Cellular characterization of blastocysts derived from rabbit 4-, 8- and 16-cell embryos and isolated blastomeres cultured in vitro

The purpose of this study was to investigate the developmental potential of isolated rabbit blastomeres under various culture conditions to gain insight into their ability to form the two cell lineages of a viable blastocyst. Intact embryos at the 4-cell, 8-cell, 16-cell stages and blastomeres isolated from 4-, 8- and 16-cell rabbit embryos (1/4, 1/8 or 1/16 blastomeres respectively) were cultured in drops of one of three different media, each supplemented with either fetal calf serum (FCS), bovine serum albumin (BSA) or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The effects of the extracellular matrix fibronectin (FN) on the development of isolated rabbit blastomeres were also investigated. Supplementation of the medium with FCS yielded a higher (P < 0.05) proportion of blastocysts than BSA or PVA, predominantly from 1/4 blastomeres. No major differences were found between the three basic culture media. In 1/4, 1/8 or 1/16 blastomeres, blastocyst formation rates were greater (P < 0.05) in groups cultured in matrix-free (54.5, 59.6 and 54.6% respectively) than in FN-coated groups (35.4, 46.0 and 26.1% respectively). Only in blastocysts derived from 1/4 blastomeres, were the numbers of inner cell mass (ICM) and total cells of blastocysts higher (P < 0.05) in FN-coated groups than in matrix-free groups (12.7 +/- 1.1 versus 8.5 +/- 0.7 ICM, 73.8 +/- 3. 7 versus 57.8 +/- 3.3 total cells). The percentage of blastocysts derived from single blastomeres with ICM cells decreased with increasing cell stage of the parent embryos in FN-coated (93.6, 78.3 and 44.0%, respectively) as well as matrix-free groups (96.2, 69.3 and 55.2%). In FN-coated groups, after 96 h (1/4) or 72 h (1/8 and 1/16) of culture, approximately 20-30% of blastomeres did not develop into normal blastocysts but formed sheets with 30-50 cells attached to the bottom of the dishes. These results indicate that the development of rabbit blastomeres shares important characteristics with those from mouse and domestic species and may thus aid in developing an efficient culture system for blastomeres, derived from human embryos.     

茶色素治疗糖尿病前后血液流变性和微循环检测分析

目的：观察茶色素治疗糖尿病前后血液流变微循环的变化。方法：糖尿病人88例，男71例，女17例，年龄32～64岁。口服茶色素2粒（250mg），每日3次，疗程为30天。结果：血液流变学参数、微循环积分值、血生化指标、RIA都有明显改善（P＜0．01或P＜0．05）。结论：茶色素可以明显改善糖尿病人血液流变性和微循环多项检测指标，值得临床推广应用。     

Heat shock proteins generate beta-chemokines which function as innate adjuvants enhancing adaptive immunity

Heat shock proteins (HSP) are widely distributed and highly immunogenic molecules. A novel property reported here is that stimulation with HSP70 of CD8-enriched T cells derived from naive non-human primates caused a dose-dependent increase in concentrations of the beta-chemokines RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha or MIP-1beta. However, the concentrations of these beta-chemokines were greatly increased when the CD8 T cells derived from HSP70-immunized non-human primates were stimulated with HSP70. HSP linked to peptides or proteins combined generation of beta-chemokines with an adjuvant function by enhancing specific T cell proliferative responses and IgG and IgA antibodies. The beta-chemokine and adjuvant functions were also elicited by topical mucosal administration of HSP linked to an antigen. We postulate that microbial HSP can stimulate beta-chemokine production which may be responsible for innate adjuvanticity, as was found in cells eluted from normal rectal mucosal tissue, and constitutes a significant component of the mucosal-associated lymphoid system. Furthermore, stimulation of innate immunity may drive adaptive immunity and account for the protective effects of HSP against tumors and viruses.     

ICU护理人力资源配置对脓毒症休克集束化治疗完成率的影响

目的调查分析我国重症医学科不同护理人力资源配置对脓毒症休克集束化治疗完成率的影响。方法基于全国重症医学质量控制大数据平台,调查全国1 065家医院重症医学科护理人力配置情况,比较不同省份（自治区、直辖市）ICU护理人力配置状况下脓毒症休克3 h内和6 h内集束化治疗完成率。结果3 h内集束化治疗完成率79.0%,6 h内集束化治疗完成率69.5%。护床比在≤1.5:1、1.5:1～2.0:1、≥2.0:1情况下,脓毒症休克3 h内集束化治疗完成率分别为0.69、0.79、0.83,6h内集束化治疗完成率分别为0.45、0.70、0.75。结论ICU护床比影响脓毒症休克集束化治疗完成率。护床比增加,脓毒症休克集束化治疗完成率提高。建议适当提高重症医学科护理人力资源配比,以提高脓毒症休克患者救治质量。     

黄梅时节话"真菌"

李大姐人值中年,身体别无大恙,唯一烦心的是,近3年来一到梅雨季节,脚趾间就出现红肿、渗液、瘙痒.由于秋冬季节会自然减轻,未予特别重视.可今年情况与以往不同,除足趾间糜烂、渗液外,足背还严重肿胀,影响步行,全身起红斑、丘疹、瘙痒难耐,无奈只得去医院诊治.经医生取皮屑在显微镜下检查,发现了致病的罪魁祸首——真菌,李大姐所患皮肤病为"糜烂型足癣并发癣菌疹".     

水中油类污染物生物处理技术方法概述

水中油类污染物是海洋和港区环境污染的主要因素之一,水中油类污染物处理技术的研究和应用具有重要意义。简述油类污染物在水中存在的状态、水中油类污染物处理的主要技术方法以及生物处理技术方法研究进展,并分析了水中油类污染物生物处理技术方法的研究趋势和应用前景。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ上调BaX表达诱导人内皮细胞凋亡

为了研究血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)诱导凋亡的机制,将人脐静脉内皮细胞培养至第3代,用不同浓度Ang Ⅱ培养不同时间,用TUNEL检测细胞凋亡.Bax和Bcl-2蛋白表达用Western Blot和图像分析法测定.结果发现Ang Ⅱ组的凋亡阳性率极显著高于对照组;Bax的表达极显著地升高且具有时间和剂量依赖性,Bcl-2无显著变化,Bax/Bcl-2比值极显著地增加.提示AngⅡ通过诱导Bax的高表达,致Bax/Bcl-2比值极显著地增加而诱发凋亡.     

上海市区30～74岁居民1989～1999年10年来的饮食结构变化

目的　了解上海市区30～74岁居民1989～1999年10年来的饮食结构变化。方法　从上海市10个市区具有常住户口的居民中,按人口比例抽样,年龄30～74岁,实际完成调查1579人,以中老年人为主。采用统一的调查表上门访问;采用饮食频率调查法,比较15类常见食品的年人均消耗量。结果　1999年与1989年相比,大米、面食、猪肉、牛羊肉及动物油类的年人均消耗量分别下降了20.0%、9.6%、17.6%、20.0%、80.0%;玉米、河海鱼虾、蛋、奶制品、新鲜水果及植物油类的消耗量分别上升了37.0%、9.4%、16.3%、60.9%、53.5%、31.8%;以上变化经检验,差别均有显著性(P＜0.05)。杂粮、家禽肉、豆及其制品、新鲜蔬菜的消耗量,10年来无显著变化。男女分别来看,玉米及家禽肉的消耗量,男性无显著变化,女性分别增加了45.9%和13.4%,差别有显著性(P＜0.05);牛羊肉、豆及其制品的消耗量,男性分别减少23.2%和增加16.7%,差别有显著性(P＜0.05),女性均无显著变化。结论　从1989～1999年,上海市中老年人群的饮食结构有较大变化,饮食结构更趋于合理。     

孤束核内鼓索传入味觉神经元的形态与功能的关系

雄性SD大鼠54只，体重250～300g，用细胞内记录和细胞内注射的方法，将灌注的（2％NB溶于0.1mol／LKCl，pH7．4）记录电极（尖端直径80～100nm，电阻60～100MΩ）置于孤束核吻侧部，同时用味素（盐，酸，糖，苦）灌洗舌。在完成生理学记录、确认其至少对一种味素起反应后，进行细胞内注射．成色反应证明71个吻例孤束核味觉神经元被标记．标记神经元经三维重组系统重组后，依据细胞体积、胞体面积、树突节段平均长度、膨体密度、树突棘密度和初级树突数量等六个形态学特征，进行统计学（ANOVA）定量分析，将标记细胞分为A，B，C，D，E，F六类．每类细胞至少有一个形态学特征与其它五类有显著的不同．本研究还发现味谱值与标记细胞的大小及树突分校点的数量呈正相关而与树突棘密度呈负相关；对四种基本味素反应的标记细胞数量依次为盐＞酸＞甜＞苦；C类神经元的味谱值较小；单纯对苦（Quinine）反应的神经元与单纯对其它三种味素反应的神经元相比，具有胞体小、树突在冠状和矢状切面上的扩展范围小、树突整体接受面积也小的特征；在对盐类反应的神经元中，单纯氯化钠反应神经元与对所有盐类都反应的神经元相比，具有胞体表面积大、树突接受区域大、树突总长度长及在水平切面上吻尾扩展长的特点。此结果为?