Assessing the Association between Important Dietary Habits and Osteoporosis: A Genetic Correlation and Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Objective: Osteoporosis (OP) is the most common bone disease. The genetic and metabolic factors play important roles in OP development. However, the genetic basis of OP is still elusive. The study aimed to explore the relationships between OP and dietary habits. Methods: This study used large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from the UK Biobank to explore potential associations between OP and 143 dietary habits. The GWAS summary data of OP included 9434 self-reported OP cases and 444,941 controls, and the GWAS summary data of the dietary habits included 455,146 participants of European ancestry. Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) was used to detect the genetic correlations between OP and each of the 143 dietary habits, followed by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to further assess the causal relationship between OP and candidate dietary habits identified by LDSC. Results: The LDSC analysis identified seven candidate dietary habits that showed genetic associations with OP including cereal type such as biscuit cereal (coefficient = −0.1693, p value = 0.0183), servings of raw vegetables per day (coefficient = 0.0837, p value = 0.0379), and spirits measured per month (coefficient = 0.115, p value = 0.0353). MR analysis found that OP and PC17 (butter) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.974, 95% confidence interval [CI] = (0.973, 0.976), p value = 0.000970), PC35 (decaffeinated coffee) (OR = 0.985, 95% CI = (0.983, 0.987), p value = 0.00126), PC36 (overall processed meat intake) (OR = 1.035, 95% CI = (1.033, 1.037), p value = 0.000976), PC39 (spirits measured per month) (OR = 1.014, 95% CI = (1.011, 1.015), p value = 0.00153), and servings of raw vegetables per day (OR = 0.978, 95% CI = (0.977, 0.979), p value = 0.000563) were clearly causal. Conclusions: Our findings provide new clues for understanding the genetic mechanisms of OP, which focus on the possible role of dietary habits in OP pathogenesis.     

Microstructure and Friction Properties of CoCrFeMnNiTix High-Entropy Alloy Coating by Laser Cladding

To enhance the friction and wear properties of 40Cr steel’s surface, CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings with various Ti contents were prepared using laser cladding. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to characterize the phase composition, microstructure, and chemical composition of the samples. The findings demonstrated that the CoCrFeMnNiTi_x HEA coatings formed a single FCC phase. Fe₂Ti, Ni₃Ti, and Co₂Ti intermetallic compounds were discovered in the coatings when the molar ratio of Ti content was greater than 0.5. The EDS findings indicated that Cr and Co/Ni/Ti were primarily enriched in the dendrite and interdendrite, respectively. Ti addition can effectively enhance the coating’s mechanical properties. The hardness test findings showed that when the molar ratio of Ti was 0.75, the coating’s microhardness was 511 HV0.5, which was 1.9 times the hardness of the 40Cr (256 HV0.5) substrate and 1.46 times the hardness of the CrCrFeMnNi HEA coating (348 HV0.5). The friction and wear findings demonstrated that the addition of Ti can substantially reduce the coating’s friction coefficient and wear rate. The coating’s wear resistance was the best when the molar ratio of Ti was 0.75, the friction coefficient was 0.296, and the wear amount was 0.001 g. SEM and 3D morphology test results demonstrated that the coating’s wear mechanism changed from adhesive wear and abrasive wear to fatigue wear and abrasive wear with the increase in Ti content.     

集成便携式辅助诊疗系统是脉诊、舌诊研究走向临床的切入点

基于成熟的脉诊、舌诊信息提取与识别的关键技术,集成便携式辅助诊疗系统突出脉诊、舌诊在中医诊疗中的重要作用,并融合其他四诊信息,实现自动辨证处方的临床辅助诊疗功能。便携式辅助诊疗系统体现了"四诊合参"的中医辨证诊断理念,其便携化、智能化、人性化的特点贴合临床实际,为脉诊、舌诊研究成果的推广应用奠定了完备的条件。     

High hemoglobin fluctuation was a protective factor for cardiovascular‐related death in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients: A retrospective analysis of 232 patients with PD

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the effect of hemoglobin (Hb) fluctuation after dialysis on the prognosis of cardiovascular‐related and all‐cause deaths in peritoneal dialysis (PD).MethodsAccording to the Hb fluctuation, patients were divided into low fluctuation group, moderate fluctuation group, and high fluctuation group, and then, the effects of Hb fluctuation after dialysis on the prognosis of cardiovascular‐related and all‐cause death in PD were analyzed by regression analysis.ResultsA total of 232 patients were selected in this study. Compared with the low Hb fluctuation group, the moderate and high fluctuation groups had lower body mass index (BMI), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and baseline Hb, and the moderate fluctuation group had less erythropoietin (EPO) and dialysis dose. Compared with survivors, patients with cardiovascular‐related and all‐cause deaths had lower mean Hb and Hb fluctuation (all p < 0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that before and after adjusting for confounding factors, Hb fluctuation was still independently correlated with cardiovascular prognosis, and higher Hb fluctuation was still a protective factor for cardiovascular‐related death in the Hb‐substandard group, but there was no significant correlation between Hb fluctuation and all‐cause death. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that Hb fluctuation was positively correlated with Kt/V and EPO dosage, but negatively correlated with the baseline Hb.ConclusionHigh Hb fluctuation was a protective factor for cardiovascular‐related death in PD with substandard Hb. Compared with Hb fluctuation, correction of anemia timely and making Hb reaches the standard level had a greater impact on reducing cardiovascular‐related death in PD.     

雷帕霉素联合未成熟树突状细胞诱导小鼠皮肤移植免疫耐受

目的 研究雷帕霉素联合供者骨髓来源的未成熟树突状细胞在诱导小鼠同种异基因皮肤移植免疫耐受中的协同作用.方法 健康雄性C57BL/6小鼠和BALB/C小鼠分别为供者、受者,建立同种异基因皮肤移植模型.对照组术前术后未给予任何免疫干预措施;雷帕霉素组术后第0天至第6天给予雷帕霉素灌胃;未成熟树突状细胞组将供者骨髓来源的未成熟树突状细胞于术前第7天经尾静脉输注给受者;联合组将供者骨髓来源的未成熟树突状细胞于术前第7d经尾静脉输注给受者,并在术后第0天至第6天给予雷帕霉素灌胃.结果 对照组、雷帕霉素组、未成熟树突状细胞组、联合组的皮肤移植物存活时间分别为(6.9±1.9)、(12.3±3.0)、(17.0±3.4)、(20.8±3.6)d.方差分析提示组间差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);SNK检验提示各组之间的差异均有显著意义.结论 雷帕霉素能延长小鼠皮肤移植物的存活时间;联合供者骨髓来源的未成熟树突状细胞可延长免疫耐受的持续时间.     

环孢素诱发血糖升高

1例27岁女性患者因白细胞减少症和血小板减少症给予口服司坦唑醇（2 mg,3次/d）、再造升血片（4片,3次/d ）,皮下注射非格司亭（150μg,1次/d ）、重组人白细胞介素11（2 mg,1次/d）、重组人促红素（10000 U,3次/周）,静脉滴注头孢美唑（2 g,2次/d）,以及成分输血等治疗。用药前空腹血糖5.3 mmol/L。18 d后诊断为再生障碍性贫血,加用环孢素125 mg,2次/d口服。加药第28天,患者空腹血糖升至9.8 mmol/L,予饮食控制。第36天,空腹血糖8.2 mmol/L。第45天,空腹血糖达10.7 mmol/L,餐后2 h血糖为18.7 mmol/L,将环孢素剂量改为100 mg,2次/d,并加用二甲双胍500 mg,2次/d口服,且严格执行糖尿病饮食。第47天,空腹血糖7.3 mmol/L;第55天,空腹血糖5.4 mmol/L,餐后2 h血糖11.3 mmol/L。     

Identification of trace organic pollutants in freshwater sources in Eastern China and estimation of their associated human health risks

Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in ten water samples (four pairs of tap water with source water and two additional tap water) were analyzed and a US EPA algorithm was used to estimate their associated human health risks. Organochlorine pesticides were found in most samples analyzed. Concentrations of total PAHs ranged from 4.8 to 84.4 and 0.7 to 53.8 ng/l, for source and tap water, respectively. Carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risk assessments were employed for various trace organic pollutants in the tap water. The results indicated that carcinogenic risk for male and female lifetime of tap water from XuZh (XZ) city was higher than the others. XZ located in the northern part of Jiangsu province, which takes ground water as the water source. Children were more vulnerable to the carcinogenic chemicals than adults. Carcinogenic risks for male children (0–14 years old) in XZ were the highest, reaching 3.68 × 10⁻⁶. Contribution analysis showed that dibenz[a,h]anthracene contributed most to the carcinogenic risk in XZ city, and α-HCH, β-HCH and γ-HCH posed the most carcinogenic risk in tap water from GoHu (GH) in Eastern Taihu Lake. Additionally, noncarcinogenic risks posed by the detected chemicals to local people were negligible. Risk alleviation strategies should be adopted, taking into account the results of these health risk assessments.     

泼尼松龙葡聚糖前体药物的结肠定位转释机制研究

目的　探讨泼尼松龙葡聚糖前体药物的结肠定位释放机制。方法　将前体药物分别与不同pH值缓冲液、含葡聚糖酶的缓冲液及含大肠杆菌的培养基于 37℃水浴中一起孵育 ,采用HPLC法测定前体药物释放泼尼松龙的情况。结果　前体药物在接近胃肠道下部pH值的缓冲液中 ,活性药物释放量多 ;葡聚糖酶及大肠杆菌均能明显促进活性药物的释放。结论　泼尼松龙葡聚糖前体药物的结肠定位转释作用可能是前体药物到达结肠时 ,在其特殊 pH环境、微生物及其分泌的酶的共同作用下释放出活性药物     

降胆固醇药物F400的研究——Ⅰ.产生菌的分类、发酵及降胆固醇活性

真菌F400属红曲霉属的一种,称为红曲霉F400。它产生一个降胆固醇的活性物质F400。降胆固醇活性及理化性质的比较研究证明,F400与高效降胆固醇药物Lovastatin(Monacolin K)为相同的物质。     

4-乙酰氧基苯并噁唑-2-酮对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨4-乙酰氧基苯并噁唑-2-酮(AcO-BOA)对脂多糖(LPS)/D-氨基半乳糖(D-GalN)所致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用.方法 将C57小鼠随机分为6组:正常组、模型组、对照组和低、中、高剂量AcO-BOA组.正常组和模型组灌胃0.5％羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na),对照组灌胃水飞蓟宾(83.66 mg·...