Use of a Telemedicine Risk Assessment Tool to Predict the Risk of Hospitalization of 496 Outpatients With COVID-19: Retrospective Analysis

BackgroundRisk assessment of patients with acute COVID-19 in a telemedicine context is not well described. In settings of large numbers of patients, a risk assessment tool may guide resource allocation not only for patient care but also for maximum health care and public health benefit.ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to determine whether a COVID-19 telemedicine risk assessment tool accurately predicts hospitalizations.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of a COVID-19 telemedicine home monitoring program serving health care workers and the community in Atlanta, Georgia, with enrollment from March 24 to May 26, 2020; the final call range was from March 27 to June 19, 2020. All patients were assessed by medical providers using an institutional COVID-19 risk assessment tool designating patients as Tier 1 (low risk for hospitalization), Tier 2 (intermediate risk for hospitalization), or Tier 3 (high risk for hospitalization). Patients were followed with regular telephone calls to an endpoint of improvement or hospitalization. Using survival analysis by Cox regression with days to hospitalization as the metric, we analyzed the performance of the risk tiers and explored individual patient factors associated with risk of hospitalization.ResultsProviders using the risk assessment rubric assigned 496 outpatients to tiers: Tier 1, 237 out of 496 (47.8%); Tier 2, 185 out of 496 (37.3%); and Tier 3, 74 out of 496 (14.9%). Subsequent hospitalizations numbered 3 out of 237 (1.3%) for Tier 1, 15 out of 185 (8.1%) for Tier 2, and 17 out of 74 (23%) for Tier 3. From a Cox regression model with age of 60 years or older, gender, and reported obesity as covariates, the adjusted hazard ratios for hospitalization using Tier 1 as reference were 3.74 (95% CI 1.06-13.27; P=.04) for Tier 2 and 10.87 (95% CI 3.09-38.27; P<.001) for Tier 3.ConclusionsA telemedicine risk assessment tool prospectively applied to an outpatient population with COVID-19 identified populations with low, intermediate, and high risk of hospitalization.     

基于住院病案首页数据的全国部分医院心血管临床专科评估探索

目的运用“基于住院病案首页数据的心血管临床专科评估框架”,对全国部分医院的心血管临床专科进行评估。方法梳理112所医院心血管专科重点疾病和重点手术操作的编码情况,计算评估框架中的各个指标,根据医院纳入标准,运用基于数据的多指标综合评价方法,对医院进行打分排序。结果112所医院2010—2012年心血管疾病患者出院人次、重点疾病和重点手术/操作缺失数量均呈偏态分布。按照综合评价医院的纳入标准共56所医院纳入排序,前十位是YN05、SD04、BJ14、SH02、ZJ01、HN01、SX09、YN08、SD01、SX08。重点疾病和重点手术操作均完整的医院共12所,其排序是:BJ14、SH02、HN02、BJ01、TJ01、SH05、SC01、NA03、GD02、SH08、YN03、HL01。本研究综合评价的56所医院中,有30所在国家公布的名单之内,26所不在国家公布的名单之内。结论运用“基于住院病案首页数据的心血管临床专科评估框架”进行心血管临床专科评估是科学、可行的,为专科评估方法提供了新的思路,为专科对口支援建设提供了数据支持。     

尿胰蛋白酶原—2测定对急性胰腺炎的早期诊断价值

目的 探讨尿胰蛋白酶原－2测定在急腹症中筛选急性胰腺炎的价值。方法 对346例连续就诊的急腹症病人同时测定尿胰蛋白酶原－2及血、尿淀粉酶。结果 41例急性胰腺炎中有38例尿胰蛋白酶原－2阳性,敏感性为92．7％,305例非胰腺炎的急腹症病人有15例假阳性,特异性为95．1％。5例重症急性胰腺炎中尿胰蛋白酶原－2全部阳性。结论 尿胰蛋白酶原－2是急腹症病人筛选急性胰腺炎快而简便的方法,具有较高的特异性和敏感性。     

外伤性脾破裂24例非手术治疗体会

目的总结外伤性脾破裂非手术治疗经验.方法回顾性分析自1995年1月～1999年12月收治的非手术治疗的24例外伤性脾破裂的致伤原因、伤情等级、诊断方法、治疗措施以及非手术治疗失败的原因.结果本组22例非手术治疗成功,并得到6个月以上的随访或B超复查证实无并发症.2例治疗失败中转手术治疗.本组无死亡.结论脾脏具有重要的生理功能,严格掌握适应证,密切监测病情变化,合理正确运用治疗措施,外伤性脾破裂的非手术治疗是安全有效的.     

幽门螺杆菌分离培养技术的改进

探讨自制的改良布氏活性炭巧克力培养基,置厌氧罐蜡烛培养环境分离临床粘膜标本幽门螺杆菌(Hp)的检出率.结果表明66例粘膜标本中分离出Hp54株(81.8%),44株Hp滤液有24株(54.5%)具有细胞毒活性,其中26例消化性溃疡患者有18例(69.2%),18例慢性胃炎患者有6例(33.3%)为Hp(Toxin+)感染.结果提示通过对Hp生物学性状和毒素的检测结果证实,该法可用于临床粘膜标本Hp的常规分离培养.     

Outcomes and factors associated with early mortality in pediatric postcardiotomy veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Mortality and morbidity of children received veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO) support after cardiac surgery remain high despite remarkable advances in medical management and devices. The purpose of this study was to describe outcomes and risk factors of applying VA‐ECMO in the surgical pediatric population. We retrospectively analyzed 85 consecutive pediatric patients (aged <18 years) who received postcardiotomy VA‐ECMO from January 2010 to December 2018. Median (IQR) age at ECMO implantation in this cohort was 12.7 (6.4, 43.2) months, median weight was 8.5 (6.0, 12.8) kg, mean ECMO duration was 143.2 ± 81.6 hours and mean hospital length of stay was 48.4 ± 32.4 days. Seventy‐five patients (88.2%) were indicated for postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock. The successful ECMO weaning rate was 70.6% and in‐hospital mortality was 52.9%. The most common diagnosis was transposition of great arteries (n = 18, 21.2%), while acute kidney injury occurred most often (n = 64, 75.3%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that thrombocytopenia, hemolysis, and nosocomial infection were positively correlated with in‐hospital mortality. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis presented that thrombocytopenia significantly increased the 180‐day mortality in patients with successful weaning. Therefore, multiple factors had adverse effects on prognosis. Patient selection and procedures from ECMO implantation to weaning need to be closely monitored and performed in a timely manner to improve outcome.     

Pyriform sinus fistula in children: A comparison of endoscopic-assisted surgery and endoscopic radiofrequency ablation

BackgroundPyriform sinus fistula (PSF) is a rare congenital anomaly, and the preferred definitive treatment is yet to be verified. In this study, we investigated the treatment outcomes of PSF specifically comparing endoscopic-assisted surgery and endoscopic radiofrequency ablation (RA).MethodsThe medical records of patients treated for PSF at the Shanghai Children's Hospital between October 2016 and September 2019 were retrospectively evaluated.ResultsThere were 93 girls and 98 boys. The median age at onset and operation was 3 years and 5 years, respectively. Endoscopic-assisted surgery was performed in 143 patients. During the same period, RA was performed in 48 patients, and 10 of them concurrently underwent incision and drainage of neck abscesses. Longer hospital stay was found in the endoscopic-assisted surgery group than in the RA group (10.50 ± 3.93 vs. 5.02 ± 3.30 days, P < 0.001). Postoperative complications were not significantly different between the two groups, except for neck infection (0 vs. 8.3%, P = 0.004). After a median follow-up period of 21 months, no significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of recurrence (1.4% vs. 0, P = 0.560).ConclusionPatients treated with RA had a significantly shorter hospital stay than those treated with endoscopic-assisted surgery. Outcomes of endoscopic-assisted surgery and RA were not significantly different for the management of PSF and treatment method should be tailored to the patient.Level of evidenceIV.     

基于NF-κB相关信号通路探讨常用中药治疗溃疡性结肠炎研究进展

核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)相关信号通路在溃疡性结肠炎的形成与发展中起到很大的作用。研究显示中药单体及单药可以通过NF-κB信号通路介导减少黏膜炎症反应、抑制肠道上皮细胞凋亡、增强肠道黏膜屏障、调节肠道内菌群丰度等抑制溃疡性结肠炎的发展,但具体的作用机制尚不明确。可能与调节TLR4/NF-κB信号通路、JAK2/STAT3/NF-κB信号通路、PI3K/AKT/NF-κB信号通路、NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路等有关。涉及到的常用药物包括黄连、干姜、鸦胆子、黄芪、肉桂、青黛、雷公藤、黄芩、蒲公英、马齿苋、苦参、青蒿等及其提取物小檗碱、6-姜烯酚、鸦胆子苦醇、黄芪多糖、肉桂醛、雷公藤多苷、黄芩苷、苦参总碱、双氢青蒿素等。故围绕NF-κB相关信号通路对常用治疗UC的中药及其单体作一综述,旨在为进一步深入研究提供思路和参考。