Cloning and expression of the fusion protein of interleukin-2 and ESAT6 in Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette Guérin strain

Tuberculosis(TB)isthemostcommoncauseofdeathininfectiousdiseases; itisestimatedthatapproximately2millionpeopleperyeardieofTB ThepresentavailableTBvaccineisaliveattenuatedstrain,MycobacteriumbovisBacillusCalmetteGuérin (BCG) However, ithasbeenshownthatBCGhasvariableprotectiveefficacy, rangingfrom 0 to85% indifferentclinicalexperiments 1 Therefore, anewTBvaccineisurgentlyneeded Manytrialshavebeendonetodevelopthesecond generationTBvaccinesinrecentyears; candidatesincludeavirulent, auxotro…     

远端缺血后适应通过抑制RAGE的表达实现对心肌的保护作用

目的：探讨晚期糖基化终末产物受体（receptor for advanced glycation end products,RAGE）在远端缺血后适应改善心肌缺血再灌注中的作用。方法：将34只8~9周龄C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为6组：假手术组（Sham组）、FPS?ZM1对照组（FZM1组）、缺血再灌注组（IR组）、FPS?ZM1干预组（FZM1+IR组）、远端缺血后适应组（RIPostC+IR组）和FZM1+远端缺血后适应干预组（FZM1+RIPostC+IR组）。通过结扎左冠状动脉,建立小鼠心肌缺血再灌注模型。采用小鼠心超仪检测小鼠左室射血分数（left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF）和左室缩短分数（left ventricular fractional shortening,LVFS）,运用酶联免疫分析（ELISA）法和蛋白印迹法检测炎症因子白介素6（interleukin 6,IL?6）、核因子（nudear factor,NF)?κB P65蛋白、RAGE蛋白。结果：①与IR组相比,RIPostC能显著增加LVEF（P < 0.01）和LVFS（P < 0.01）。②与IR组相比,RIPostC能显著降低RAGE（P < 0.001）的表达。③与IR组相比,RIPostC能显著减少NF?κB P65（P < 0.001）和IL?6（P < 0.001）的表达。结论：RIPostC对心肌缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用。该作用可能通过抑制RAGE的表达进而降低炎性反应而实现。     

Detection of the proliferated donor cells in bone grafts in rats, using a PCR for a Y-chromosome-specific gene

Conventional corticocancellous bone grafts are known to revascularize gradually and to become repopulated with osteocytes and other types of cells. This study was conducted to study the origin of the cells found within conventional bone grafts as a function of time, using a new method which accurately identifies donor cells transplanted with the graft. The technique requires the transplantation of a 25-mm tibial diaphyseal bone graft from a male rat to a female isogenous recipient, placed anatomically in the tibia. The presence and relative proportion of cells containing the Y-chromosome (i.e., originating from the bone graft) was determined 4, 8, and 12 weeks after transplantation. At these times, genomic DNA was extracted from the grafted bones and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) specific for the sex-determining region of the Y-chromosome (Sry) was performed, with appropriate controls. Sry-specific bands were evident in none out of three grafts at 4 weeks, two out of three at 8 weeks, and all grafts at 12 weeks. These data demonstrate that not all cells within a conventional graft result from "creeping substitution" of necrotic bone. Instead, a small number of intrinsic cells from a nonvascularized corticocancellous structural graft survive and proliferate over time. Received: June 19, 2001 / Accepted: October 30, 2001     

丹酚酸B和高氧液对兔肢体缺血再灌注损伤代谢酶的影响

目的探讨高氧液和丹酚酸B对肢体缺血再灌注损伤的影响。方法选用健康新西兰家兔24只,随机分为4组,在缺血前从耳缘静脉推注等量的生理盐水(A组)、高氧液(B组)、丹酚酸B(C组)或高氧液加丹酚酸B(D组),夹阻股动静脉,建立肢体缺血再灌注损伤模型,在缺血前和再灌注4h抽血检测LDH、CK,取腓肠肌作LDH酶组织化学染色。结果再灌注4h,血清肌酸激酶活性较前明显升高,高氧液和丹酚酸B可以抑制其升高(P0.01),两者有协同作用(P=0.05);血清乳酸脱氢酶活性较前明显升高,高氧液和丹酚酸B可以抑制其升高(P0.01),两者有协同作用(P0.01)。LDH酶组织化学显色见:相对于对照组其他组组织织LDH酶活性较低,以联合用药组最低。结论高氧液和丹酚酸B对缺血再灌注损伤起预防作用,而且两者有协同作用。     

三金片辅助治疗慢性前列腺炎的疗效观察

目的 了解三金片在辅助治疗慢性前列腺炎的临床疗效.方法 将120例前列腺炎患者随机分为4组:三金片组30例,给予三金片口服治疗;舍尼通组30例,给予舍尼通治疗;联合治疗组30例,给予三金片及舍尼通联合治疗;对照组30例,给予前列康及氟哌酸治疗,比较分析四组症状缓解情况.结果 三金片组总有效率70.00%,联合治疗组总有效率86.67%,对照组总有效率40.00%.单独使用或联合运用三金片组与对照组、舍尼通组相比,总有效率明显升高,差异有统计学意义(x2=4.27,p＜o.05;x2=6.53,p＜0.01).结论 三金片辅助治疗慢性前列腺炎有助于改善患者的症状.     

Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among patients receiving clozapine

OBJECTIVE: This study compared the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among outpatients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder receiving clozapine with a matched comparison group from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. METHOD: Ninety-three outpatients and a matched group of 2,701 comparison subjects were compared according to National Cholesterol Education Program criteria. Outpatient data were obtained through physical assessments, laboratory testing, and reviews of medical records. RESULTS: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was significantly higher among clozapine patients (53.8%) than among the comparison group (20.7%). For clozapine patients, logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations with age, body mass index, and duration of clozapine treatment. Only age and body mass index were associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Patients receiving clozapine are at significantly increased risk for developing the metabolic syndrome. Psychiatrists and other providers should consider performing regular physical health monitoring to prevent long-term adverse health consequences.     

Injury and pre-hospital trauma care in Hanoi, Vietnam

BACKGROUND: In Vietnam, injury is the leading cause of death in children under 18, and road traffic accidents are the fifth leading cause of death. Information systems for pre-hospital trauma care are insufficient. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess injury morbidity and mortality, and the existing level of pre-hospital trauma care in Hanoi city. RESEARCH DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in seven districts in Hanoi in 2006. We studied 2800 households (11,334 members), 9 hospitals and an emergency service centre. RESULTS: The injury morbidity rate was 1134/100,000 (year(-1)), and the injury mortality rate was 23.7/100,000 (year(-1)). There was no significant difference in age or sex between injury severity levels (p>0.05). Road traffic accidents were the leading cause of injury. Causes of injury mortality differed among different age groups. Only 4% of injured cases were transported to hospital by ambulance. Fifty-two percent of victims did not receive first aid at the site. Pre-hospital trauma care was separately provided by the emergency service centre and hospitals. There was no communication network between the emergency service centre and hospitals, ambulances and hospitals, or between different hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: The results reveal that injury is a major health problem in Hanoi and that the pre-hospital care system lacks both coordination and many vital components. Study results may assist decision-makers in identifying interventions to improve health and safety for the population of Hanoi.     

Does stone dimension affect the effectiveness of ureteroscopic lithotripsy in distal ureteral stones?

Objective To investigate whether stone dimension is a restrictive factor for ureterorenoscopic procedures. Materials and methods A group of 416 patients who had undergone ureterorenoscopic pneumatic lithotripsy (URS-PL) for lower ureteral stones between January 1999 and June 2006 in our clinic had been evaluated retrospectively. Two hundred and seventy (270, 64.9%) patients were men and 146 (35.1%) were women. The mean age of the patients was 36.61 (±12.43) years. Patients were grouped according to stone dimension; 193 patients with stones smaller than 1 cm being group 1 and 223 patients with stones ≥1 cm in dimension being group 2. Stone-free rate, operative time and rate of complications of the groups were compared. Pearson’s correlation test, χ² test, Fischer’s exact test and Student’s t-test were used for the statistical analysis. The p value was accepted as being meaningful if p < 0.05. Results For group 1, the mean operative time was 39.19 (±18.33) min. Proximal stone migration in five and false passage formation in three patients was observed. Three patients were stone-free after a second session of URS-PL. The cumulative stone-free rate was 97.4% (188/193). For group 2, the mean operative time was 48.5 (±11.31) min. About 208 (93.27%) patients were stone-free after the first session and an additional eight patients became stone-free after the second session of URS-PL. False passage, ureteral perforation, ureteral avulsion and stricture were observed in four, six, one and one patients, respectively. No proximal stone migration was observed. The cumulative stone-free rate was 96.86% (216/223). Conclusions The effectiveness of ureterorenoscopy (URS) in the treatment of distal ureteral stones was independent of stone dimension. However, the operative time was longer and the rate of perforation was higher in stones with a diameter ≥1 cm. On the other hand, the migration rate was higher in stones <1 cm in diameter. Generally speaking, there was no meaningful effect of stone dimension on complication rates.     

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure performed with the da Vinci robot system: is it worth it?

BACKGROUND: The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure (RYGBP) is in many countries the gold standard for obtaining long-lasting weight reduction and improvement of obesity-related comorbidities. However, performing this operation by standard laparoscopic techniques requires important surgical skills because of the anastomoses involved. The da Vinci surgical robot system with its enhanced degrees of freedom in motion and three-dimensional vision is designed to overcome the difficulties encountered in traditional laparoscopic surgery with suturing and delicate tissue handling. METHODS: For this study, 45 patients (9 men) with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 44.2 (range, 35.1-55.4) underwent RYGBP with the aid of the da Vinci robot system. They were compared with 45 consecutive patients with a mean BMI of 43.9 (range, 35.1-56.2) who underwent a laparoscopic RYGBP by the same surgeon during the same period. RESULTS: Overall, the total operating time was shorter for the laparoscopic cases (127 vs 212 min; p < 0.05). However, the last 10 robotic cases were performed in the same time span as the laparoscopic cases (136 vs 127 min). The total robotic setup time remained constant at about 30 min. There were no differences in postoperative complications between the two groups in terms of anastomotic leakage or stenosis. In the robotic group, more conversions to open surgery were noted. Early in the study, four patients (9%) had to undergo conversion to standard laparoscopic techniques due to inadequate setup of the robotic arms. Five patients (11%), however, had to undergo conversion to open surgery because of intestinal laceration during manipulation of the intestines with the robotic instruments. The costs were higher for robotic surgery than for standard laparoscopic RYGBP, mainly because of the extra equipment used, such as ultrasonic devices. CONCLUSION: The RYGBP procedure can be performed safely with the da Vinci robot after a learning curve of about 35 cases. At this writing, however, it is not clear whether the da Vinci system offers a real advantage over standard laparoscopic techniques.