分散片的处方和工艺

分析了分散片的处方和工艺特点,及其在药物溶出度和生物利用度方面的优越性。     

鼻腔扩容术的临床疗效观察

目的评价鼻腔扩容术治疗OSAHS患者主客观症状的改善情况。方法观察30例行鼻腔扩容术的成年OSAHS患者,所有患者于术前进行多道睡眠图（PSG）描记,鼻声反射和鼻阻力测试等鼻功能检查,填写白天嗜睡主观评分Epworth嗜睡量表（Epworth sleepiness score,ESS）、鼻塞主观视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）评分、鼾声评分量表,以上主客观检查于鼻腔手术后3个月重复记录。所有患者接受鼻腔扩容术（鼻中隔三线减张成形术、双侧下鼻甲外移、双侧中鼻甲内移和双侧中鼻道鼻窦对称性开放）。结果鼻腔扩容术后患者鼻腔总阻力显著降低[（0.89±0.23）kPa·s/L vs（0.29±0.12）kPa·s/L,P〈0.01],鼻塞VAS评分显著降低[8.2±1.1 vs 2.1±0.73,P〈0.01],白天嗜睡ESS评分显著降低（12.7±1.2 vs 8.6±2.9,P〈0.01）,打鼾程度减轻（62.2±25.6 vs 45.6±18.6,P〈0.01）。轻度OSAHS患者呼吸暂停低通气指数（apnea and hypopnea index,AHI）较术前显著下降（P〈0.05）,觉醒指数较术前显著下降（P〈0.01）,最低动脉血氧饱和度（lowest SaO2,LSaO2）较术前显著升高（P〈0.01）。中度和重度OSAHS患者的AHI指数、觉醒指数、LSaO2均较术前无显著改变（P〉0.05）。LSaO2、睡眠结构各阶段的比例、快动眼睡眠阶段的长度在所有OSAHS患者均没有显著变化（P〉0.05）。30例OSAHS患者鼻腔扩容术的总体有效率为26.7%。结论鼻腔扩容手术可以改善OSAHS患者鼻塞及白天嗜睡、睡眠打鼾等相关睡眠主观症状,并在一定程度上改善OSAHS患者的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的严重程度,应适当选择其手术适应证。     

永存原始玻璃体增生症与先天性纤维血管瞳孔膜临床特征的比较

目的：分析永存原始玻璃体增生症(PHPV)和先天性纤维血管瞳孔膜(CFPM)的临床特征异同。

方法：回顾性分析2006-03/2021-12在空军军医大学西京医院眼科接受手术治疗的PHPV(PHPV组)和CFPM患儿(CFPM组)的眼部生物测量参数、临床表现、病变的形态学特点。

结果：纳入PHPV患儿56例61眼,CFPM患儿24例25眼; PHPV和CFPM的发病年龄相似、无性别差异,均以单眼患病为主,其占比分别为91%和96%。PHPV合并白内障患眼可有多种并发症和眼发育异常,CFPM主要为不同程度的瞳孔区堵塞及形态异常。PHPV组和CFPM组单眼患病患儿患眼前房深度(ACD)均小于对侧眼,手术年龄≤24月龄患儿患眼眼轴长度(AL)均小于对侧眼(P<0.05); PHPV组单眼患病患儿患眼角膜直径(CD)小于对侧眼、眼压高于对侧眼(均P<0.05); CFPM组单眼患病患儿患眼与对侧眼CD、IOP比较均无显著差异(P>0.05)。PHPV组患儿患眼ACD小于CFPM组患眼(P<0.05)。术中发现PHPV纤维血管膜组织位于晶状体后、玻璃体腔内,而CFPM纤维血管膜位于虹膜与晶状体前囊膜之间,很少累及晶状体。

结论：PHPV和CFPM有非常相似的临床特点,提示PHPV和CFPM可能是永存胚胎血管(PFV)的不同表现形式,但PHPV病变范围更广、病情更复杂。     

健择加顺铂联合化疗治疗晚期鼻咽癌的疗效观察

目的:观察健择加顺铂治疗晚期鼻咽癌的疗效和毒副作用。方法:吉西他滨1000 mg/m2d1、d8 生理盐水100 ml静脉点滴30 min完成;DDP 100 mg 生理盐水500 ml静脉滴注,d1,或DDP 30 mg 生理盐水250 ml静脉滴注,d1~d3,方案每3周为一周期。结果:17例患者完全缓解(CR)2例,部分缓解(PR)11例,总有效率(CR PR)达76.5%。主要毒副反应为骨髓抑制(对血小板抑制尤为明显)、消化道反应、轻度肝肾功能损及口腔炎等。结论:健择联合顺铂方案治疗复发或转移性鼻咽癌有效率高和耐受性良好,值得临床进一步研究。     

阿司匹林对卡托普利治疗充血性心力衰竭的影响

目的：观察阿司匹林对卡托普利治疗充血性心力衰竭的影响。方法：将74例CHF患按入院前是否服用阿司匹林分为2组，均给予卡托普利12.5mg口服，tid，并逐渐加量为25mg,tid，连服28d。结果：未用阿司匹林组显效率为46.7%，总有效率为70％，与曾用阿司匹林组相比差异显（P＜0．05）；患心率明显下降，优于曾用阿司匹林组（P＜0．05）；心脏收缩功能参数LVEF、FS以及舒张功能参数E／A明显增加（P＜0．01），且较曾用阿司匹林组为优（P＜0．05）。结论：曾经应用阿司匹林的时间越长，卡托普利治疗CHF的效果越差。     

Giganteaside D induces ROS-mediated apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells through the MAPK pathway

Purpose

Every year, almost one million individuals are diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide and more than 690,000 patients die of it. At present, most therapeutic anti-HCC agents are not effective, which is due to the appearance of chemo-resistance and/or toxic side effects. Therefore, it is imperative to find novel more effective anti-HCC agents. Here, we evaluated the effect of giganteaside D (GD), an oleanolic acid saponin from P. scabiosaefolia, on the growth and apoptosis of HCC cells.

Methods and results

Using MTT and clonogenic assays, we found that GD exhibited a significant growth inhibitory effect on the HCC-derived cell lines HepG2 and Bel-7402. In addition, we found that GD induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in these HCC-derived cells, as indicated by a decreased mitochondrial potential, activation of Caspase-9 and Caspase-3, cleavage of PARP and release of Cytochrome C from the mitochondria. Besides, we found that GD stimulated the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and that blockage of ROS attenuated the GD-induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Additionally, we found that GD treatment led to a decrease in phosphorylated Erk (p-Erk) and triggered the generation of p-JNK, both components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Inhibition of Erk or JNK by specific inhibitors or siRNAs augmented or attenuated the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of GD.

Conclusions

From our results we conclude that GD can induce ROS-mediated apoptosis in HCC-derived cells through the MAPK pathway. This observation may open up avenues to explore the future use of GD as a HCC chemotherapeutic agent.

     

Miscarriage risk for asymptomatic women after a normal first-trimester prenatal visit

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the risk of miscarriage among asymptomatic women after a prenatal visit between 6 and 11 weeks of gestation where proof of fetal viability of a singleton was obtained by office ultrasonography at the same visit. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study performed over 2 years (March 2004-2006) at an antenatal clinic at a large tertiary hospital in Victoria, Australia. Those recruited were 697 asymptomatic women who attended their first antenatal visit between 6 (+2 days) and 11(+6 days) weeks of gestation, where evidence of fetal cardiac activity of a singleton was obtained by office ultrasonography. The main outcome measure was rates of miscarriage, stratified by gestation at presentation. RESULTS: One case was lost to follow-up. The risk of miscarriage among the entire cohort was 11 of 696 (1.6%). The risk fell rapidly with advancing gestation; 9.4% at 6 (completed) weeks of gestation, 4.2% at 7 weeks, 1.5% at 8 weeks, 0.5% at 9 weeks and 0.7% at 10 weeks (chi(2); test for trend P=.001). Most who miscarried received their ultrasound diagnoses many weeks after their visit; five (45%) were diagnosed in the second trimester, and all but one received their ultrasound diagnoses after 10 weeks of gestation. CONCLUSION: For women without symptoms, the risk of miscarriage after attending a first antenatal visit between 6 and 11 weeks is low (1.6% or less), especially if they present at 8 weeks of gestation and beyond. Our data could be used to reassure such women that the probability of progressing to later than 20 weeks of gestation is very good.