蛛网膜下腔注射神经降压素对大鼠血压和心率的影响

本文研究了蛛网膜下腔注射神经降压素（ｎｅｕｒｏｔｅｎｓｉｎ，ＮＴ）对大鼠血压和心率的影响，结果表明：注射ＮＴ后血压立即下降，继而有所回升，但不及正常水平，然后再次降低，持续６０ｍｉｎ；心率无明显改变。Ｈ１受体阻断剂苯海拉明能部分阻断ＮＴ的降血压效应，Ｈ２受体阻断剂甲氰咪胍无翻转作用。注射组胺释放剂Ｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄ４８／８０使血压下降，待血压恢复正常水平后，再注射ＮＴ，其降压效应减弱。结果提示：蛛网     

Multiple sclerosis: myelin basic protein induced mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines in mononuclear cells is suppressed by interferon-β 1b in vitro

Beta-interferon (IFN-β) is a promising treatment in multiple sclerosis (MS), reducing the exacerbation rate and MRI lesion burden, as well as the disease progression in relapsing-remitting MS. IFN-β was originally defined by its antiviral effects, but the interest has recently been focused on its immunomodulatory properties. Myelin basic protein (MBP) is one of several autoantigens considered to be the target for autoaggressive immune responses, which eventually might lead to the development of MS. To study in-vitro effects of IFN-β1b on MBP induced cytokine expression, mRNA for the Th1 cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α, the Th2 related IL-4 and IL-6, the cytolytic perforin and the immune response downregulating TGF-β was measured with in situ hybridization after culture of blood mononuclear cells (MNC) in the presence and absence of MBP. Numbers of cells expressing IFN-γ, TNF-α, perforin and IL-4 mRNA were significantly suppressed after culture with 10 U/ml IFN-β1b. No such effect was seen on MBP induced IL-6 or TGF-β mRNA expression. These observations suggest that one of the major effects of IFN-β1b is the induction of a shift in the cytokine mRNA profile towards a more immunosuppressive pattern. In parallel in vitro tests, the control substance dexametasone (40 μg/ml) reduced the numbers of cells expressing mRNA for all cytokines under study with the exception of TGF-β, to an extent equal to or even more pronounced than IFN-β1b.     

胚胎脊髓细胞悬液植入急性成年大鼠损伤脊髓

目的：建立胚胎脊髓细胞悬液移植于脊髓损伤模型，以评价其治疗脊髓损伤的可能性。方法：４２只Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠以改良Ａｌｅｎ法（５０ｇｃｍ）打击脊髓，３天后将孕１４天（Ｅ１４）ＦＳＣＳ２０μｌ植入损伤空腔，移植后２、４、６、８、１０、１２周，以光、电镜、免疫组织化学观察移植物存活、分化及其与宿主之间关系。结果：移植细胞逐渐长大。充满不规则空腔，宿主ＮＦ、５－ＨＴ、ＣＧＲＰ纤维分别出现于移植物，ＧＦＡＰ纤维于宿主移植物交界处适量存在。移植成神经细胞、成少突胶质细胞、成星形细胞的细胞器日渐完善，细胞功能活跃。复杂及多样突触与细胞连接，将上述细胞与神经纤维、胶质纤维、毛细血管网在三维空间内连接成一体，并与宿主紧密嵌合。结论：（１）成年大鼠脊髓损伤３天后植入ＦＳＣＳ可以存活。（２）移植物进入宿主后，出现再分布，继而器官样分化。（３）长、短传导束进入移植物，显示了移植物的桥作用。（４）成少突胶质细胞的神经营救作用。（５）移植区内出现多种突触，提示移植物中继作用的可能性。     

核仁形成区嗜银蛋白定量对结肠癌分型、分级的诊断意义

对１１４例不同类型和级别的结肠癌进行银染核仁形成区嗜银蛋白（Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ）形态定量研究．结果表明，Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ数量、大小和分布在结肠未分化癌和印戒细胞癌组与管状腺癌和粘液腺癌组比较，有明显差异．管状腺癌随分化程度的降低，Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ的数量、形态、大小和分布也发生等级性变化．结果提示，Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ形态定量的数量、形态、大小和分布４项指标对结肠癌分型有一定意义，对管状腺癌分级有较好的诊断价值。     

应用吻合器行中、下段直肠癌切除术后吻合口漏──附10例报告

我科自１９８１年３月至１９９１年１２月应用吻合器行中、下段直肠癌切除术６７例，同期发生吻合口漏１０例（１４９％）。本文分析了吻合口漏发生的因素。病变部位、病灶范围、术中操作技术、术前肠道灌洗以及术后骶前引流是影响吻合口漏的重要因素。本文总结了吻合口漏的治疗方法，提倡保守治疗，或加作暂时性横结肠造口术。     

Elevated extracellular potassium is associated with a reduced extracellular space in rat neural lobe in vitro

Summary Increased neural activity of neurosecretory cells is accompanied by large increases in extracellular K⁺. The possibility that elevations of this ion might involve fluid redistribution and thus affect the size of the extracellular space and the relationship between pituicytes and axons in the rat neural lobe was explored using rapid freezing and freeze-substitution. Neural lobes were incubated for 15 min before freezing either in a normal medium or one containing a 10 mM increase in KCl (high KCl), a 10 mM increase in KCl balanced by an equimolar reduction in NaCl (high KCl-low NaCl), or only a 10 mM reduction in NaCl (low NaCl). A quantitative assessment of the region of good fixation was made to determine the relative fractions occupied by axons, pituicytes and the extracellular space near the neurohaemal contact zone. In addition, the percentage of basal lamina contacted by pituicytes and axons was calculated, as was the degree of enclosure of axons by pituicytes.In neural lobes incubated in normal medium, the extracellular space accounted for approximately 30% of the cross-sectional area of the neuropil and could be divided into two domains: an extended perivascular space (28–29% of total area); and a narrow (approximately 24 nm; approximately 1% of total) space between closely apposed neurosecretory processes or between these processes and pituicytes. Pituicytes occupied almost 60% of the basal lamina at the neurohaemal contact zone, while axons occupied approximately 20%. Neural lobes incubated in either the high KCl solution, or in the high KCl-low NaCl solution, exhibited a significantly reduced extracellular space, to about 20% of the total area, or a reduction from controls of about one-third. The reduction was complemented by an increased area occupied by axons plus pituicytes. In the high KCl group, the contribution of the narrow spaces (22–24 nm) between apposed processes to the total extracellular space was greatly increased. The group exposed to low NaCl showed high variability in the size of extracellular space, and was thus not significantly different from any other group. No changes in any group were observed in the enclosure of axons by pituicytes, or in the relative amounts of axon and pituicyte apposition to the basal lamina.The subsequent buffering of K⁺ and other ions during periods of increased neuronal activity may be affected by changes in the extracellular space, thereby influencing stimulus-secretion coupling. A shrinkage of the extracellular space and the relative increase in the narrow spaces between processes initiated by elevated K⁺ could also alter the diffusion properties of the neural lobe.     

羟基磷灰石涂层人工股骨柄的临床应用

自１９８９年１２月～１９９３年１１月，共收治各类髋关节病１４例（１５髋），均行ＦＵＲＬＯＮＧ羟基磷灰石（ＨＡ）涂层人工髋关节置换术。术后平均随访３２个月，髋关节功能按Ｈａｒｉｓ评分结果为平均９５分。无患肢疼痛和其它不适症状，亦无术后并发症发生。Ｘ线结果显示，股骨侧假体无松动、下沉表现，周围未见明显透亮线。术后３个月假体表面出现增生性骨反应，并在术后３～４年内逐渐增加。无明显骨萎缩表现。结合实验及临床研究结果，证明此种髋假体应用的短期疗效令人满意，其长期疗效尚有待进一步观察。     

正常人及胃癌患者胃蛋白酶原C基因多态性研究

以ＰＧＣ３０１为探讨，对１０例胃癌组织及１１例正常人体组织基因组ＤＮＡ中胃蛋白酶原Ｃ基因的ＥｃｏＲ Ｉ限制性片段长度多态性作了观察分析。发现在正常人体有三种常见等位片段，分别为２０ｋｂ、５．７ｋｂ及３．６ｋｂ；一种稀有片段，３．５ｋｂ。在胃癌患者，未发现与正常人体不同的等位片段。但是，稀有片段及稀有杂交带型的出现频率高于正常组。这一结果对深入探讨胃蛋白酶原Ｃ基因稀有片段及稀有杂交带型对胃癌的诊断价     

305例老年死亡病例医院感染回顾性调查

本文结果表明,305例老年死亡病例医院感染的发病率为33.8％。感染最多部位为肺部(66.9％),其次为尿路感染(19.4％)。高龄患者,侵袭性操作、多种抗生素联合应用,激素疗法等是诱发医院感染的危险因素。58.8％的病原菌为革兰氏阴性杆菌,37.2％为真菌。31株病原菌药敏结果显示耐药率为33.3％。本文指出合理应用抗生素是预防医院感染的重要措施之一。