大豆蛋白影响肾损害模型钙摄入和钙排出的实验研究

[目的]研究大豆蛋白对肾损害大鼠钙平衡的影响。[方法]选择3月龄断乳雄性SD大鼠40只．按体质量从小到大排序，采用完全随机化原则分为4组。每组10只。标准饲料对照组：喂食含有14％酪蛋白饲料；大豆蛋白饲料组：喂食含有14％大豆分离蛋白饲料；混合饲料1组：喂食含有7％酪蛋白加7％大豆分离蛋白饲料；混合饲料2组：喂食含有7％酪蛋白加14％大豆分离蛋白饲料。实验期用腺嘌呤灌胃共21d，建立肾损害大鼠模型，各组大鼠喂养相应饲料6周，测饲料消耗量、24h尿蛋白、尿钙、钙表观吸收率、储留钙量。[结果]4组实验大鼠饲料摄入量1d～30d无统计学差异，大豆蛋白饲料组和混合饲料1组实验结束时与另外两组相比，尿钙排泄量低，钙表观吸收率和储留钙量高，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。[结论]蛋白质含量水平在14％条件下，含大豆蛋白的两种饲料对肾损害大鼠钙吸收、钙排泄的影响无统计学差异，有利于促进钙吸收，减少钙排泄。     

A Synergistic Effect Between PG490-88 and Tacrolimus Prolongs Renal Allograft Survival in Monkeys

This study was undertaken to determine if PG490-88 and tacrolimus (Tac) act synergistically to prevent renal allograft rejection in monkeys and to explore possible mechanisms of synergy between these agents. MHC-mismatched renal allografts were transplanted into cynomolgus monkeys after bilateral nephrectomy. Recipients were divided into the following groups: (i) no treatment; (ii) PG490-88 (0.03 mg/kg); (iii) Tac (1 mg/kg); (iv) PG490-88 (0.01 mg/kg) + Tac (1 mg/kg) and (v) PG490-88 (0.03 mg/kg) + Tac (1 mg/kg). Through synergy PG490-88 and Tac inhibited anti-CD3/PMA-induced T-cell proliferation and IFN-gamma expression in vitro. Tac monotherapy only marginally prolonged survival (27 +/- 3.2 days), while the combination of PG490-88 and Tac significantly prolonged graft survival to a median of 99 days (PG490-88 at 0.03 mg) and 38.5 days (PG490-88 at 0.01 mg/kg). Prolonged survival correlated with inhibited IgM production as well as reduced T-cell infiltration, IL-2 protein expression and NF-AT/NF-kappaB activity. We conclude that PG490-88 and a subtherapeutic dose of Tac significantly prolong renal allograft survival in monkeys through the synergistic inhibition of T-cell activation and a decrease in IFN-gamma production and NF-AT/NF-kappaB activity.     

“黑皮”，绝对劣品后遗症

为了变美而使用化妆品，不曾想却伤害了自己的肌肤。本刊记者提醒爱美女孩应引以为戒！[编者按]     

门诊抗菌药物使用调查

目的了解医院门诊抗菌药物应用情况，为临床合理应用抗菌药物提供依据。方法抽查2006年1月至11月份门诊处方18163张，统计抗菌药物使用情况，并评价其合理性。结果含抗菌药物处方5809张，占总处方数31．98％。头孢菌素类药物使用率最高，其次为喹诺酮类。给药途径主要为口服给药。结论抗菌药物应用基本合理，但使用中存在一些问题，应引起重视。     

改变产妇体位矫正胎方位170例临床观察

目的 探讨产程中改变产妇体位以矫正胎位的临床效果。方法 选择潜伏期经内诊或B超确诊为枕后位的初产妇170例,随机分成研究组和对照组,各85例。研究组在产程中指导产妇取侧俯卧位,对照组孕妇任意体位。结果 研究组72例(84.71％)胎儿从枕后位转至枕前位经阴道娩出。剖宫产13例,占15.29％,对照组经阴道娩出仅28例,22.94％,剖宫产57例,67.06％。两组比较,P<0.01),差异有非常显著性。两组产程比较,P<0.01,差异有极显著性。结论 在产程中指导产妇取胎儿脊柱侧行同侧侧俯卧位矫正胎头枕后位可降低难产发生率及剖宫产率,有助于提高分娩质量。     

34例白血病患者血小板聚集和释放功能测定及临床意义

应用全血血小板聚集仪阻抗法对34例白血病患者的血小板聚集和 ATP 释放进行了同步测定。结果表明:白血病患者的血小板聚集和 ATP 释放明显低于正常。提示白血病患者不仅有血小板投量减少,亦存在其聚集及释放功能的障碍。     

DNA探针的高效标记和哺乳动物细胞转化子的检测

本实验采用随机引物法标记探针DNA.探针DNA加热变性成单链,以单链DNA为模板,六聚脱氧核苷酸为引物,在DNA多聚酶I大片段的作用下进行放射性标记.标记探针的比放射性达10~8cpm/μg DNA以上.放射性底物的掺入率为60%.用该方法标记的人高度重复顺序探针,可以检出微微克水平的阳性分子.与人HeLa S_3细胞DNA转化的小鼠LTK~+细胞DNA打点杂交呈阳性,与未经转化的小鼠LTK~-细胞DNA杂交为阴性,证明小鼠转化细胞中存在HeLa细胞DNA,DNA转化是成功的.     

脑梗塞患者血清叶酸维生素B12浓度与同型半胱氨酸及血脂水平的研究

目的探讨本地区脑梗塞患者的血清叶酸、维生素B12（VitB12）与同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平及血脂水平的关系。方法应用全自动化学发光免疫法测定115例脑梗塞患者血清叶酸、维生素B12水平，采用荧光定量分析法测定血清同型半胱氨酸水平，采用免疫比浊法测定血脂水平。结果脑梗塞患者血清叶酸水平明显低于对照组（P〈0．001），血清Hcy及甘油三酯（TG）水平明显高于对照组（P〈0．01），而维生素B12及其余所测血脂指标与健康对照组无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论即时监测血清叶酸、Hcy及TG水平，适当补充叶酸，可早期预防和及时治疗脑血管疾病，降低脑梗塞的发生率及复发率。     

红外热像图在神经外科疾病中应用价值的评价

目的 评价红外热像图在神经外科疾病中应用的价值。方法 应用红外热像图对39例脊髓损伤患者进行躯体温度监测，对31例颅内肿瘤、76例脑梗死、2480例头痛、21例头面部血管瘤进行头部温度监测。结果 红外热像图监测脊髓损伤39例，测出脊髓损伤平面上下无温差14例，平面以下温度增高1-3℃ 13例，下降1-3℃ 12例。经大网膜脊髓移植手术13例，术前脊髓损伤平面以下34℃，术后1个月复查皮肤温度，上升至35℃并伴有麻胀和皮肤湿润感7例，皮肤温度下降0．6℃者6例。热像图可显示血管性头痛颞部高温区，眶上神经痛同侧前额部皮肤低温区，枕大神经痛同侧枕颈部热区；热像图可显示梗死侧有低温区；显示颅内肿瘤颈外血管供血情况；基本上能反映头面部血管瘤血管侵及范围。结论 红外热像图在神经外科有其独特的价值，本技术具有无创、可重复、价廉和检查的非接触性等优点，反映组织代谢活跃状态与程度，是CT等形态学诊断方法的补充，在医学科学的研究和临床应用中具有很大的潜力。     

Application of trans-abdominal chorionic villus sampling in prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal diseases in first trimester of gestation

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility and safety of prenatal diagnosis by traneabdominal chorionic villus sam-pling(TA-CVS)via the guidance of B-mode ultrasound in the first trimester of gestation.To explore the technique of long time culture and chromosome preparation of villi in early pregnancy.To evaluate the feasibility of the above techniques in the application of the prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis.Methods:One hundred and thirty-five singleton pregnancies at risk were referred from January 2001 to Decem-ber 2007.Results:The average maternal age was 35.2 years.TA-CVS was performed in the 10～13th weeks of gestation and the average gestational age was 10.89 weeks.All attempts at sampling were successful.The rate of operation-associated fetal loss was 0.74%.The failure rate of prenatal diagnosis because of inadequate amount of specimen was 0.The average culture time was 5-7 days.The success rate of the cell culture was 98.5%.No maternal con-temination and bacterial contamination happened.Fifteen cases of abnormal karyotype and one case of confined pla-cantel mosaiciem were diagnosed.Conclusion:TA-CVS appears to be safe and feasible and might to be offered in the prenatal diagnosis in the first trimester of gestation.The technique of long time culture and chromosome preparation of villi is stable and reliable.It is feasible to apply these techniques in the clinical practice of prenatal cytogenetic diagnose in the early pregnancy.