一种可生物降解温度敏感型聚乙二醇-聚己内酯-聚乙二醇水凝胶的合成和表征

合成了一系列分子量较低的聚乙二醇．聚己内酯-聚乙二醇（Poly（ethylene glycol）-Polycaprolactone-Poly（ethylene glycol），PEG-PCL—PEG）三嵌段共聚物。分别采用FTIR和1H—NMR对其结构进行了表征。所合成的PEG-PCL-PEG共聚物具有良好的水溶性，当水溶液浓度高于临界凝胶浓度（Critical gel concentration，CGC）时，随着温度的变化聚合物水溶液会呈现特有的凝胶-溶胶转变。研究了共聚物亲水疏水链段的比例和长度，以及热历史等对凝胶-溶胶转变行为的影响。通过调节上述条件，可以在一定程度上拓宽凝胶-溶胶转变温度范围，有助于PEG—PCL-PEG水凝胶在可注射药物控制释放系统等方面的应用。     

不同年龄组儿童甲状腺测量值及其变化的研究

调查了90具童尸用状腺的基本形态,可分四型。其中以甲状腺由两侧叶及峡部组成者为最多,占50.22%。测量了甲状腺各部的长、宽、厚。分年龄组进行了数据的统计学处理,并计算出儿童与成人甲状腺各部相应值的百分比。结果显示:小儿甲状腺侧叶的长度和宽度在幼儿期(1—3岁)就已发育近成人的一半。随着年龄的增长,甲状腺各部的均值逐渐增加。除各部的宽度以及锥体叶的长度外,各相邻两组间同项均数的比较,经双侧T检验发现差异具有高度显著性(P<0.01)。     

Techniques of exposure for the stiff total knee

Primary and revision total knee arthroplasty have become common orthopaedic procedures. The operating surgeon, at times, may be faced with a difficult surgical case due to soft tissue contractures or bone deformities. A review of multiple surgical techniques using soft tissue releases and osteotomies are presented including their potential complications. Although these techniques are aimed at the atypical operative case, the operating surgeon may utilize them for ‘routine’ exposures as well. Importance is focused on the functional integrity of the knee extensor mechanism.     

Laryngeal and velopharyngeal sensory impairment in obstructive sleep apnea

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether mucosal sensory dysfunction is present at multiple upper-airway sites in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). DESIGN: Physiologic testing of consecutive patients with OSA and nonsnoring controls. SETTING: University hospital sleep center. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-nine subjects with OSA and 17 controls. INTERVENTIONS: Endoscopic testing was used to determine sensory detection thresholds for air-pressure pulses delivered to the oropharynx, velopharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx (aryepiglottic eminence). The air-pulse stimulus intensity required to elicit the protective laryngeal adductor reflex was also determined. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: There was a significant impairment in sensory detection threshold for OSA versus control subjects in the oropharynx, as previously described by ourselves using other techniques, as well as at the velopharynx (median 11 mm Hg [confidence interval 9-11] for subjects with OSA vs 8 mm Hg [confidence interval 4-11] for controls, P = .03) and, at the larynx, 4 mm Hg [confidence interval 2-9] for subjects with OSA vs 2 mm Hg [confidence interval 2-3] for controls, P < .001). The threshold stimulus intensity for the laryngeal adductor reflex was also significantly higher for OSA subjects. For OSA patients with abnormal laryngeal sensation (61% of OSA subjects), there were significant correlations between laryngeal sensory values and measures of apnea severity, including apnea-hypopnea index (r = 0.82, P < .001) and nadir SaO2 (r = -0.48, P < .05). CONCLUSION: Mucosal sensory function is impaired at multiple upper-airway sites in OSA.     

The mouse Mid1 gene: implications for the pathogenesis of Opitz syndrome and the evolution of the mammalian pseudoautosomal region

We have recently reported isolation of the gene responsible for X- linked Opitz G/BBB syndrome, a defect of midline development. MID1 is located on the distal short arm of the human X chromosome (Xp22. 3) and encodes a novel member of the B box family of zinc finger proteins. We have now cloned the murine homolog of MID1 and performed preliminary expression studies during development. Mid1 expression in undifferentiated cells in the central nervous, gastrointestinal and urogenital systems suggests that abnormal cell proliferation may underlie the defect in midline development characteristic of Opitz syndrome. We have also found that Mid1 is located within the mouse pseudoautosomal region (PAR) in Mus musculus , while it seems to be X- specific in Mus spretus. Therefore, Mid1 is likely to be a recent acquisition of the M. musculus PAR. Genetic and FISH analyses also demonstrated a high frequency of unequal crossovers in the murine PAR, creating spontaneous deletion/duplication events involving Mid1. These data provide evidence for the first time that genetic instability of the PAR may affect functionally important genes. In addition, we show that MID1 is the first example of a gene subject to X-inactivation in man while escaping it in mouse. These data contribute to a better understanding of the molecular content and evolution of the rodent PAR.      

腕关节关节囊内韧带的解剖观察及其创伤学意义

本文描绘了腕关节关节囊内韧带的解剖,其中首次描述了中腕关节的韧带连结,即大、小多角骨,头状骨至舟状骨的韧带和钩骨至三角骨的韧带.本文还论述了与这些韧带连结方式密切相关的腕骨生理运动特点及维持腕关节稳定性的因素.文章还讨论了与腕关节关节囊内韧带有关的腕部创伤学特点.     

Oxygen-dependent up-regulation of mucoid exopolysaccharide (alginate) production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

We previously showed substantial differences in Pseudomonas aeruginosa exopolysaccharide production in vitro at oxygen tensions reflective of the right versus left cardiac circuits in vivo (40 versus 80 mm Hg, respectively; A. S. Bayer, T. O'Brien, D. C. Norman, and C. C. Nast, J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 23:21-35, 1989). However, those studies did not specifically confirm this exopolysaccharide to be the characteristic P. aeruginosa mucoid alginate seen in patients with cystic fibrosis. With a murine monoclonal antibody prepared against P. aeruginosa alginate, strongly positive immunofluorescence (IF) staining of a nonmucoid P. aeruginosa strain (PA-96) was seen after its exposure in vitro to oxygen tensions (pO2) of approximately 80 mm Hg; the intensity of the IF staining under these conditions was similar to that observed with a phenotypically mucoid P. aeruginosa strain (C1712M) from a cystic fibrosis patient. In contrast, the same nonmucoid strain (PA-96), after exposure to pO2 of approximately 40 mm Hg, showed little IF staining for alginate. Following enzyme treatment with alginase, PA-96 cells previously exposed to the higher pO2 and exhibiting enhanced alginate production, as determined by IF staining, now showed no IF staining. Moreover, treatment of the oxygen-up-regulated PA-96 cells with alginase released amounts of unsaturated alginate breakdown products (uronic acids) quantitatively similar to those released by typically mucoid strains treated with the same enzyme. These data indicated that the P. aeruginosa exopolysaccharide in our studies was, indeed, mucoid alginate and that variations in oxygen tensions represent one of the trigger mechanisms for the up-regulation of mucoid exopolysaccharide production.     

制备工艺对ATO超细粉体导电性能的影响

采用化学共沉淀法制备锑掺杂二氧化锡（ATO）超细导电粉体,研究了反应温度,滴定终点pH值,掺锑量及锻炼温度对粉体导电性的影响,并对实验结果进行了讨论。     

Correction of protein and water-electrolyte metabolism disorders in patients with unformed fistulas of the small intestine

When treating 25 patients with the non-formed small intestinal fistulas, the use of alvesin "Novy" in the parenteral nutrition contributed to more intensive and effective correction of disorders in the protein and water-electrolyte metabolism as compared to that with the use of protein hydrolysates.