妊娠梅毒

妊娠合并梅毒可致严重后果．我国某些地区发病率很高。应采取以产前筛查为主的综合干预措施。     

颞骨先天性胆脂瘤的临床诊治分析

目的 :探讨颞骨先天性胆脂瘤的诊断及治疗方法。方法 :对 1980～ 2 0 0 2年收治的 16例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 :16例均经手术治疗、病理证实。经 0 .5～ 3年的随访 ,面瘫恢复或部分恢复 6例 ,听力提高 5例 ,2例复发再次手术治愈 ,无特殊严重的并发症。结论 :诊断本病应根据患者的症状、体征及影像学检查结果 ,MRI可良好地显示病灶及其与周围 (包括颅内结构 )的关系 ,同时也是诊断先天性胆脂瘤的重要方法。鼓膜完整不是诊断的必要条件 ,手术径路的选择应根据病变范围而定 ,彻底清除病变是防止复发的关键。     

影响药物流产效果的相关因素分析

目的:分析影响药物流产成功的相关因素,指导药物流产的临床使用。方法:对1311例早孕药物流产患者的年龄、孕产次、子宫位置及人流史与药流不全的关系进行分析。结果:总的药流不全率为40.3%。不同年龄组药流不全比例没有显著性差异;子宫位置中,后屈者药流不全率高达62.5%,前倾位者药流不全率为4.6%;初孕者药流成功率高达82.0%;随着人流次数的增多,药流不全率明显增高。结论:影响药物流产成功的因素有子宫屈位、既往分娩史及人流史。     

腺苷蛋氨酸治疗新生儿黄疸202例

目的观察腺苷蛋氨酸(SAMe)治疗新生儿黄疸的疗效,探讨其作用机制。方法新生儿黄疸患儿278例,随机分为两组。对照组76例予以肝酶诱导剂、光疗等综合治疗;治疗组202例在综合治疗基础上加用SAMe 30~60 mg/(kg.d),静脉注射。动态检测血清总胆红素(T-BILI)、直接胆红素(D-BILI)、间接胆红素(I-BILI)。结果治疗组用药6 d后血清T-BILI、D-BILII、-BILI明显下降。治疗组较对照组治愈率明显高,与对照比较应用血液制品、清蛋白(Alb)次数及应用血液制品、Alb血浆的比例明显减少。治疗组以葡萄糖注射液溶解药物者2.68%发生浅表血管静脉炎。结论SAMe能有效地加快新生儿黄疸的消退,减少血液制品应用,是新生儿黄疸可靠、安全的治疗药物。     

计算机放射摄影(CR)的前景分析

本文针对我国大中型医院传统X线摄影的现状,结合对DR、PACS的发展分析,全面阐述了运用CR成像技术的潜力和前景.     

基于影像组学分类器术前预测直肠非黏液性腺癌淋巴结转移

目的：探讨影像组学方法在术前预测直肠非黏液性腺癌淋巴结转移中的价值。方法：回顾性分析91例手术病理切片证实为直肠非黏液性腺癌患者的影像学资料,其中61例为训练样本,30例为验证样本。基于全瘤体积,从每个原发病灶术前高分辨T2加权成像(T2-weighted imaging,T2WI)图像中提取影像组学特征1 301个。基于训练样本,利用最小绝对收缩和选择算子(the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,LASSO)逻辑回归方法筛选关键特征并构建影像组学分类器。采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评价影像组学分类器的辨别效能,并将其与形态学标准进行比较。在验证样本中验证影像组学分类器的价值。结果：由5个影像组学特征构建的分类器与淋巴结转移状态有关(P<0.001)。在训练样本和验证样本中,影像组学分类器诊断淋巴结转移的曲线下面积分别为0.874(95% CI：0.787~0.960)和0.878(95% CI：0.727~1.000),形态学标准诊断淋巴结转移的曲线下面积分别为0.619(95% CI：0.487~0.752)和0.556(95% CI：0.355~0.756)。无论是训练样本还是验证样本,影像组学分类器的诊断效能均高于形态学标准(均P<0.05)。结论：影像组学分类器可术前个体化预测直肠非黏液性腺癌淋巴结转移,而且其诊断效能高于形态学标准。     

脊髓型颈椎病患者三维有限元模型的构建与生物力学分析

目的：构建颈部三维有限元模型(finite element model,FEM),初步分析脊髓型颈椎病(cervical spondylotic myelopathy,CSM)患者与对照者颈部生物力学的差异,为CSM发病机制的研究提供生物力学依据。方法：以1名CSM患者作为力学模拟实验对象进行三维CT扫描,并构建颈部三维FEM依照患者的年龄、性别、身高、体重等参数选取本团队已有的健康颈部三维FEM作为对照,比较患者和对照者在颈椎正常受力情况下椎体、椎间盘、韧带及脊髓的应力差异,以及后仰伸运动后最大应力的差异。结果：成功构建CSM患者及对照者FEM模型,并进行力学分析,CSM患者颈椎椎体受力差异C5~C6节段最明显,对照者和患者的最大应力部位均在椎体前缘,CSM患者椎体前缘的最大应力小于对照者;CSM患者椎间盘应力分布不均匀,最大应力部位集中在椎间盘底部后缘的两侧;CSM患者各韧带的应力分布不均匀,其中后纵韧带应力最大。CSM患者颈椎在后仰伸运动时范围受限。结论：CSM患者相对于对照者可能存在颈部椎体、椎间盘及韧带受力平衡的改变和颈椎运动范围的受限,这可能与CSM力学发病机制相关。     

Individual and joint effects of borderline ankle-brachial index and high plasma total homocysteine on all-cause death in hypertensive adults

BACKGROUNDThe cardiovascular hazards of total homocysteine (tHcy) are long known. In addition, despite the acknowledgment on the importance of low ankle-brachial index (ABI) (< 0.9), borderline ABI (0.91-0.99) was once commonly overlooked. This study aims to explore the independent and joint effect of tHcy level and borderline ABI on all-cause death in hypertensive population.METHODSThis study included 10,538 participants from China H-type Hypertension Registry Study. ABI was described into two groups: normal ABI (1.00-1.40) and borderline ABI. tHcy level was also divided into two groups: < 15.02 and ≥ 15.02 μmo/L. Four groups were analyzed, using COX proportional hazard regression model, separately and pairwise to observe the independent and joint effect on all-cause death.RESULTSA total of 126 (1.2%) deaths were observed in the 1.7 years follow-up time. Borderline ABI has a higher predicted risk of death than normal ABI (HR = 1.87, 95%CI: 1.17-3.00) after adjusting for potential covariates. Compare with tHcy level < 15.02 μmo/L (low tHcy), those with tHcy ≥ 15.02 μmo/L (high tHcy) had higher risk to event outcome (HR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.30-3.05). According to the cumulative hazard curve, group with borderline ABI and high tHcy level has significantly higher altitude and larger increasing rate over follow-up period compare to other groups. Among those with borderline ABI, participants with high tHcy had higher death risk than those with low tHcy, nevertheless, no significant different between borderline and normal ABI among those with low tHcy levels.CONCLUSIONSBorderline ABI and tHcy level both have independent predictive value on all-cause death. The combined group of borderline ABI and high tHcy has highest risk factor of outcomes, which suggested the mutual additive value of borderline ABI and tHcy. More attention should be given to the importance of borderline ABI in hypertensive population, especially with elevated tHcy level.

Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing, non-proteinogenic amino acid synthesized through the transmethylation of amino acid methionine from one-carbon metabolism. Elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) level is associated with endothelial dysfunction, increased blood coagulation, and metabolic disturbance, promoting cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and coronary artery disease.^[1,2] Notably, patients with high Hcy levels and concomitant hypertension were suggested to be at particularly higher risk.^[3] Moreover, increasing studies have explored a positive association between advanced Hcy level with all-cause mortality. According to a recent dose-response meta-analysis, for each 5-μmol/L increment of tHcy levels, the risk for all-cause mortality increased by 33.6%.^[4]The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is an effective, well-established measure that is commonly used in the diagnosis of peripheral artery disease (PAD),^[5] meanwhile was well studied as an important indicator of atherosclerosis and CVD events.^[6] Although ankle-brachial index (ABI) ≤ 0.90 has been recognized as the threshold value for abnormal/low ABI, which was proven to increase the risk of all-cause mortality,^[7] a study from the American Heart Association has suggested ABI between 0.91 and 1.00 should be considered as “borderline area” in terms of cardiovascular risks,^[8] considering of prior probability and sensitivity of ABI calculation. Emerging studies have aimed to explore the predictive value of borderline ABI,^[9-11] however, controversy remains because of limited and inconsistent data. The current study aimed to explore the individual and joint effect of borderline ABI and tHcy on all-cause mortality among hypertensive adults. Although ABI level ≤ 0.90 has been and is going to remain significant in clinical practice, we believe broader concern should be placed on borderline ABI, especially for its value in risk differentiation and identification. To the best of our knowledge, there are no similar previous studies.     

牛磺酸治疗高血压病的疗效及对血管内皮细胞功能的影响

目的观察牛磺酸对原发性高血压病(EH)病人的疗效及血管内皮活性物质内皮素1(ET-1)、血栓素A2(TXA2)、一氧化氮(NO)和降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)的影响。方法56例EH病人用牛磺酸治疗2个月,观察用药前后血中ET-1、NO、CGRP和TXA2的变化。结果牛磺酸治疗EH总有效率为71.4%。牛磺酸治疗后血中NO、CGRP浓度均较治疗前显著升高(P<0.01),血中ET、TXA2浓度显著下降(P<0.01)。结论牛磺酸有较好的降压作用,可明显改善EH病人血管内皮功能。     

基于ACE/AngⅡ/AT1R通路探讨补肾降压方对盐敏感性高血压大鼠肾纤维化的作用机制

目的：探讨补肾降压方对盐敏感性高血压DS大鼠肾纤维化及肾素血管紧张素转换酶-血管紧张素Ⅱ-血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体（ACE-AngⅡ-AT1R）信号通路的调节作用,探讨其防治高血压肾损害的作用机制。方法：选用盐敏感性高血压大鼠（Dahl salt-sensitve,DS)48只,随机数字表法分为低盐组、高盐组、缬沙坦组和补肾降压组,喂食以不同浓度钠盐饲料造模后,予药物干预8周。于干预前后测量血压。干预后酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)血清中血肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮（BUN）、血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）及转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1)的含量。苏木精-伊红（HE）染色观察肾组织病理学改变情况,Masson染色观察肾纤维化程度。反转录PCR（RT-PCR）及蛋白质印迹法分别检测肾脏血管紧张素转化酶（ACE）及血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体(AT1R)mRNA及蛋白表达水平。结果：喂食3周不同浓度盐后,喂食高盐各组收缩压均较低盐组升高（P<0.01）。干预后,与低盐组比较,高盐组收缩压升高,Cr、BUN升高,血清AngⅡ及TGF-β1水平升高,HE及Masson染色显示肾脏纤维化程度加重,肾脏ACE及AT1R蛋白及mRNA表达升高（P<0.01）。与高盐组比较,缬沙坦组及补肾降压组收缩压降低,Cr、BUN降低,血清Ang Ⅱ及TGF-β1水平降低,肾脏纤维化程度减轻,肾脏ACE及AT1R蛋白及mRNA表达降低（P<0.05,P<0.01）。结论：补肾降压方有平稳降压,改善肾功能的作用,其作用机制可能与调节ACE/AngⅡ/AT1R轴进而抑制TGF-β1达到延缓肾纤维化相关。