乳果糖灌肠对梗阻性黄疸术后早期血清内毒素和肝功能的影响简

目的：探讨乳果糖灌肠对梗阻性黄疸术后早期血清内毒素和肝功能的影响。方法选择2009年8月～2013年8月我科因急性结石性胆道梗阻行手术治疗病人120例,随机分为乳果糖灌肠组和对照组,各60例。乳果糖灌肠组采用乳果糖口服液60ml＋0．9％氯化钠液60ml保留灌肠。对照组采用0．9％氯化钠液120ml保留灌肠。动态评估术后血清内毒素和肝功能的变化情况。结果术前及术后第1d两组血清内毒素水平和肝功能各项指标比较无显著性差异（P＞0．05）;乳果糖灌肠组血清内毒素水平术后第3d和第5d明显低于对照组,有显著性差异（P＜0．05）;乳果糖灌肠组血清内毒素水平第3d起明显低于入院时水平（P＜0．05）;对照组血清内毒素水平第5d起低于入院时水平（P＜0．05）。乳果糖灌肠组肝功能各项指标改善显著优于对照组（P＜0．05）。结论乳果糖灌肠可降低梗阻性黄疸术后早期血清内毒素水平,并明显改善肝功能。     

自体骨粉移植修复下颌骨部分缺损的组织学检测

目的:通过动物实验进行组织学光镜及扫描电镜检测,观察自体骨粉移植修复下颌骨缺损的愈合过程。方法:实验于2005-05/11在南方医科大学动物实验中心完成,选用12只健康雄性大耳白兔。实验分为两组:一侧为自体骨粉移植组,另一侧为空白对照组,均采用自体左右对照。①缺损模型建立:于双侧下颌骨体部下缘用磨削机器各造成1.0×1.0cm的全层骨缺损。②自体骨粉移植:将所有自体骨粉回填一侧缺损处作为自体骨粉移植组,另一侧缺损旷置作为空白对照组。③分别于术后2,4及8周各处死4只动物,获取整块下颌骨标本作组织学光镜及扫描电镜检测,光镜切片应用苏木精-伊红染色,扫描电镜只观察自体骨粉移植组标本。结果:12只大耳白兔均进入结果分析,无脱失。①两组标本组织学观察结果:自体骨粉移植组术后2周时形成薄层骨痂;4周时为新生的骨小梁,但排列紊乱;8周时骨小梁形成的编织骨已逐渐向板层骨过渡。空白对照组术后8周时骨小梁分布仍稀疏。②自体骨粉移植组标本超微结构观察结果:术后4周骨基质钙化程度提高,大量成骨细胞位于骨陷窝内。缺损间隙逐渐变窄形成多孔较疏松的新骨组织,新生骨小梁形成,新骨超微结构呈“蜂窝状”。8周时骨小梁钙化程度继续升高,形成的板状骨排列出现一定方向性,新生骨组织由多孔疏松的结构向致密性结构转化,新原骨组织基本上融为一体产生骨性结合,髓腔相通。结论:自体骨粉移植修复下颌骨成骨可靠,愈合加快,愈合方式以骨传导爬行替代为主,且应用方法简便。     

Pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, and cervical emphysema following mandibular fractures

Subcutaneous emphysema of the neck and pneumomediastinum following facial trauma in the absence of neck, chest, or abdominal injuries is a rare entity. A case report of bilateral cervical subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax, and pneumomediastinum secondary to mandibular fractures is presented. The anatomic mechanism of injury, diagnosis, and treatment modalities are discussed.     

Dural infolding during C1-2 myelography

Inward buckling of the dura at C1-2 may occasionally occur with hyperextension of the neck and can result in a difficult or unsuccessful puncture when the posterior lateral C1-2 approach is used for cervical myelography. In this circumstance, placement of the head in a neutral or slightly flexed position may widen the posterior subarachnoid space and facilitate the needle puncture.     

宜昌地区精神疾病流行学调查

本文介绍了宜昌地区１０００个居民户（城乡各５００户）３４０８人中精神疾病的流行学调查结果。精神疾病总患病率为１８．１９‰。本次调查还增用ＣＣＭＤ－Ⅲ，阴性症状量表，生活事件量表。对调查出的精神发育迟滞病例分别进行修定韦氏智力测定。此外，还进行了精神残疾和智力残疾评定，就宜昌地区开展精神病防治工作提出了建设性的意见。     

术中B型超声检查对胰岛素瘤定位诊断的价值

目的：探讨术中Ｂ型超声检查（ＩＯＵＳ）对胰岛素瘤定位诊断的价值。方法：１９９０年１月～２０００年１０月我院共收治胰岛素瘤３２例,均采用ＩＯＵＳ进行胰岛素瘤定位及指导手术。结果：术中触摸定位胰岛素瘤病灶２７例（８４．４％）,ＩＯＵＳ定位３１例（９６．９％）。结论：ＩＯＵＳ能准确定位胰岛素瘤,并显示肿瘤与重要结构（如胆总管、胰管及重要血管等）的毗邻关系。ＩＯＵＳ不仅提高手术成功率,避免了不必要的盲目胰腺切除,并由此降低手术并发症的发生率。     

Cyclooxygenase-2 promotes angiogenesis by increasing vascular endothelial growth factor and predicts prognosis in gallbladder carcinoma

AIM: To investigate the relationships between the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the degree of vascularization, clinicopathologic feature, survival time of patients with gallbladder carcinomas. METHODS: Sixty-four gallbladder carcinoma specimens were evaluated for COX-2, VEGF expression by immunohi stochemical methods. Microvessel counts (MVC) were determined using CD34. The relationships between COX-2, VEGF expression, CD34-stained MVC, clinicopathologic features and survival time were analyzed. The correlations between COX-2 and VEGF expression, CD34-stained MVC were also investigated. RESULTS: COX-2, VEGF immunoreactivity were observed in 71.9% (46/64) and 54.7% (35/64) specimens, respectively. The average MVC in 64 cases of gallbladder carcinoma was 57±14 per high power vision field. The status of MVC was closely correlated with Nevin staging, tumor differentiation and lymph node metastasis (P<0.01, 0.002, and 0.003, 0.000, respectively). Increased VEGF expression was significantly correlated with tumor differentiation (poorly and moderately>well differentiated, P<0.05, P = 0.016). Clinical stages had no relation with the expression of VEGF (P>0.05, P = 0.612). There was a positive correlation between COX-2 expression and clinical stages. The positive rate of COX-2 was higher in cases of Nevin stages S4-S5 (81.8%) than in those of Nevin stages S1-S3 (50.0%) with a statistical significance (P0.01, P = 0.009). The expression of COX-2 did not vary with differentiation (P>0.05, P= 0.067). Statistically significant differences were also observed according to lymph node metastasis, COX-2 expression and VEGF expression (P<0.01,0.000, and 0.001, respectively). There was no relation between VEGF, COX-2 expression, MVC and the age and sex of patients. MVC and VEGF positive rate in the COX-2 positive gallbladder carcinoma tissue was higher than that in the COX-2 negative tissue (P<0.05, 0.000, and 0.032, respectively). Patients with VEGF, COX-2 positive tumors had a significantly shorter survival time than those with negative tumors (P<0.05,0.004, 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION: Augmented tumor neovascularization induced by VEGF may be one of the several effects of COX-2 responsible for poor prognosis of human gallbladder carcinoma. COX-2 inhibitor, either in combination therapy with other agents, or for chemoprevention, may be effective via suppression of angiogenesis in this fatal disease.     

基于GC-TOF-MS代谢组学研究黄连解毒汤对大鼠粪便代谢的影响＊

目的 通过GC-TOF-MS代谢组学探讨不同剂量的黄连解毒汤对SD大鼠粪便代谢组的影响，进而为黄连解毒汤的作用机制提供参考。方法 SD大鼠45只适应性喂养7天后，随机分为5组：黄连解毒汤高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组、抗生素组和空白组，每组9只。中药干预组不同剂量黄连解毒汤灌胃，1 mL/次，2次/天，连续给药21天；抗生素组，1 mL/次，2次/天；空白组生理盐水灌胃，1 mL/次，2次/天，连续给药21天；末次给药后，禁食禁水12 h，处死并收集大鼠粪便。采用气相色谱-飞行时间质谱（Gas Chromatography Tandem Time-of Flight Mass Spectrometry，GC-TOF-MS）检测各组大鼠粪便，运用多元分析OPLS以及单变量统计学方法筛选差异代谢物，通过MetaboAnalyst平台进行代谢通路分析。结果 对于粪便中的内源性代谢物小分子，高剂量组的黄连解毒汤影响的主要有：核糖、硫酸、棕榈酸、花生酸、茜素等；中剂量组的黄连解毒汤影响的主要有：乌头酸、胆固醇、乳酸、棕榈油酸、茜素等；低剂量组的黄连解毒汤影响的主要有：硫酸、棉子糖；氨苄西林钠影响的主要有：蛋氨酸1、麦角固醇、正亮氨酸1、棕榈酸、硫酸、乳酸等；不同剂量的黄连解毒汤和氨苄西林钠都能够影响到半乳糖代谢及硫代谢通路。结论 黄连解毒汤可改善糖尿病和心脑血管疾病相关的代谢物小分子，不同剂量的黄连解毒汤对粪便代谢的影响不同，其中中剂量的影响最为广泛。     

糖尿病合并抑郁病人的临床干预研究

[目的]了解糖尿病合并抑郁的患病率，探讨糖尿病与抑郁之间影响因素及联合干预（糖尿病教育、心理咨询与治疗和抗抑郁药物）的效果。[方法]应用抑郁自评量表（SDS）对158例糖尿病住院病人进行调查评定，并对相关因素进行分析，将筛选出的54例糖尿病合并抑郁病人随机分为对照组和干预组，对照组采用现有传统健康教育手段进行护理，干预组进行联合干预措施，进行为期1年的随访研究。[结果]糖尿病病人合并抑郁患病率为34．18％，高于正常人群，发生与女性、文化程度低、体重指数≥25k．g／m^2、高血糖、慢性并发症增加密切相关。干预1年后，干预组SDS评分明显低于对照组（P〈0．01），且血糖明显降低，病人满意度提高（P〈0．01）。[结论]糖尿病病人有较高的抑郁症状发生率，联合干预可改善糖尿病病人的抑郁症状及糖代谢情况。