Salicylate enhances necrosis and apoptosis mediated by the mitochondrial permeability transition.

Onset of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) causes both necrotic and apoptotic cell death in cultured hepatocytes. Salicylate lowers the threshold for onset of the MPT. In this study, our aim was to determine whether nontoxic concentrations of salicylate potentiate MPT-mediated cell killing. In necrotic killing models to rat hepatocytes, salicylate (1 mM) enhanced calcium ionophore (Br-A23187)- and tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BuOOH)-induced cell death, which was blocked or delayed by cyclosporin A (CsA, 2 microM), a specific inhibitor of the MPT. In hepatocyte apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), salicylate accelerated cell killing after low-dose TNF-alpha (1 ng/ml), which by itself induced little apoptosis. Salicylate enhancement of apoptosis was associated with onset of the MPT and accelerated caspase 3 activation. Salicylate also augmented killing of MCF-7 human breast tumor cells by etoposide and PLC/PRF/5 human hepatoma cells by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). In conclusion, salicylate potentiates both necrotic and apoptotic cell killing by promoting onset of the MPT. Enhancement by salicylate of MPT-dependent apoptosis may play a role in protection by aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs against colon, lung, and breast cancer.     

HIV非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂研究进展

1引言艾滋病(AIDS)是由人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染引起的严重疾病。HIV属于RNA逆转录病毒,又分为HIV 1和HIV 2型。这两种类型病毒的基因组在DNA碱基序列方面有着明显的差别,因而相应的逆转录酶和包膜上糖蛋白的结构有所不同。世界上大部分地区的艾滋病人是被病毒HIV 1所感染,现     

胃逆康胶囊治疗反流性食管炎临床观察

目的 :客观评价胃逆康胶囊治疗反流性食管炎的临床疗效及安全性。方法 :选取经内镜检查符合反流性食管炎诊断标准的患者 185例 ,分 2个阶段观察 ,第一阶段为 1∶ 1随机双盲对照试验 ,胃逆康组 32例 ,吗丁啉组 33例 ;第二阶段为 3∶ 1的扩大随机对照试验 ,采用双模拟法 ,胃逆康组 90例 ,吗丁啉组 30例。治疗组予胃逆康胶囊 4粒 ,安慰剂片 1片 ;吗丁啉组予吗丁啉片 10 mg,安慰剂胶囊 4粒。均为饭前 30 m in口服 ,每日 3次 ,8周为 1疗程。结果 :胃逆康组近期痊愈 5 6例 ,显效 2 5例 ,有效 34例 ,无效 7例 ,总有效率为 94 .3% ;对照组近期痊愈 11例 ,显效 15例 ,有效 33例 ,无效 4例 ,总有效率为 93.7%。胃逆康组总疗效明显优于吗丁啉组 ( u=3.6 7,P=0 .0 0 0 2 3) ;对烧心、胸痛、反酸、打嗝等症状的消除率依次为 6 5 .4 %、72 .2 %、6 6 .7%和 78.0 % ,明显优于吗丁啉组的症状消除率 ,依次为 4 4 .1%、5 0 .0 %、4 9.1%和 4 7.4 % ( P<0 .0 5 ) ;胃逆康组内镜检查复常率为 5 2 .4 6 % ,优于吗丁啉组 33.33% (χ2 =6 .12 ,P=0 .0 13)。胃逆康组治疗前后血尿便常规、肝肾功能和心电图检查均无异常 ,有 3例出现轻度腹泻 ,2～ 5日自行消失。结论 :胃逆康胶囊治疗反流性食管炎功效明显优于吗丁啉 ,且使用安全     

肺癌中p53和p63 蛋白表达的高通量组织微阵研究

目的探讨p53和p63蛋白在肺癌中的表达及意义,并比较两者之间的表达关系.方法组织微阵(tissue microarray,TMA)技术和免疫组化S-P方法(immunohistochemistry,IHC).结果p53蛋白IHC染色中,TMA有价值的肿瘤标本为234(72.9%),总的表达率(+、++、+++)率为48.3%(113/234).随着肺鳞状细胞癌(squamous cell carcinoma,SCC)和腺癌(adenocarcinoma,Ad)分级升高,p53蛋白表达增强,与肺SCC及Ad病理分级有明显相关性(P＜0.05).p53蛋白表达与生存期呈明显负相关性(P＜0.05).p53蛋白表达与病理分型和临床分期等无明显相关性(P＞0.05).p53蛋白表达在肺癌原发肿瘤和转移淋巴结之间无明显差异(P＞0.05).p63蛋白IHC染色中,TMA有价值的肿瘤标本为264(82.2%),总的表达率(+、++、+++)为67.8%(179/264).p63蛋白在小细胞肺癌(small cell lung carcinoma,SCLC)表达最低16.0%(4/25),非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung carcinoma,NSCLC)与SCLC之间表达存在明显差异(P＜0.05).p63蛋白表达与病理组织分级、临床分期、生存期等无明显相关性(P＞0.05).p63蛋白表达在肺癌原发肿瘤和转移淋巴结之间无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论1.p53是肺癌的独立预后指标;2.p63蛋白在肺癌的不同病理类型的不同表达,说明肺癌的不同病理类型分子机理有所不同;3.p53蛋白和p63蛋白表达之间无明显相关性;4.TMA可以有效分析比较组织中肿瘤标记物的表达情况.     

Dose-Volume Histograms for bladder and rectum

: A careful examination of the foundation upon which the concept of the Dose-Volume Histogram (DVH) is built, and the implications of this set of parameters on the clinical application and interpretation of the DVH concept has not been conducted since the introduction of DVHs as a tool for the quantitative evaluation of treatment plans. The purpose of the work presented herein is to illustrate problems with current methods of implementing and interpreting DVHs when applied to hollow anatomic structures such as the bladder and rectum.

: A typical treatment plan for external beam irradiation of a patient with prostate cancer was chosen to provide a data set from which DVH curves for both the bladder and rectum were calculated. The two organs share the property of being shells with contents that are of no clinical importance. DVHs for both organs were computed using a solid model and using a shell model. Typical treatment plans for prostate cancer were used to generate DVH curves for both models. The Normal Tissue Complication Probability (NTCP) for these organs is discussed in this context.

: For an eight-field conformal treatment plan of the prostate, a bladder DVH curve generated using the shell model is higher than the corresponding curve generated using the solid model. The shell model also has a higher NTCP. A six-field conformal treatment plan slo results in a higher DVH curve for the shell model. A treatment plan consisting of bilateral 120-degree arcs, results in a higher DVH curve for the shell model, as well as a higher NTCP.

: The DVH concept currently used in evaluation of treatment plans is problematic because current practices of defining exactly what constitutes “bladder” and “rectum.” Commonly used methods of tracing the bladder and rectum imply use of a solid structure model for DVHs. In reality, these organs are shells and the critical structure associated with NTCP is obviously and indisputably the shell, as opposed to its contents. Treatment planning algorithms for DVH computation should thus be modified to utilize the shell model for these organs.     

Total but not resting energy expenditure is increased in infants with ventricular septal defects

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of left-to-right shunting on the resting energy expenditure (REE), total energy expenditure (TEE), and energy intake in a group of 3- to 5-month-old infants with moderate to large unrepaired ventricular septal defects (VSDs) compared with age-matched, healthy infants. METHODS: Eight infants with VSDs and 10 healthy controls between 3 to 5 months of age participated in the study. Indirect calorimetry was used to measure REE and the doubly-labeled water method was used to measure TEE and energy intake. An echocardiogram and anthropometric measurements were performed on all study participants. Daily urine samples were collected at home for 7 days. Samples were analyzed by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Data were compared using analysis of variance. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in REE (VSD, 42.2 +/- 8.7 kcal/kg/d; control, 43.9 +/- 14.1 kcal/kg/d) or energy intake (VSD, 90.8 +/- 19.9 kcal/kg/d; control, 87.1 +/- 11.7 kcal/kg/d) between the groups. The percent total body water was significantly higher in the VSD infants and the percent fat mass was significantly lower. TEE was 40% higher in the VSD group (VSD, 87.6 +/- 10.8 kcal/kg/d; control, 61.9 +/- 10.3 kcal/kg/d). The difference between TEE and REE, reflecting the energy of activity, was 2.5 times greater in the VSD group. CONCLUSIONS: REE and energy intake are virtually identical between the two groups. Despite this, infants with VSDs have substantially higher TEE than age-matched healthy infants. The large difference between TEE and REE in VSD infants suggests a substantially elevated energy cost of physical activity in these infants. These results demonstrate that, although infants with VSDs may match the energy intake of healthy infants, they are unable to meet their increased energy demands, resulting in growth retardation.     

Isolation and characterization of propagable cell lines (HUNC) from the androgen-sensitive Dunning R3327H rat prostatic adenocarcinoma

The Dunning H rat prostate tumor (R3327H) is a widely used experimental model of human prostatic adenocarcinoma (CaP). The Dunning H tumor has been characterized as androgen-sensitive, androgen-receptor (AR) positive, prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) positive. To date, the tumor has been maintained by serial passage in vivo because of the lack of an in vitro cell line that retains the characteristics of the in vivo tumor. The objective of the present study was to establish a propagable cell line from R3327H adenocarcinoma that maintained androgen sensitivity and expression of AR, PSA and PAP. Tissue harvested from an in vivo R3327H tumor was dissociated with collagenase and placed into Richter's improved media (with supplements). A cytokeratin-positive epithelial cell line (HUNC- E) and a vimentin-positive stromal cell line (HUNC-S) were generated from the primary culture, subcultured continuously for >300 days, and passaged >50 times. Survival of the HUNC-E cell line in vitro depended on several media supplements, including nicotinamide, insulin, transferrin, selenium and epidermal growth factor (EGF). HUNC-E cells expressed AR and produced PSA and PAP throughout the culture period, as confirmed by immunocytochemistry and Western blot analyses. Addition of 14 nM testosterone (T) or dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to HUNC-E cells, stimulated DNA synthesis as well as anchorage-independent growth and PSA production, which demonstrated the androgen-sensitive nature of the cells in vitro. When HUNC-E and HUNC-S cells were combined in a 3:1 ratio and introduced subcutaneously into syngeneic male hosts, tumors formed in 2/3 animals with an average latency of 7 months. RT-PCR and immunocytochemical characterization of the HUNC cell lines revealed that the cells expressed several growth factors and their cognate receptors, including HGF, TGF-alpha and the TGF-betas, indicating the establishment of potential autocrine loops in the neoplastic cells. The HUNC-E and HUNC-S CaP cell lines, which retain the characteristics of the epithelial and stromal components of the in vivo R3327H tumor, will allow a more thorough and informative molecular and biological analysis of prostatic adenocarcinoma.      

STRESS FRACTURES: EFFECT OF PRIOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY,SPORTS PARTICIPATION AND MILITARY TRAINING

A study was carried out to find out the effects of prior physical activity, sports participation and prior military training on the incidence of stress fractures among Gentlemen Cadets (GC''s) undergoing military training at Indian Military Academy (IMA). One thousand and fourteen GC''s were followed up for a period of 12 weeks. Thirty-seven GC''s developed stress fractures during the study period. The incidence of stress fractures was significantly higher in GC''s without any prior military training (p=0.0009). They were compared with 100 healthy controls drawn from the study population to study the influence of the other mentioned factors. There was no significant association between prior physical activity and stress fractures (OR=0.74, 95% CL=0.26 to 2.05, p=0.688). There was also no significant relationship between sports participation and stress fractures (OR=0.79. 95% CCL=0.35 to 1.81, p=0.684).KEY WORDS: Risk factors, Stress fractures     

KAI1在肺癌组织芯片中的表达及其生物学意义

背景与目的　KAI1基因是新发现的转移抑制基因,它在多种肿瘤中有表达。该研究通过分析KAI1蛋白在肺良性病变组织、癌前组织、原发癌组织及局部淋巴结肺转移癌组织中的表达及其与临床病理生理特征之间的关系,探讨其在肺癌发生、发展、浸润、转移中的作用。方法　应用组织芯片技术和免疫组化S P方法检测肺癌组织中KAI1蛋白的表达。统计学方法采用χ2 检验、Fisher确切概率。结果　KAI1 蛋白在10例肺良性病变组织中阳性表达率为100.0%,在12例癌前病变组织中为66.7%,而在89例肺原发癌组织中表达仅为24.7%,在淋巴结转移肺癌病灶中更是显著下调(0)(P<0.05);原发癌组织中KAI1 蛋白的表达与患者年龄、性别、大体病理类型均无明显关系(P>0.05),而与肿瘤的组织学类型、分化程度、病理分期以及是否伴有淋巴结转移密切相关(P<0.05)。结论　KAI1 蛋白的异常表达可能参与了肺癌的恶性进展,它的表达降低促进了肿瘤的浸润转移,检测肺癌组织中KAI1 表达对肺癌的诊断及预后判断有一定的参考价值。     

论促进仪器维修保养程序化的重要性

医疗仪器的维修保养,特别是高精仪器设备的维修保养,在医院里普遍没有得到足够的重视和关注.一旦这些设备出了故障,不能正常工作后,医院管理者才急于修好仪器,有时是不计成本地抢修设备以致于不影响医院仪器设备的正常运转.