Xanthone glycosides from Polygala tenuifolia and their conformational analyses

Seven xanthone glycosides were isolated from the cortexes of Polygala tenuifolia, and their structures were identified as polygalaxanthones VIII-XI (1-4), sibiricoxanthone B (5), 7-O-methylmangiferin (6), and lancerin (7), on the basis of spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 1-4 are new xanthone glycosides, and compounds 4 and 5 exist as rotamers. To explain this phenomenon, conformational analyses were performed on compounds 4 and 5 and other compounds with similar skeletons that were isolated from P. tenuifolia.     

扶桑花抗生育成分对早孕小鼠黄体影响的定量研究

本文处用图像分析仪 ,以核浆比和数密度为指标 ,研究了不同浓度的扶桑花提取物—HR 1对早孕小鼠黄本组织学的影响。结果表明 :(1)小鼠黄体细胞的核浆比和数密度 ,随给药剂量 (0、 4、 10、 10 0、10 0 0mg/kg/d)的增加而增加 ,其中 10 0和 10 0 0mg/kg/d两组的黄体细胞核浆比和数密度明显高于对照组(p <0 .0 5) ;(2 )黄体组织学的定性观察显示 ,给药各组的黄体细胞明显退化 ,细胞缩小 ,细胞界限不清。这些结果提示 ,扶桑花提取物的抗早孕作用与妊娠黄体受损有关。     

安罗替尼治疗四肢韧带样纤维瘤有效性和安全性的回顾性研究

目的:评估安罗替尼在四肢韧带样纤维瘤(desmoid-type fibromatosis,DF)患者治疗中的有效性和安全性.方法:回顾性分析2019年1月至2020年4月于四川大学华西医院接受安罗替尼治疗的26例四肢DF患者的临床及随访资料.结果:26例患者均定期随访,中位随访时间为14(11.75～16)个月.随访期...     

Biomaterial-based platforms for cancer stem cell enrichment and study

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a relatively rare subpopulation of tumor cell with self-renewal and tumorigenesis capabilities. CSCs are associated with cancer recurrence, progression, and chemoradiotherapy resistance. Establishing a reliable platform for CSC enrichment and study is a prerequisite for understanding the characteristics of CSCs and discovering CSC-related therapeutic strategies. Certain strategies for CSC enrichment have been used in laboratory, particularly fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and mammosphere culture. However, these methods fail to recapitulate the in vivo chemical and physical conditions in tumors, thus potentially decreasing the malignancy of CSCs in culture and yielding unreliable research results. Accumulating research suggests the promise of a biomaterial-based three-dimensional (3D) strategy for CSC enrichment and study. This strategy has an advantage over conventional methods in simulating the tumor microenvironment, thus providing a more effective and predictive model for CSC laboratory research. In this review, we first briefly discuss the conventional methods for CSC enrichment and study. We then summarize the latest advances and challenges in biomaterial-based 3D CSC platforms. Design strategies for materials, morphology, and chemical and physical cues are highlighted to provide direction for the future construction of platforms for CSC enrichment and study.     

经尿道射精管切开术治疗射精管梗阻的效果(附60例报告)

目的：探讨经尿道射精管切开术（transurethral resection of ejaculatory duct, TURED）治疗射精管梗阻（ejaculatory duct obstruction, EDO）的效果。方法：2004年10月至2010年10月期间收治60例EDO患者,常规采用精液分析、精浆果糖和经直肠超声检查对其进行诊断,必要时行输精管造影检查。60例EDO患者均行TURED治疗,术后随访其疗效。结果：60例EDO患者的精液量为0.2~3.5 mL,平均(1.10±0.76) mL,pH值5.8~7.6,平均6.5±1.4;精浆果糖为一次射精0~51.4 μmol,平均为(5.86±2.19) μmol。经直肠超声检查结果为：单纯射精管扩张者15例,前列腺囊肿6例,单纯双侧精囊扩张10例,单侧精囊扩张4例,精囊扩张并射精管扩张10例,精囊扩张合并前列腺囊肿5例,单侧精囊扩张并对侧精囊发育不良或缺乏2例,精囊扩张并射精管扩张和钙化3例,单侧精囊扩张并射精管扩张和对侧精囊发育不良或缺乏5例。所有患者均完成手术,术后随访6~78个月。60例EDO患者行TURED术后,51例(85.0%)精液检查有不同程度的改善,16例(26.7%)妻子妊娠。结论：TURED是治疗EDO的一种简单、微创和有效的方法。     

黄芩甙大鼠小肠吸收的研究

本文作者对文献介绍的大鼠在体小肠回流实验装置进行了改进,并用来研究黄芩甙的吸收情况和胆管结扎与不结扎对黄芩甙吸收的影响。胆管结扎与不结扎的药动学参数为:平均吸收半衰期分别是15.45h~(-1)、11.42h~(-1)。最终吸收程度依次是24.44%,31.58%。经方差分析两者无显著差异(F<5.3)。     

Study on the Actuating Performance of an Embedded Macro Fiber Composite Considering the Shear Lag Effect

Macro fiber composite (MFC), which are new ultrathin piezoelectric smart materials, are mostly applied in the fields of shell structure deformation and vibration control. Among others, the application of embedded MFCs in sandwich structures has received wide attention. Currently, its actuating force formula is primarily acquired based on the Bernoulli–Euler Model, which does not consider the shear lag effect and actuating force of MFC ends. To study the actuating performance of an MFC in a sandwich structure, according to its action characteristics, the MFC is divided into upper and lower actuating units without any interaction between to two under the condition of plane strain, and the shear lag effect is considered between the units and the top and bottom of the sandwich structure. The actuating force of the MFC ends is obtained by considering its influence on the bending deformation of the sandwich structure, which deduces the actuating force formula of the embedded MFC. In contrast to ANSYS piezoelectric simulation, the distribution of the MFC interior normal stress is similar to the result from ANSYS piezoelectric simulation, and there is a very small deviation between the MFC end and central normal stress and the result from ANSYS piezoelectric simulation. Taking the end deflection of the sandwich structure with an embedded MFC as an example, the actuating force simulation of the MFC considering the shear lag effect is compared with the ANSYS piezoelectric simulation and actuating force simulation based on the Bernoulli–Euler model. The result indicates that the actuating force simulation of the MFC considering the shear lag effect is closer to the ANSYS piezoelectric simulation, which proves the rationality and necessity of considering the shear lag effect and end actuating force of the MFC.     

Changes in the spectrum of kidney diseases: a survey of 2803 patients from 2010 to 2018 at a single center in southeastern China

Primary glomerular disease was the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in China; however, changes in the economy and environment introduce variations in the spectrum of kidney diseases. This study aimed to analyze renal biopsy data to inform disease prevention and public health interventions. In this retrospective cohort study, data from 2,803 consecutive renal biopsies conducted at our center between January 2010 and December 2018 were analyzed. The sample was disaggregated by age and the date of biopsy to facilitate analysis. Primary glomerulonephritis (PGN) is the most frequent (81.84%) finding, followed by secondary glomerulonephritis (SGN; 15.38%), tubulointerstitial nephritis (15.38%), and others (1.57%). IgA nephropathy (IgAN), idiopathic membranous nephropathy (iMN), and minimal change disease were the primary causes of PGN. Among PGN cases, the incidence of iMN arose, especially among those aged ≥ 60 years old, during the observation period. Contrary to the case of iMN, the proportion of IgAN in PGN trended downward, continuously, and at length. Moreover, IgAN mainly affected those aged 25–44 years old and less so those aged ≥ 60 years old. Lupus nephritis, Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis, and diabetic nephropathy (DN) were key causes of SGN. A ratio reversal between infectious disease and chronic disease dramatically changed SGN patterns. In the past year, the incidence of hepatitis B–related nephritis has constantly declined; however, the proportion of DN among SGN had steadily increased. The incidence of iMN significantly increased during these years. Among SGN cases, the proportion of DN has increased.     

Cerebral Complications of Snakebite Envenoming: Case Studies

There are an estimated 5.4 million snakebite cases every year. People with snakebite envenoming suffer from severe complications, or even death. Although some review articles cover several topics of snakebite envenoming, a review of the cases regarding cerebral complications, especially rare syndromes, is lacking. Here, we overview 35 cases of snakebite by front-fanged snakes, including Bothrops, Daboia, Cerastes, Deinagkistrodon, Trimeresurus, and Crotalus in the Viperidae family; Bungarus and Naja in the Elapidae family, and Homoroselaps (rare cases) in the Lamprophiidae family. We also review three rare cases of snakebite by rear-fanged snakes, including Oxybelis and Leptodeira in the Colubridae family. In the cases of viper bites, most patients (17/24) were diagnosed with ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage, leading to six deaths. We then discuss the potential underlying molecular mechanisms that cause these complications. In cases of elapid bites, neural, cardiac, and ophthalmic disorders are the main complications. Due to the small amount of venom injection and the inability to deep bite, all the rear-fanged snakebites did not develop any severe complications. To date, antivenom (AV) is the most effective therapy for snakebite envenoming. In the six cases of viper and elapid bites that did not receive AV, three cases (two by viper and one by elapid) resulted in death. This indicates that AV treatment is the key to survival after a venomous snakebite. Lastly, we also discuss several studies of therapeutic agents against snakebite-envenoming-induced complications, which could be potential adjuvants along with AV treatment. This article organizes the diagnosis of hemotoxic and neurotoxic envenoming, which may help ER doctors determine the treatment for unidentified snakebite.     

胎儿咽-食管肌层α-平滑肌肌动蛋白,肌球蛋白重链Ⅱ、Ⅲ表达的三维分布

目的:探讨胎儿咽、食管肌层中α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-smouth muscle actin,α-SMA)、肌球蛋白重链Ⅱ(myosin heary chain-Ⅱ、MHC-Ⅱ)、MHC-Ⅰ表达及其空间分布。方法:采用免疫组织化学SABC法及蛋白印迹法对20例胎儿咽、食管的α-SMA、MHC-Ⅰ、MHC-Ⅱ表达进行观察。结果:MHC-Ⅱ和MHC-Ⅰ共定位食管上、中段肌层,并主要表达在外部纵行肌,由上至下逐渐减少,至食管下段消失。而α-SMA则在食管上端内层肌开始表达,呈环行排列,由上至下逐渐增加,并由内肌层扩展到外肌层。结论:α-SMA、MHC-Ⅰ、MHC-Ⅱ共存于胎儿食管上中段,骨骼肌和平滑肌的移行呈渐进性,无明确界线。