正常与缺血性心肌梗死及心肌肥厚大鼠超声心动图参数变化趋势比较

目的 通过对正常和心血管疾病状态下的大鼠进行连续超声心动图检测,获得客观准确的大鼠心脏超声参数的变化趋势。方法 建立缺血性心肌梗死和压力负荷增高诱导心肌肥厚的大鼠模型,分别在术前、术后1、2和4周进行超声心动图检测,在相同时间点对正常大鼠进行超声心动图检测,并记录超声参数数据。结果 正常大鼠各心脏参数随时间的变化均有所升高,属正常生长状态。心肌梗死大鼠心脏变化以心室重构和功能障碍为主,心室内径和心室容积随时间变化显著增加,射血分数和短轴缩短率显著降低,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。心肌肥厚大鼠心脏变化以形态改变为主,左室前、后壁厚度随着时间的延长显著增加,收缩末期容积显著下降,射血分数和短轴缩短率代偿性升高,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 应用超声心动图可获得正常和疾病状态下较为客观准确的大鼠心脏超声数据,为后续应用大鼠实验模型研究各种心血管疾病提供了数据参考。     

心血管外科杂交技术的应用与发展现状

心血管外科杂交技术是微创手术和心导管介入技术相结合的产物。它将以往属于心血管内科范畴的介入技术、器械和影像学方法等引入心脏外科手术中，其目的在于减少治疗的侵入性，提高治疗效果。现对杂交技术在心血管外科中的应用现状及进展，包括冠心病、先天性心脏病、胸主动脉瘤的杂交治疗，以及开展杂交治疗的条件等问题进行了综述。     

医疗体操对强直性脊柱炎患者关节功能恢复的效果观察

为探讨医疗体操对强直性脊柱炎患者关节功能恢复的效果 ,随机抽取住院患者 6 0例 ,按入院顺序随机分为两组 ,每组 30例 ,对照组单纯采用药物治疗 ;体操组在常规药物治疗的基础上 ,辅以医疗体操 ,于第 1(治疗前 )、7、15天分别测胸廓呼吸差、脊柱活动度。结果显示体操组关节功能恢复效果显著高于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 )。提示医疗体操能防止关节僵直畸形 ,改善胸廓活动度、降低致残率 ,能促进强直性脊柱炎患者关节功能恢复。     

三步正骨手法整复尺桡骨中下段双骨折的多中心临床研究

目的：比较观察三步正骨手法整复及髓内针内固定治疗尺桡骨中下段双骨折的疗效。方法：随机分实验组105例和对照组105例，实验组接受拔伸旋转、夹挤分离和折顶回旋三步正骨手法复位加小夹板外固定，对照组接受手术开放复位，髓内针内固定治疗。结果：随访6个月，骨折解剖对位及近解剖对位情况，对照组优于实验组；骨折愈合及功能恢复情况，实验组均优于对照组。结论：应用三步正骨手法整复尺桡骨中下段双骨折，有利于伤肢功能恢复并能减少骨折延迟愈合、不愈合的发生。     

Anterior translocaton of pulmonary artery without aortic transection in repair of tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve.

We developed a technique of translocation of the pulmonary artery anterior to the ascending aorta without transection of the aorta in the repair of tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve. Our technique includes detachment of the main pulmonary artery (MPA) from the pulmonary annulus, vertical division of the MPA, anterior translocation of the pulmonary artery with patch augmentation between the vertically divided MPA.     

超声引导下经皮肝穿抽吸硬化介入治疗肝包虫囊肿

目的探讨超声引导下经皮肝穿抽吸硬化治疗肝包虫囊肿的应用价值。方法在超声引导下对38例肝包虫囊肿患者行经皮肝囊肿穿刺抽吸囊液,抽尽后向囊内注入20%～25%无菌高渗盐水或95%无水乙醇,注入量约为抽出量的25%～50%,保留5～15 min后全部抽出,再注入5～10 ml予以保留,术前术后结合口服抗包虫药阿苯达唑30～50mg/kg治疗。术后定期行超声随访,1年内3个月复查1次,1年后每年复查1次。结果治疗中1次穿刺成功率100%,6个月后16例囊肿缩小50%、22例缩小30%。1年后34例治愈,3例显效,1例好转。其后囊肿逐渐缩小,直至钙化,治愈率达100%。结论超声引导下经皮肝穿抽吸硬化治疗肝包虫囊肿是一种安全、有效、可靠的方法。     

主动脉瓣膜间质细胞体外诱导钙化的实验研究

目的体外培养、诱导主动脉瓣膜间质细胞钙化,并观察其表型变化。方法使用胶原酶消化法从新鲜猪主动脉瓣膜上分离并体外原代培养主动脉瓣膜间质细胞,行免疫荧光染色细胞鉴定。取4~8代间质细胞,随机分为两组,实验组:以含甘油磷酸、维生素C、地塞米松的钙化培养基进行钙化诱导培养2周;对照组:以标准培养基培养2周。在光学显微镜下行钙化结节计数,茜素红染色观察并半定量检测钙沉积含量;采用实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测间质细胞α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(-αSMA)及钙化相关因子(骨钙素、骨桥蛋白、核心结合因子)的基因表达。结果从猪主动脉瓣膜上成功分离并体外培养瓣膜间质细胞,-αSMA及波形蛋白(vimentin)染色阳性,血管性血友病因子(vWF)染色阴性。间质细胞钙化诱导培育2周可成功诱导钙化,自发形成钙化结节,实验组钙化结节(156.25±17.38个/孔vs.2.50±1.29个/孔)和钙沉积(17.52±2.04 vs.1.00±0.22)显著高于对照组(P0.05);实时RT-PCR提示:实验组-αSMA、骨钙素、骨桥蛋白、核心结合因子等表达均较对照组明显升高(P0.05)。结论体外诱导钙化的瓣膜间质细胞呈现相对激活状态,表型向收缩表型和成骨表型转化,可能为瓣膜钙化的病理基础。     

血管内皮生长因子抗体靶向血管治疗对增生性瘢痕Ⅰ型胶原蛋白表达的影响

目的观察血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)抗体靶向血管治疗对人增生性瘢痕Ⅰ型胶原蛋白在裸鼠体内表达的影响。方法将1％TBSA深Ⅱ度创面愈合后的增生性瘢痕组织块(取自1例女性烧伤患者)植入48只BALA／C裸鼠肩胛部皮下,建立裸鼠增生性瘢痕移植模型。术后3周,将裸鼠分为大剂量组、中剂量组、小剂量组及对照组,每组12只,分别用0．01 mol／L灭菌磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)稀释的15、10、5μg／ml VEGF单克隆抗体200μl以及等量、同浓度的PBS进行瘢痕内直接注射,每周2次,持续3周。术后45 d,测量各组裸鼠瘢痕组织的大小,计算体积;以HE染色行组织学观察;采用逆转录聚合酶链反应与蛋白质印迹法分析瘢痕组织Ⅰ型前胶原蛋白mRNA和Ⅰ型胶原蛋白的表达。结果大剂量组、中剂量组、小剂量组瘢痕体积分别为(55．3±4．1)、(67．9±5．7)、(78．9±5．5)mm3;与对照组(85．0±7．3)mm3比较,大剂量组、中剂量组瘢痕体积明显变小(P< 0．05)。大剂量组、中剂量组血管和成纤维细胞较少,胶原纤维减少,排列较整齐。与对照组比较,大剂量组和中剂量组Ⅰ型前胶原蛋白mRNA和Ⅰ型胶原蛋白表达明显降低;小剂量组与之接近。结论VEGF抗体靶向血管治疗可抑制增生性瘢痕血管形成、胶原表达及瘢痕生长。     

Insulin Dependence Increases the Risk of Complications and Death in Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta‐(Regression) Analysis

ObjectivesTo investigate the proportion of insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients among diabetic patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA) and whether insulin dependence is associated with postoperative complications.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed in EMBASE, PubMed, Ovid, Medline, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, the China Science and Technology Journal Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from the inception dates to 10 September 2019. Observational studies reporting adverse events with IDDM following TJA were included. Primary outcomes were cardiovascular complications, pulmonary complications, kidney complications, wound complications, infection, and other complications within 30 days of surgery. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of IDDM patients among diabetic patients undergoing TJA and its time trend.ResultsA total of 19 studies involving 85,689 participants were included. Among patients undergoing TJA, 26% of diabetic patients had IDDM. Compared with non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes (NIDDM), the incidences of cardiac arrest (risk ratio [RR], 2.346; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.553 to 3.546), renal failure (relative risk [RR], 2.758; 95% CI, 1.830 to 4.156), deep incisional surgical site infection (RR, 1.968; 95% CI, 1.107 to 3.533), wound dehiscence (RR, 2.209; 95% CI, 1.830 to 4.156), and death (RR, 2.292; 95% CI, 1.568 to 3.349) were all significantly increased in IDDM. A significant time trend was witnessed for the prevalence of IDDM (P = 0.014). There was no statistical significance for organ/space surgical site infection, thrombotic events (deep venous thrombosis/ pulmonary embolism), and revision rates.ConclusionInsulin‐dependent diabetes is an independent high‐risk factor for increased adverse outcomes relative to NIDDM, suggesting that hierarchical and optimal blood glucose management may contribute to reducing the adverse complications after surgery for these patients. In addition, because the risk of sepsis, deep wound infection, organ/space surgical site infection, urinary tract infection, renal insufficiency, and renal failure significantly increase after TJA in IDDM patients, more active postoperative antimicrobial prophylaxis may be needed on the premise of protecting renal function.     

成年人小腿外旋畸形的外科治疗

目的探讨成年人小腿外旋畸形的成因、手术方法和治疗效果。方法回顾性分析138例144条腿,平均年龄29.3岁。小儿麻痹后遗症116例,其它原因22例,其中130例合并髋、膝关节和踝足关节的多种畸形209个。术前小腿外旋平均43°,手术先截断腓骨,在胫骨结节下杵臼形截骨,远端内旋至中立位,测量棘、髌、踝力线正常,合并膝内翻、轻度屈膝和膝反屈畸形者同时矫正,截骨端以外固定器或钢针交叉加石膏外固定。结果术后随访平均14个月,128例小腿外旋畸形完全矫正,10例部分矫正。结论小腿外旋是渐进发生的常见畸形,胫骨结节下内旋截骨是简单有效的手术方法,合并髋、膝、踝关节畸形者尽可能同期手术矫正,恢复下肢的持重力线。