2020年器官移植免疫学实验研究进展

器官移植技术发展迅速, 但移植器官的长期存活和功能维持依旧离不开免疫抑制剂的大量使用。当前, 器官移植术后发生的排斥反应、感染等仍是移植科医师和受者需要面对的主要问题。为了进一步探究排斥反应和免疫耐受的基本生物学原理, 解答诸多临床器官移植过程中的病理生理学相关问题, 为器官移植更广泛、有效地推广应用提供基础理论依据和临床干预的指导, 器官移植领域的基础研究仍在稳步向前推进。2020年, 研究者在器官移植免疫应答基本规律、克服移植排斥反应、诱导移植免疫耐受等方面的基础研究有诸多重要进展。本文主要从免疫细胞亚群和免疫分子两大方向对2020年研究者诱导移植免疫耐受的部分新尝试和进展进行总结, 并简要展望了未来器官移植免疫学的主要发展方向。     

急性心肌梗死冠脉介入治疗前后中医辨证治疗思路与方法——附70例患者治疗分析

在对急性心肌梗死(AMI)的救治中,冠脉介入治疗有着不可替代的作用,在应用冠脉介入治疗手段干预的情况下,如何进行中医的辨证治疗是一个值得探讨的论题。作为率先在全国开展冠脉介入治疗的中医院,我们将近3年来在我院成功接受冠脉介入治疗和中医治疗的AMI患者的思路与方法总结于下。     

Effect of statins use on the prevention of venous thromboembolism： a meta-analysis

ObjectiveTo estimate the effect of statins use on the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE).MethodsWe systematically searched MEDLINE (1980-June 2012), EMBASE (1980-June 2012), Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and ISI Web of Science, manually reviewed references, and contacted experts. Case-control studies and cohort studies that compared any dose of statin with no statin or placebo are included. Data extraction and study quality evaluation were independently conducted in duplicate.Results12 studies including four cohort studies and eight case-control studies were identified and eligible for meta-analysis. Upon meta-analysis, statin use was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the odds of developing VTE (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.86–0.96).ConclusionThis meta-analysis of current and available literature suggests that statins can reduce patient's risk of developing VTE. Due to the limitations of observational study, this conclusion should be considered with caution, and additionally, specifical well-designed trials are needed.     

伊里扎诺夫技术修复兔胫骨骨缺损成骨机制的研究

目的探讨截骨推移区骨愈合的组织学特点和新骨形成规律。方法取青紫蓝兔24只,建立胫骨大段骨缺损模型,在近干骺端截骨。分别于截骨后第1、2、4、6、8、10周各处死4只兔,在近干骺端的分离区取材进行组织学观察。结果截骨后第1周出现血肿机化,第4周出现膜内成骨和软骨内成骨,第6周推移区大部分被骨性骨痂取代,第8周开始改建。结论推移区存在膜内成骨和软骨内成骨2种方式,以膜内成骨为主。     

Fungal adhesion protein guides community behaviors and autoinduction in a paracrine manner

Microbes live mostly in a social community rather than in a planktonic state. Such communities have complex spatiotemporal patterns that require intercellular communication to coordinate gene expression. Here, we demonstrate that Cryptococcus neoformans, a model eukaryotic pathogen, responds to an extracellular signal in constructing its colony morphology. The signal that directs this community behavior is not a molecule of low molecular weight like pheromones or quorum-sensing molecules but a secreted protein. Znf2, a master regulator of morphogenesis in Cryptococcus, is necessary and sufficient for the production of this signal protein. Cfl1, a prominent Znf2-downstream adhesion protein (adhesin), was identified to be responsible for the paracrine communication. Consistent with its role in communication, Cfl1 is highly induced during mating colony differentiation, and some of the Cfl1 proteins undergo shedding and are released from the cell wall. The released Cfl1 is enriched in the extracellular matrix and acts as an autoinduction signal to stimulate neighboring cells to phenocopy Cfl1-expressing cells via the filamentation-signaling pathway. We further demonstrate the importance of an unannotated and yet conserved domain in Cfl1’s signaling activity. Although adhesion proteins have long been considered to be mediators of microbial pathogenicity and the structural components of biofilms, our work presented here provides the direct evidence supporting the signaling activation by microbial adhesion/matrix proteins.     

基于护理岗位需求的高职生物化学教学改革

基于专业岗位需求的课程改革是目前我国职业教育基础课程改革的方向。通过分析高职护理专业生物化学教学改革背景,重构生物化学课程的教学内容与教学实施,探讨基于护理岗位需求的高职生物化学课程教学改革。     

医用间隙性气囊气圈设计与应用

为预防卧床病人发生压疮,病人在使用传统橡胶气圈时,气圈的圈部面积都在直接和皮肤接触,为了减少刺激,家属往往在橡胶气圈上包上毛巾或棉布,使病人臀部皮肤避免直接接触气圈橡胶,同时又不能随意调整橡胶气圈高度,且气圈因长时间充气垫在病人臀部,皮肤与气圈接触范围大,易引起接触部位红、痒、不舒服等病症。因此,为了使病人减少或减轻接触部位红、     

“互联网+”延续护理的研究进展

对"互联网+"延续护理相关概念、发展背景、主要应用形式进行综述,其主要应用形式包括基于常规通信软件的延续护理、开发移动健康应用程序(App)、基于远程监控系统及网络平台的延续护理、大数据分析技术应用于延续护理,并总结影响我国"互联网+"延续护理应用的因素,旨在为今后推广"互联网+"延续护理模式,提高护理服务质量提供参考。