计算机放射摄影(CR)的前景分析

本文针对我国大中型医院传统X线摄影的现状,结合对DR、PACS的发展分析,全面阐述了运用CR成像技术的潜力和前景.     

基于影像组学分类器术前预测直肠非黏液性腺癌淋巴结转移

目的：探讨影像组学方法在术前预测直肠非黏液性腺癌淋巴结转移中的价值。方法：回顾性分析91例手术病理切片证实为直肠非黏液性腺癌患者的影像学资料,其中61例为训练样本,30例为验证样本。基于全瘤体积,从每个原发病灶术前高分辨T2加权成像(T2-weighted imaging,T2WI)图像中提取影像组学特征1 301个。基于训练样本,利用最小绝对收缩和选择算子(the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,LASSO)逻辑回归方法筛选关键特征并构建影像组学分类器。采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评价影像组学分类器的辨别效能,并将其与形态学标准进行比较。在验证样本中验证影像组学分类器的价值。结果：由5个影像组学特征构建的分类器与淋巴结转移状态有关(P<0.001)。在训练样本和验证样本中,影像组学分类器诊断淋巴结转移的曲线下面积分别为0.874(95% CI：0.787~0.960)和0.878(95% CI：0.727~1.000),形态学标准诊断淋巴结转移的曲线下面积分别为0.619(95% CI：0.487~0.752)和0.556(95% CI：0.355~0.756)。无论是训练样本还是验证样本,影像组学分类器的诊断效能均高于形态学标准(均P<0.05)。结论：影像组学分类器可术前个体化预测直肠非黏液性腺癌淋巴结转移,而且其诊断效能高于形态学标准。     

脊髓型颈椎病患者三维有限元模型的构建与生物力学分析

目的：构建颈部三维有限元模型(finite element model,FEM),初步分析脊髓型颈椎病(cervical spondylotic myelopathy,CSM)患者与对照者颈部生物力学的差异,为CSM发病机制的研究提供生物力学依据。方法：以1名CSM患者作为力学模拟实验对象进行三维CT扫描,并构建颈部三维FEM依照患者的年龄、性别、身高、体重等参数选取本团队已有的健康颈部三维FEM作为对照,比较患者和对照者在颈椎正常受力情况下椎体、椎间盘、韧带及脊髓的应力差异,以及后仰伸运动后最大应力的差异。结果：成功构建CSM患者及对照者FEM模型,并进行力学分析,CSM患者颈椎椎体受力差异C5~C6节段最明显,对照者和患者的最大应力部位均在椎体前缘,CSM患者椎体前缘的最大应力小于对照者;CSM患者椎间盘应力分布不均匀,最大应力部位集中在椎间盘底部后缘的两侧;CSM患者各韧带的应力分布不均匀,其中后纵韧带应力最大。CSM患者颈椎在后仰伸运动时范围受限。结论：CSM患者相对于对照者可能存在颈部椎体、椎间盘及韧带受力平衡的改变和颈椎运动范围的受限,这可能与CSM力学发病机制相关。     

Individual and joint effects of borderline ankle-brachial index and high plasma total homocysteine on all-cause death in hypertensive adults

BACKGROUNDThe cardiovascular hazards of total homocysteine (tHcy) are long known. In addition, despite the acknowledgment on the importance of low ankle-brachial index (ABI) (< 0.9), borderline ABI (0.91-0.99) was once commonly overlooked. This study aims to explore the independent and joint effect of tHcy level and borderline ABI on all-cause death in hypertensive population.METHODSThis study included 10,538 participants from China H-type Hypertension Registry Study. ABI was described into two groups: normal ABI (1.00-1.40) and borderline ABI. tHcy level was also divided into two groups: < 15.02 and ≥ 15.02 μmo/L. Four groups were analyzed, using COX proportional hazard regression model, separately and pairwise to observe the independent and joint effect on all-cause death.RESULTSA total of 126 (1.2%) deaths were observed in the 1.7 years follow-up time. Borderline ABI has a higher predicted risk of death than normal ABI (HR = 1.87, 95%CI: 1.17-3.00) after adjusting for potential covariates. Compare with tHcy level < 15.02 μmo/L (low tHcy), those with tHcy ≥ 15.02 μmo/L (high tHcy) had higher risk to event outcome (HR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.30-3.05). According to the cumulative hazard curve, group with borderline ABI and high tHcy level has significantly higher altitude and larger increasing rate over follow-up period compare to other groups. Among those with borderline ABI, participants with high tHcy had higher death risk than those with low tHcy, nevertheless, no significant different between borderline and normal ABI among those with low tHcy levels.CONCLUSIONSBorderline ABI and tHcy level both have independent predictive value on all-cause death. The combined group of borderline ABI and high tHcy has highest risk factor of outcomes, which suggested the mutual additive value of borderline ABI and tHcy. More attention should be given to the importance of borderline ABI in hypertensive population, especially with elevated tHcy level.

Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing, non-proteinogenic amino acid synthesized through the transmethylation of amino acid methionine from one-carbon metabolism. Elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) level is associated with endothelial dysfunction, increased blood coagulation, and metabolic disturbance, promoting cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and coronary artery disease.^[1,2] Notably, patients with high Hcy levels and concomitant hypertension were suggested to be at particularly higher risk.^[3] Moreover, increasing studies have explored a positive association between advanced Hcy level with all-cause mortality. According to a recent dose-response meta-analysis, for each 5-μmol/L increment of tHcy levels, the risk for all-cause mortality increased by 33.6%.^[4]The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is an effective, well-established measure that is commonly used in the diagnosis of peripheral artery disease (PAD),^[5] meanwhile was well studied as an important indicator of atherosclerosis and CVD events.^[6] Although ankle-brachial index (ABI) ≤ 0.90 has been recognized as the threshold value for abnormal/low ABI, which was proven to increase the risk of all-cause mortality,^[7] a study from the American Heart Association has suggested ABI between 0.91 and 1.00 should be considered as “borderline area” in terms of cardiovascular risks,^[8] considering of prior probability and sensitivity of ABI calculation. Emerging studies have aimed to explore the predictive value of borderline ABI,^[9-11] however, controversy remains because of limited and inconsistent data. The current study aimed to explore the individual and joint effect of borderline ABI and tHcy on all-cause mortality among hypertensive adults. Although ABI level ≤ 0.90 has been and is going to remain significant in clinical practice, we believe broader concern should be placed on borderline ABI, especially for its value in risk differentiation and identification. To the best of our knowledge, there are no similar previous studies.     

牛磺酸治疗高血压病的疗效及对血管内皮细胞功能的影响

目的观察牛磺酸对原发性高血压病(EH)病人的疗效及血管内皮活性物质内皮素1(ET-1)、血栓素A2(TXA2)、一氧化氮(NO)和降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)的影响。方法56例EH病人用牛磺酸治疗2个月,观察用药前后血中ET-1、NO、CGRP和TXA2的变化。结果牛磺酸治疗EH总有效率为71.4%。牛磺酸治疗后血中NO、CGRP浓度均较治疗前显著升高(P<0.01),血中ET、TXA2浓度显著下降(P<0.01)。结论牛磺酸有较好的降压作用,可明显改善EH病人血管内皮功能。     

基于ACE/AngⅡ/AT1R通路探讨补肾降压方对盐敏感性高血压大鼠肾纤维化的作用机制

目的：探讨补肾降压方对盐敏感性高血压DS大鼠肾纤维化及肾素血管紧张素转换酶-血管紧张素Ⅱ-血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体（ACE-AngⅡ-AT1R）信号通路的调节作用,探讨其防治高血压肾损害的作用机制。方法：选用盐敏感性高血压大鼠（Dahl salt-sensitve,DS)48只,随机数字表法分为低盐组、高盐组、缬沙坦组和补肾降压组,喂食以不同浓度钠盐饲料造模后,予药物干预8周。于干预前后测量血压。干预后酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)血清中血肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮（BUN）、血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）及转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1)的含量。苏木精-伊红（HE）染色观察肾组织病理学改变情况,Masson染色观察肾纤维化程度。反转录PCR（RT-PCR）及蛋白质印迹法分别检测肾脏血管紧张素转化酶（ACE）及血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体(AT1R)mRNA及蛋白表达水平。结果：喂食3周不同浓度盐后,喂食高盐各组收缩压均较低盐组升高（P<0.01）。干预后,与低盐组比较,高盐组收缩压升高,Cr、BUN升高,血清AngⅡ及TGF-β1水平升高,HE及Masson染色显示肾脏纤维化程度加重,肾脏ACE及AT1R蛋白及mRNA表达升高（P<0.01）。与高盐组比较,缬沙坦组及补肾降压组收缩压降低,Cr、BUN降低,血清Ang Ⅱ及TGF-β1水平降低,肾脏纤维化程度减轻,肾脏ACE及AT1R蛋白及mRNA表达降低（P<0.05,P<0.01）。结论：补肾降压方有平稳降压,改善肾功能的作用,其作用机制可能与调节ACE/AngⅡ/AT1R轴进而抑制TGF-β1达到延缓肾纤维化相关。     

皮肤对紫外线红斑反应敏感度的季节因素研究

目的：比较春夏秋冬4个季节不同部位皮肤对紫外线红斑反应的敏感性,了解皮肤紫外线红斑反应敏感度的影响因素。方法：春夏秋冬4个季节分别在40名受试者的前臂伸侧（曝光部位）和上臂屈侧（非曝光部位）使用中波紫外线（UVB）（181．44、140．40、88．56、56．16mJ）及长波紫外线（UVA）＋UVB03．49J／364．80mJ,9．91J／273．60mJ,6．62J／190．00mJ,4．45J／125．40mJ）西各4个剂量进行照射。照射前及照射后10min、24h、48h、第7天、第14天进行临床评分和使用Mexameter（皮肤黑素和血红素测定仪）进行检测,计算皮肤红斑指数改变率（EIR）。结果：①非曝光部位红斑反应强度在春季显著大于其他季节（P〈0．05）,与非曝光部位的四季皮肤基础色素情况完全一致,且具有相关性（P〈0．05）。②春季和其他3个季节间曝光部位红斑反应强度差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：四季中春季对紫外线红斑反应的敏感性最高。表皮中黑素含量会影响皮肤对紫外线的敏感性。     

泰素帝联合顺铂治疗晚期食管癌34例

目的 观察泰素帝(PTX)联合顺铂(DDP)治疗晚期食管癌的疗效及毒副反应.方法 全组34例初治病人均为晚期食管癌患者,采用TP方案治疗,第1天PTX 135/m2,第3、4天DDP 75 mg/m2分2次给药,21～28 d为1周期,至少应用2个周期.结果 34例患者中,CR 5例,PR 18例,SD 7例,PD 4例,总有效率(OR) 67.6%(23/34).主要毒副反应为骨髓抑制和脱发.结论 TP方案可作为晚期食管癌的一线化疗方案,近期疗效较好,毒副反应较轻.     

医疗失效模式与效应分析在前列腺良性增生患者留置导尿管流程管理中的应用

[目的]探讨医疗失效模式与效应分析(HFMEA)在前列腺良性增生(BPH)患者留置导尿管流程管理中的应用效果.[方法]选取2019年1?6月(实施HFMEA管理前)本院老年病科收治的33例BPH留置导尿管患者作为对照组,选择2019年7?12月(实施HFMEA管理后)收治的35例BPH留置导尿管患者作为观察组.应用HF...     

西洋参茎叶皂甙对大鼠实验性肝损伤的影响

目的：观察国产西洋参茎叶皂甙（ＰＱＳ）对员伤的保护作用。方法：采用急性乙醇中毒大鼠模型为研究对象。结果：ＰＱＳ能降低血清过氧化脂质（ＭＤＡ）、血清谷丙转氨酶（ＳＧＰＴ）、血清谷草转氨酶（ＳＧＯＴ）活性,减少肝脏ＭＤＡ的生成,增加肝谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）活性。结论：提示ＰＱＳ对员伤具有保护作用。