98例成人原发性腹膜后恶性肿瘤的诊治分析

目的探讨成人原发性腹膜后恶性肿瘤（APRMT）的诊断方法和手术经验。方法对1990年1月至2003年4月经手术治疗的98例APRMT患者的临床资料进行分析。结果98例成人原发性腹膜后恶性肿瘤中,肿瘤完全切除79例（80．6％）,姑息性切除16例（16．3％）,肿瘤探查和单纯活检3例（3．1％）,合并脏器切除25例（25．5％）;复发再次手术者28例（28．6％）。肿瘤完全切除的79例患者的1、3、5年生存率分别为93．7％、73．4％和34．2％,姑息性切除的1、3、5年生存率分别为75．O％、6．3％和6．3％。结论联合应用合理的影像学检查对判断APRMT肿瘤周围器官是否受累和切除范围有重要意义,充分的术前准备和受累器官的联合切除可以提高APRMT切除率和预后,对于复发病例,应争取尽早再次手术治疗。     

卡巴胆碱对多器官功能障碍综合征小鼠脏器功能和结构的保护作用

目的:观察卡巴胆碱(carbachol,Car)对酵母多糖致多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)小鼠多脏器功能和结构损伤的防护作用。方法:采用腹腔注射酵母多糖的方法复制小鼠MODS模型。雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为正常对照组(n=10),MODS 6、24、48 h组(n=30)和MODS Car 6、24、48 h防治组(n=30)。MODS组在致伤后腹腔注入生理盐水;MODS Car防治组在致伤前24 h内分3次灌胃注入卡巴胆碱。观察酵母多糖致伤后早期(48h内)动物死亡率,检测各组血丙氨酸转氨酶活性、尿素氮和肌酐水平,镜下观察致伤后48 h动物肝、肺、肾、心等脏器的组织病理学改变。结果:在酵母多糖致伤后48h内,MODS组小鼠死亡率达26.6%,MODS Car防治组的小鼠死亡率为10.0%。MODS组小鼠血浆ALT、BUN和Cr在伤后6h升高,而同时间点经卡巴胆碱预处理的小鼠血浆ALT、BUN和Cr仅略有升高,明显低于MODS组。光镜下观察发现,MODS组小鼠肝脏、肺脏、肾脏和心脏发生明显的病理改变,主要表现为脏器实质细胞浊肿、变性,间质充血、水肿和炎性细胞浸润,而卡巴胆碱防治组小鼠上述病变明显减轻。结论:预防性给予卡巴胆碱可以降低MODS急性期动物的死亡率,减轻脏器功能和结构的损伤,对急性炎症期的脏器损伤具有保护作用。     

Hepatocellular Glycogen in Alleviation of Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury During Partial Hepatectomy

Background Temporary occlusion of liver blood supply for complex liver operation is common in liver surgery. However, hepatic vascular occlusion will undoubtedly impair liver function. This study was designed to elucidate the effect of hepatocellular glycogen in alleviation of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury during hepatic vascular occlusion for partial hepatectomy. Methods Fifty-seven patients were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 29) and a control group (n = 28). In the experimental group, patients were given high-concentration glucose intravenously during 24 h before the operation. The hepatic lesion was resected after portal triad clamping in the two groups. Noncancer liver tissue was biopsied to measure hepatic tissue ATP content and change of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Liver function of all patients was assessed by using an automatic biochemical analysis apparatus before the operation and the first and fifth days after operation. Results The mean hepatic vascular occlusion time in the experimental group was 19.21 ± 4.54 min and in the control group it was 21.04 ± 5.11 min. Hepatic tissue ATP content of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group at the end of hepatic vascular occlusion (2.15 ± 0.39 μmol/g wet tissue vs. 1.33 ± 0.44, p < 0.01) and at the point of 1-h reperfusion (2.19 ± 0.29 μmol/g wet tissue vs. 1.57 ± 0.35, p < 0.01). There was significant difference in SOD activity between the two groups at the end of hepatic vascular occlusion (130.69 ± 30.49 NU/mg pr vs. 97.83 ± 26.23, p < 0.01) and at the point of 1-h reperfusion (139.55 ± 39.88 NU/mg pr vs. 114.74 ± 25.93, p < 0.01). Significant difference was shown in MDA content between the two groups at the end of hepatic vascular occlusion (3.02 ± 0.30 nmol/mg pr vs. 3.99 ± 0.49, p < 0.01) and at the point of 1-h reperfusion (3.81 ± 0.69 nmol/mg pr vs. 5.75 ± 1.17, p < 0.01). In addition, the liver function of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group the first and fifth days after the operation (p < 0.01). Conclusions Abundant intracellular glycogen may reduce liver ischemia-reperfusion injury caused by hepatic vascular occlusion. It is beneficial to give a large amount of glucose before a complex liver operation during which temporary occlusion of hepatic blood flow is necessary.     

Electro-acupuncture attenuates stress-induced defecation in rats with chronic visceral hypersensitivity via serotonergic pathway

Acupuncture has long been used for patients with irritable bowel syndrome. However, it has remained unclear. The aim of this study was to testify the effect of electro-acupuncture(EA) on (1) visceral hypersensitivity induced by the mechanical colorectal irritation during postnatal development of rats, and (2) stress-induced colonic motility changes on rats with chronic visceral hypersensitivity. The abdominal withdrawal reflex (pain threshold and score) for visceral hypersensitivity and fecal pellet output for motor dysfunction were selected as two indexes for measurement. In addition, the effect of EA on 5-HT(4a) receptor and serotonin transporter (SERT) expression in the colon mucosa was analyzed semi-quantitatively through immunohistochemistry and 5-HT concentration in the colon tissue was observed through spectro-photo-fluorimeter detection, respectively. Our results showed that EA significantly elevated pain threshold, decreased the scores and also decreased fecal pellet output during water avoid stress. Furthermore, EA decreased 5-HT concentration in colon in rats with CVH and CVH rats with water avoidance stress, and increased the 5-HT(4a) and SERT expression in rats with CVH. Thus, it can be concluded that EA attenuates behavioral hyperalgesia and stress-induced colonic motor dysfunction in CVH rats via serotonergic pathway.     

雷帕霉素影响肾缺血再灌注后组织损伤和修复的实验研究

目的研究雷帕霉素对肾缺血再灌注（IR）后不同时期肾小管上皮细胞凋亡及增殖、修复的影响。方法体质量为25～30 g BALB/c小鼠45只随机分为手术对照组、IR对照组和雷帕霉素组。建立阻断小鼠左侧肾蒂30 min后切除右侧肾模型。雷帕霉素组术前及术后每日给予0.5 mL雷帕霉素和生理盐水混悬液（1 mg∶10 mL）灌胃,IR对照组给予等量生理盐水灌胃。术后1、3和7 d每组各处死5只小鼠取全血及肾组织,检测血清肌酐水平,HE染色评价组织病理学改变。采用脱氧核糖核苷酸末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法检测肾小管上皮细胞凋亡,通过免疫组织化学检测肾小管上皮细胞增殖细胞核抗原以比较组间肾小管上皮细胞增殖修复差异。结果雷帕霉素组术后1 d肾功能好于IR对照组（P〈0.05）,但在7 d时却较IR对照组差（P〈0.05）。IR对照组和雷帕霉素组术后3个时期的肾组织病理学改变均较手术对照组严重（P〈0.05）,但前两组间损伤病理学评分均无明显差异（P〉0.05）。术后1 d和3 d时,雷帕霉素组凋亡细胞数明显少于IR对照组（P〈0.05）。术后1、3和7 d雷帕霉素组肾小管上皮细胞增殖细胞核抗原表达水平均显著低于IR对照组（P〈0.05）。结论肾缺血再灌注损伤早期以肾小管上皮细胞凋亡为主,后以细胞增殖修复为主。雷帕霉素因具有抗凋亡和抗增殖的双重作用,可以减轻缺血再灌注对肾功能损伤,但却不利于以后的组织修复。     

重症监测治疗技术对重症手足口病患儿病情及预后的影响

目的：将重症监测治疗技术应用于重症手足口病患儿的救治,以探讨对病情及预后的影响。方法：选择自2009年1月1日-2009年9月6日24时入住我院手足口病重症病房的重症手足口病患儿492例．分析：①发病年龄．性别。（2）最高体温、皮疹、严重表现及并发症等。（3）机械通气患儿的带机时间。机械通气并发症。（4）WBC、血糖、血乳酸、心肌酶、肝功酶．胸片及病原学检查等辅助检查结果。应用重症监测治疗技术及脏器功能支持等。结果：83．7％患儿年龄在3岁以下：100％患儿发热;100％患儿口腔或手、足、臀部有皮疹。神经系统并发症表现为精神差．易惊、肢体抖动,嗜睡;呼吸系统表现为呼吸急促、浅慢,节律不规则;循环系统表现为心率增快、减慢．血压增高或降低、皮肤花斑、四肢皮温低;辅助检查：部分病例出现血WBC、AST．ALT、CK-MB和血糖、血乳酸升高,咽拭子EV71-PCR阳性率36．6％．肛拭EV71-PCR阳性率41．9％。胸片表现为肺纹理增粗。渗出或无明显异常。机械通气患儿147例。492例患儿治愈489例．死亡3例,死亡率0．61％。无1例患儿有机械通气并发症及神经系统后遗症。结论：在本次手足口病救治中。应用重症监测治疗技术对重症患儿各个脏器系统进行监测治疗,可降低死亡率．减少并发症,避免神经系统并发症。     

家族性胃癌与散发性胃癌临床病理特征及预后的比较

目的探讨家族性胃癌的临床病理特征及预后,以提高家族性胃癌的诊治水平。方法回顾性分析大连医科大学附属第二医院1995—2005年收治的67例家族性胃癌患者的临床和随访资料。并与同期收治的具有完整资料的820例散发性胃癌患者进行比较。结果与散发性胃癌相比,家族性胃癌患者中45岁以下者[34．3％（23／67）比14．6％（120／820）]、早期胃癌者[23．9％（16／67）比13．8％（108／820）]、弥漫型者[79．1％（53／67）比29．0％（238／820）]及淋巴结转移者[91．0％（61／67）比70．9％（581／820）]比例更高（均P〈O．05）。家族性胃癌患者术后5年生存率为20．5％,明显低于散发性胃癌的45．1％（P〈O．05）。结论家族性胃癌具有发病年龄早、病期晚、淋巴结转移率高及预后差等特点．其治疗重点在于早期诊断。     

无胸膜损伤微创经皮肾镜取石术并发胸腔积液成因的初步研究

目的：探讨微创经皮肾镜取石术（MPCNL）并发胸腔积液的成因。方法：对285例上尿路结石患者行MPCNL治疗,其中输尿管上段结石91例,肾结石167例,输尿管上段结石并肾多发性结石27例;均为单侧结石。结石大小1.2～4．5cm,平均2．3cm。术中在超声引导下于第12肋下腋中线至肩胛线之间穿刺,明确避开胸膜后建立经皮肾通道取石。用含0．1％中华墨汁的生理盐水作为灌洗液。术后行胸部X线及B超检查,必要时行CT检查。并发胸腔积液较多者在B超定位后行胸腔穿刺抽液并抽取外周血进行镜检,寻找有无碳颗粒,对相关数据进行分析。结果：手术均获得成功,术中无胸膜损伤及气胸等并发症发生。术后B超检查发现16例并发胸腔积液,CT检查发现5例并发少量胸腔积液。其中13例抽出术侧胸腔积液,离心后提取沉淀物镜检可见碳颗粒,而抽取外周血镜检未见碳颗粒。胸腔积液组结石大小、数目、术中冲洗液灌洗时间、灌洗压力和用量明显高于无胸腔积液组（P〈0．05）,其中灌洗时间、术中灌洗压和灌洗液用量是胸腔积液发生的独立影响因素（P〈0．05）。结论：无胸膜损伤MPCNL并发胸腔积液,可能因术中灌洗液量大、灌洗时间长和灌洗压力高导致术中灌洗液外渗至腹膜后间隙和（或）腹腔,再通过膈肌进入胸腔形成。     

胰岛素泵强化治疗患者低血糖影响因素分析及预防

目的 探讨胰岛素泵强化治疗患者发生低血糖的影响因素及预防性护理措施.方法 采用回顾性调查法,查阅2009年10月至2010年8月住院的胰岛素泵强化治疗的737例2型糖尿病患者病历,共有65例发生低血糖(纳入病例组),将其他未发生低血糖的672例患者作为对照组,对糖尿病胰岛素泵强化治疗患者发生低血糖的影响因素进行Logistic回归分析.结果 低血糖发生率为8.8%;病程、伴有并发症、联合用药为胰岛素泵强化治疗患者发生低血糖的影响因素.结论 应针对病程长、并发症种类多、联合用药多的患者重点观察,及时采取护理措施,预防和减少糖尿病胰岛素泵强化治疗患者低血糖的发生.     

大专护生逆境商与未来时间洞察力及成就动机的关系研究

目的了解在校大专护生逆境商、未来时间洞察力与成就动机现状,并探讨其相互关系。方法采用逆境商量表、大学生未来时间洞察力问卷及成就动机量表对285名在校大专护生进行调查。结果大专护生追求成功的动机(40.08±7.18)略高于避免失败的动机(38.69±8.00),成就动机总分为(1.39±13.19)分;逆境商总分及其4个因子(控制、归因、延伸、忍耐),未来时间洞察力总分及其4个因子与成就动机总分呈正相关(P<0.01,P<0.05);控制、忍耐、行为承诺、远目标定向及目的意识5个因子是成就动机的重要预测变量,能够联合解释56.4%的成就动机变异量。结论大专护生逆境商及未来时间洞察力可影响其成就动机,故应加强大专护生逆境商及未来时间洞察力的培养,以提高其成就动机。