无创正压通气在慢性阻塞性肺疾病所致严重呼吸衰竭机械通气脱机过程中的应用

目的：深入研究无创正压通气在慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）所致严重呼吸衰竭机械通气脱机过程中的应用价值。方法：治疗组：36例COPD合并严重呼吸衰竭患者入院后均需使用有创机械通气,模式PSV＋SIMV;待患者肺部感染控制窗出现,PSV水平降至11-12cmH20之间,拔出COPD患者气管内插管,然后改用无创正压通气（NIPPV）,按照患者呼吸频率改变PSV水平,待病情平稳后可继续降低PSV水平,在9cmH,O后可停用呼吸机。观察组：36例cOPD合并严重呼吸衰竭患者入院后均需进行有创机械通气进行治疗,待患者病情平稳,按照PSV方式脱机,PSV水平降低至5—8cmH,O时,进行拔管脱机。结果：治疗组患者住院时间和,总通气时间明显短于观察组,且VAP发生率明显低于观察组。结论-NIPPV可有效提高COPD患者严重呼吸衰竭机械通气脱机撤机成功率,缩短患者机械通气时间和住院时间,有利于降低患者VAP发生率和病死率。     

Effects of isoflavone-supplemented soy yogurt on lipid parameters and atherosclerosis development in hypercholesterolemic rabbits: a randomized double-blind study

Background  

There is increasing interest in natural treatments to control dyslipidemia and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of soy yogurt fermented with Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 and of dietary isoflavones on the lipid profile. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of isoflavone-supplemented soy yogurt, fermented with E. faecium CRL183, on lipid parameters and atherosclerosis development in rabbits with induced hypercholesterolemia.     

早孕期超声法判断双胎绒毛膜性的临床研究

目的:探讨早孕期采用2次超声法判断双胎绒毛膜性的临床价值。方法:选取33例在我院产科检查及分娩的双胎妊娠孕妇的临床资料。孕5~10周(早孕早期)进行第1次超声检查,判断双胎绒毛膜囊、羊膜囊数目;孕11~13周(早孕晚期)进行第2次超声检查,并参考第1次超声结果判断双胎绒毛膜囊、羊膜囊数目。比较早孕早期单次超声法和早孕期2次超声法判断双胎绒毛膜性的准确率。结果:33例双胎妊娠孕妇分娩后经胎盘病理检查,证实双绒毛膜囊双羊膜囊双胎者为20例,单绒毛膜囊双羊膜囊双胎者为11例,单绒毛膜囊单羊膜囊双胎者为2例。早孕早期单次超声法判断双胎绒毛膜性的准确率为78.78%(26/33),早孕期2次超声法判断双胎绒毛膜性准确率为93.93%(31/33)(P<0.05)。结论:早孕期2次超声法可弥补早孕早期单次超声法判断双胎绒毛膜性的不足,且具有更高的判断准确率。     

Risk of adverse maternal outcome following macrosomic birth in Nigeria

Objective: To determine the risk of adverse maternal outcome associated with obstetric intervention in labour.Methods:All cases of macrosomic births conducted at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital,Calabar,between January 1st 1994 and December 31st 2000 were reviewed.Measure of treatment/intervention effect was calculated as relative risk for adverse maternal outcome,using spontaneous vaginal births as control.Results:Frequency of mode of delivery was as follow: vaginal births,139(60.7%);instrumental vaginal deliveries,16(7%);and abdominal deliveries,74(32.3%).Obstetric intervention occurred in 90(39.3%) cases.Sixty-four(28%) cases did not book for antenatal care,with 42 cases(18.3%) requiring obstetric intervention.About one in every two parturients(1: 2.1) in this study,requiring obstetric intervention at delivery had been interfered with at unorthodox health facilities.Relative risks for postpartum haemorrhage,wound sepsis and paralytic ileus were significantly high in parturients with abdominal delivery;while in parturients with instrumental vaginal delivery relative risks were significantly high for puerperal sepsis,paralytic ileus and obstetric palsy.There were no maternal deaths.Conclusion:Obstetric intervention in parturients with macrosomic births was high due to labour complications;and was associated with significant risk for adverse maternal outcome,especially in parturients with unskilled interference.     

A review of the management of perforated duodenal ulcers at a tertiary hospital in south western Nigeria

Background

Gastro-duodenal perforations are common and may complicate peptic ulcer disease. Management is often by surgical closure.

Objective

To determine the patterns of presentation and mode of management of duodenal ulcer perforations.

Methods

Retrospective review of patients with duodenal ulcer perforations seen at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital between June 2001 and July 2011. Patients'' records were reviewed for demography, duration of disease, probable risk factors, type of surgery and complications. Data obtained was analyzed using SPSS 15.0.

Result

Forty- five patients were reviewed. There were 37 males (82.2%). Mean age was 39.7years (range 15–78years). There were 10 (22.6%) students and 8(17.8%) farmers. NSAIDs abuse (11), previous peptic ulcer disease (2), and no prior dyspeptic symptoms (20) constituted 24.4%, 4.4% and 44.4% respectively of cases. Seven (16%) patients presented less than 24 hours of onset of illness. Forty one perforations (91.1%) involved the first part of duodenum. Twenty two (49%) patients had Graham''s omental patch. We had one (2.2%) failed repair and six (13.3%) mortalities.

Conclusion

Late presentation of duodenal ulcer perforation is common with high mortality. Pragmatic surgical intervention with Graham''s omentopexy with broad spectrum antibiotics is still commonly practiced.     

Sonographic assessment of pregnancy co-existing with uterine leiomyoma in Owerri,Nigeria

Background

Uterine myomas co-existing with pregnancy could cause obstetric complications.

Objectives

To assess sonographically the frequency of occurrence and effect of uterine myomas co-existing with pregnancy.

Methods

A longitudinal study was conducted during a period of 23 months. A convenience sample of 816 consecutive consenting pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria was evaluated during routine prenatal ultrasound scan. The women were referred for prenatal sonography. One hundred of the subjects who had myoma co-existing with pregnancy and another 100 subjects without myoma were selected for follow-up. These groups were followed up till delivery and obstetric complications and outcomes were documented. Any changes in size and growth rate of myoma were documented.

Results

Subjects with myoma co-existing with pregnancy were 12.3%. This was commoner with increasing maternal age. An increase was observed in myoma mean size from 60mm to 63mm from the 1^st scan sequence to the 2^nd scan sequence and a reduction from 63mm to 59mm in the 3^rd scan sequence. Myoma growth rate was 0.667mm per week. Myomas in pregnancy especially large ones caused more complications during delivery when compared to pregnancies without myomas.

Conclusion

Routine sonography is important in pregnancy management of uterine myomas co-existing with pregnancy.     

胰岛素强化治疗在2型糖尿病骨折患者围手术期的应用

目的 探讨骨折合并2型糖尿病患者围手术期控制血糖的最佳方法.方法 2型糖尿病骨折患者随机分为胰岛素泵治疗组(CSII组,n=10,门冬胰岛素)、甘精胰岛素治疗组(GA组,n=20,门冬胰岛素+甘精胰岛素)与重组人胰岛素N治疗组(NA组,n=20,门冬胰岛素+重组人胰岛素N),比较3组患者空腹和餐后2 h血糖、血糖波动、所需胰岛素剂量、血糖达标时间、低血糖和黎明现象及感染发生例数、平均拆线时间、平均住院天数.结果 治疗后CSII组、GA组和NA组空腹血糖[(6.32±1.18)、(6.25±0.88)、(7.44±1.36)mmol/L]和餐后2 h血糖[(7.72±1.53)、(7.32±1.17)、(8.52±0.76)mmol/L]、所需胰岛素剂量[(35.40±1.60)、(36.20±0.80)、(40.50±2.40)IU]、血糖波动状况、血糖达标时间、低血糖和黎明现象及感染发生率、平均拆线时间、平均住院时间各项指标相比较,CSII、GA组明显低于NA组(P<0.05),而CSII组与GA组间无显著差异,但GA组更经济、实用.结论 胰岛素泵持续皮下注射和甘精胰岛素联合门冬胰岛素方案能迅速、有效、安全、平稳地控制全天血糖,是2型糖尿病骨折患者围手术期控制血糖强化治疗的首选方案.     

胰岛素强化治疗在2型糖尿病骨折患者围手术期的应用

Objective To investigate the best way to control the blood sugar level during the perioperation of bone fracture patients with type 2 diabetes(T2DM).Methods Bone fracture patients with T2DM were randomly divided into three groups:continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion group(insulin aspart,group CSII,n=20),glargine treatment group(insulin aspart+insulin glargine,group GA,n=20),and NPH treatment(insulin aspart+rh-insulin,group NA,n=20).The levels of fasting plasma glucose(FPG)and the 2 hours postprandial glucose(2h PG),blood glucose fluctuation(BGF),insulin dosage(ID),good effective time(GET),incidence of hypoglycemia,dawn phenomenon and infection,average time of stitches removal(ATSR),average hospitalized length(AHL)of three groups were compared.Results FPG and 2hPG,ID in group CSII[(6.32±1.18)mmol/L,(7.72±1.53)mmol/L,(35.40±1.60)IU]and group GA [(6.25±0.88)mmol/L,(7.32±1.17)mmol/L,(36.20±0.80)IU]were significantly lower than those of group NA [(7.44±1.36)mmol/L,(8.52±0.76)mmol/L,(40.50±2.40)IU,all P<0.05],simulaneously,BGF,GET incidence of complications,ATSR,AHL of group CSII and GA were significantly lower than those of group NA(all P<0.05).There were not significant difference between group CSII and group GA.Compared with group CSII,group GA had less costs in-hospital and better practicability.Conclusion Both CSII and insulin glargine combined with insulin aspart can effectively,safely,rapidly and stablely control hyperglycemia.and might be the first choice to control blood sugar for bone fracture patients with T2DM in perioperation.     

妊娠糖尿病孕妇血液指标及妊娠结局分析

目的：观察妊娠糖尿病孕妇血液指标变化及妊娠结局。方法：选取2011年6月-2012年11月在本院检查并分娩的全部妊娠糖尿病孕妇（妊娠糖尿病组）共163例,另随机选取在本院检查并分娩的正常孕妇163例（OGTT试验阴性）作为对照组,对比分析两组孕妇血液指标及妊娠结局。结果：随访326例孕妇的血液指标及妊娠结局,妊娠糖尿病组甘油三酯、谷丙转氨酶、新生儿出生体重、子痫发病率较正常孕妇组高（P〈0.05）;正常孕妇组孕妇贫血发病率高于妊娠糖尿病组（P〈0.05）;血液胆固醇、尿酸、谷草转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶及分娩周数、妊娠高血压、妊娠期肝功能受损、妊娠肝内胆汁淤积综合征、胎盘功能不良、胎膜早破、新生儿窒息、早产、新生儿先天性心脏病、妊娠合并血小板减少症等两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：妊娠糖尿病对孕妇及妊娠结局有影响,应加强妊娠糖尿病营养宣教及饮食指导,妊娠糖尿病孕妇应严格控制好血糖,改善妊娠结局。     

北京社区2型糖尿病患者血脂异常情况分析：北京社区糖尿病研究8

目的了解北京社区2型糖尿病患者血脂异常状况。方法选择2008年8月至2009年7月北京三甲医院与15个城区社区联合开展糖尿病纵向管理项目基线数据库中的3316例2型糖尿病患者,分析其血脂情况。血脂异常的诊断根据2007年中国成人血脂异常防治指南。结果①3316例中男性1329例,女性1987例,平均年龄（65±10）岁。75．6％（2506／3316）患者至少有一种血脂异常,其中男性72．5％（964／1329）,女性77．6％（1542／1987）;②高TG血症、高Tc血症的患病率分别为41．9％（1388／3316）、48．1％（1595／3316）,31．5％（1043／3316）患者LDL－C水平升高,21．2％（703／3316）患者HDL－C水平降低;血脂异常患者中已接受降脂药治疗者575例（22．9％）,有血脂异常史者1393例TG、总TC、LDL－C和HDL-C的达标率分别为48．0％（669／1393）、17．4％（242／1393）、30．9％（430／1393）和75．8％（1056／1393）;③血脂异常组患者BMI、腰围、血压、血糖、糖化血红蛋白及尿酸水平均较高;④超重、血糖控制未达标组有较高的血脂异常患病率,分别为79．0％（1678／2125）、78．9％（1756／2227）;⑤回归分析显示,血脂异常与性别、年龄、糖化血红蛋白、BMI均相关。结论北京社区2型糖尿病患者血脂异常患病率较高,血脂异常人群中接受降脂药物治疗率很低。血脂异常与年龄、BMI及糖化血红蛋白均有关。对社区2型糖尿病患者除控制血糖外,还应重视脂代谓十紊乱。