可抑制剧烈运动引起的气道痉挛，1991年起用于治疗支气管哮喘，治疗哮喘常采用雾化吸入，或合用岛激动药等其它抗哮喘药物。这里介绍利多卡因在支气管哮喘（下简称哮喘）方面的临床应用。     

手部皮肤套脱伤的治疗

目的探讨手部皮肤套脱伤的治疗方法。方法2002年4月-2004年11月，治疗22例手部皮肤套脱伤患者，其中19例分别通过吻合血管、套脱皮肤修薄回植及多切口引流等方法进行修复。另有3例，因无法行套脱皮肤回植而采用腹部带蒂皮瓣修复。结果术后随访3个月-1年。19例套脱皮肤原位回植患者中，13例皮肤完全成活，4例有部分皮缘坏死，经中药换药后愈合，2例行切痂植皮术后治愈。手功能按ATN功能评分评定：优9例，良7例，中3例，优良率为84％，患者对手外形及功能满意。3例腹部皮瓣修复者，皮瓣全部成活。术后随访5个月-1年，手外形及功能明显差于皮肤原位回植者。结论尽可能地回植手部套脱皮肤，对手功能及外形的恢复具有重要意义。     

应用输尿管镜放置双J管早期治疗输尿管阴道瘘

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of placing double J stent using a ureteroscope in early managing ureterovaginal fistula.Methods Twenty-eight patients cases with ureterovaginal fistula from 2002 to 2008 were treated early with placing double J stent using a ureteroscope and the clinical data were reviewed.Results Twenty-two of 28 cases were treated and double J stent was placed in them by a uretero-scope and 75% (21/28)of cases were cured.Four of 21 cases were treated twice by a ureteroscope and were cured finally.7 cases with failure ureterovaginal treatment underwent ureterocystostomy and were cured.The follow-up from 6 months to 33 months (average 10.1±6.4 months)showed that all of the 28 cases had been cured and had no urinary fistula.Conclusion Placing double J stent using a ureteroscope is the first choice of operative procedure for the early treatment of ureterovaginal fistula.     

视网膜母细胞瘤的VEGF和NF-κB P65表达及意义

①目的　探讨血管生成因子VEGF和细胞核因子NF κBP6 5蛋白在视网膜母细胞瘤中的表达及其与视网膜母细胞瘤生物学行为的关系。②方法　应用免疫组织化学SABC法检测VEGF和NF κBP6 5蛋白在 36例视网膜母细胞瘤中的表达情况。③结果　NF κBP6 5在正常视网膜中呈阴性表达 ,VEGF在正常视网膜中呈弱阳性表达 ,而在视网膜母细胞瘤中两者均呈阳性表达。两者在肿瘤组织细胞中的表达与在正常组织细胞中的表达差异有显著性 (F =1 5 2、1 2 3,q =4 0 .1 1、2 7.2 0 ,P <0 .0 5 )。且VEGF在视网膜母细胞瘤视神经浸润组与未浸润组的表达之间也有统计学差异 (q =1 0 .5 3,P <0 .0 5 )。 ④结论　VEGF和NF κBP6 5均参与视网膜母细胞瘤的形成 ,且VEGF可能与视网膜母细胞瘤的浸润有关     

Serial CT findings of Paragonimus infested dogs and the Micro-CT findings of the worm cysts.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the serial CT findings of Paragonimus westermani infected dogs and the microscopic structures of the worm cysts using Micro-CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was approved by the committee on animal research at our institution. Fifteen dogs infected with P. westermani underwent serial contrast-enhanced CT scans at pre-infection, after 10 days of infection, and monthly thereafter until six months for determining the radiologic-pathologic correlation. Three dogs (one dog each time) were sacrificed at 1, 3 and 6 months, respectively. After fixation of the lungs, both multi-detector CT and Micro-CT were performed for examining the worm cysts. RESULTS: The initial findings were pleural effusion and/or subpleural ground-glass opacities or linear opacities at day 10. At day 30, subpleural and peribronchial nodules appeared with hydropneumothorax and abdominal or chest wall air bubbles. Cavitary change and bronchial dilatation began to be seen on CT scan at day 30 and this was mostly seen together with mediastinal lymphadenopathy at day 60. Thereafter, subpleural ground-glass opacities and nodules with or without cavitary changes were persistently observed until day 180. After cavitary change of the nodules, the migratory features of the subpleural or peribronchial nodules were seen on all the serial CT scans. Micro-CT showed that the cyst wall contained dilated interconnected tubular structures, which had communications with the cavity and the adjacent distal bronchus. CONCLUSION: The CT findings of paragonimiasis depend on the migratory stage of the worms. The worm cyst can have numerous interconnected tubular channels within its own wall and these channels have connections with the cavity and the adjacent distal bronchus.