我院2010年186例药品不良反应报告分析

目的:分析医院2010年药品不良反应(ADR)发生的特点与规律,为临床合理用药提供参考.方法:对2010年1 - 12月收集的186例有效ADR报告进行分析.结果:186例ADR报告中,男性所占比例(55.38%)略高于女性(44.62%);中老年人所占比例最高(25.27%);引起ADR的主要用药途径为静脉给药(93...     

Colles骨折手法整复后竹夹板固定与石膏固定的疗效比较

目的 通过随访对Colles骨折手法整复后竹夹板固定与石膏固定的疗效进行比较,确定Colles骨折手法整复后的有效治疗方案.方法 将120例Colles骨折患者按随机数字表法随机分为竹夹板外固定组60例及石膏外固定组60例,骨折手法整复成功后,按照组别分别给予竹夹板固定及石膏固定治疗,外固定拆除后均给予中药熏洗1个月,6个月后进行随访,并按照Gartland and Werley腕关节评分比较两组骨折患者的腕关节评分,以评价疗效.结果 竹夹板固定组优良率为83.3%,优于石膏固定组的56.7%(P<0.01).结论 Colles骨折手法整复后竹夹板固定的疗效优于石膏固定.     

Isolation and characterization of a novel helicobacter species, "Helicobacter macacae," from rhesus monkeys with and without chronic idiopathic colitis

Chronic idiopathic colitis is a common clinical entity in young captive rhesus monkeys. Eight isolates, cultured from five monkeys in colony 1 with endemic diarrhea and three from colony 2 without diarrhea, were grown under microaerobic conditions on selective agar and were classified by full 16S rRNA sequence, biochemical, and phenotypic analysis as a novel helicobacter, "Helicobacter macacae" (proposed name). All eight strains of H. macacae had 99.5% identical 16S rRNA sequences.     

关节止痛胶囊对兔膝骨性关节炎模型血清和关节液中自由基水平的影响

为探讨关节止痛胶囊治疗膝骨性关节炎的作用机理,将32只新西兰兔随机分为A正常组、B模型组、C对照组、D治疗组,B、C、D三组按照Hulth造模方法造成膝骨性关节炎模型.治疗组给予关节止痛胶囊,对照组给予壮骨关节丸.给药8周后测定兔血清和关节液中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、一氧化氮(NO)的含量.结果显示,各组血清中SOD和№含量变化比较,无显著性差异(P＜0.05);而治疗组关节液中SOD升高及NO含量降低的程度与模型组、对照组比较,差异显著(P＜0.05、P＜0.01);与正常组比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05).表明关节止痛胶囊通过提高关节液SOD含量,降低№含量,从而达到保护关节软骨,防治膝骨性关节炎的目的.     

Epidemiologic Patterns of Ross River Virus Disease in Queensland,Australia, 2001–2011

Ross River virus (RRV) infection is a debilitating disease that has a significant impact on population health, economic productivity, and tourism in Australia. This study examined epidemiologic patterns of RRV disease in Queensland, Australia, during January 2001–December 2011 at a statistical local area level. Spatio-temporal analyses were used to identify the patterns of the disease distribution over time stratified by age, sex, and space. The results show that the mean annual incidence was 54 per 100,000 persons, with a male:female ratio of 1:1.1. Two space-time clusters were identified: the areas adjacent to Townsville, on the eastern coast of Queensland, and the southeast areas. Thus, although public health intervention should be considered across all areas in which RRV occurs, it should specifically focus on high-risk regions, particularly during summer and autumn to reduce the social and economic impacts of RRV infection.     

Hepatitis C virus and neurological damage

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection exhibits a wide range of extrahepatic complications, affecting various organs in the human body. Numerous HCV patients suffer neurological manifestations, ranging from cognitive impairment to peripheral neuropathy. Overexpression of the host immune response leads to the production of immune complexes, cryoglobulins, as well as autoantibodies, which is a major pathogenic mechanism responsible for nervous system dysfunction. Alternatively circulating inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and HCV replication in neurons is another factor that severely affects the nervous system. Furthermore, HCV infection causes both sensory and motor peripheral neuropathy in the mixed cryoglobulinemia as well as known as an important risk aspect for stroke. These extrahepatic manifestations are the reason behind underlying hepatic encephalopathy and chronic liver disease. The brain is an apt location for HCV replication, where the HCV virus may directly wield neurotoxicity. Other mechanisms that takes place by chronic HCV infection due the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders includes derangement of metabolic pathways of infected cells, autoimmune disorders, systemic or cerebral inflammation and alterations in neurotransmitter circuits. HCV and its pathogenic role is suggested by enhancement of psychiatric and neurological symptoms in patients attaining a sustained virologic response followed by treatment with interferon; however, further studies are required to fully assess the impact of HCV infection and its specific antiviral targets associated with neuropsychiatric disorders.     

Lower Mortality Associated With Overweight in the U.S. National Health Interview Survey: Is Overweight Protective?

It is still debatable whether overweight has protective or detrimental effects on survival. The focus of the ongoing debate is on possible confounding bias due to factors such as preexisting illness and smoking. We aimed to assess the association between overweight and mortality and to examine confounding effects of various factors including smoking and preexisting cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, asthma, bronchitis, and kidney disease on the overweight–mortality association in adults.The data were extracted from the public-use National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) 1997 to 2009. Mortality data up to December 31, 2011 were linked to 131,813 with normal weight and 120,217 overweight adults. We assessed the association between overweight and mortality using Cox proportional hazard model with adjustments for various sets of confounding factors—age, sex, smoking, race, survey year, diabetes, CVD, cancer, asthma, bronchitis, and kidney disease.During the period from the original surveys to December 31, 2011, 22,513 (11,815 normal weight and 10,698 overweight) adults died. Normal weight and overweight groups differed in the characteristics of age, sex, smoking, and preexisting diseases. After adjusting for age and sex, the risk of dying was lower for overweight than normal weight adults (hazard ratio [HR], 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80–0.85). Lower mortality risk associated with overweight remained after further adjusting for smoking and preexisting diseases such as diabetes, CVD, cancer, asthma, bronchitis, and kidney disease (HR, 0.80; 95% CI: 0.78–0.82). We observed a similar pattern for men and women, and for those free from preexisting diabetes, hypertension, and CVD.In conclusion, overweight adults have a lower mortality risk than normal weight adults. Our findings do not support that the lower mortality in overweight adults is due to confounding effects of smoking and preexisting diseases.     

我国60岁及以上老年人日常生活活动能力对抑郁状况的影响

目的探究日常生活活动能力(ADL)对老年人抑郁的影响, 并关注社会网络及子女支持在其中的作用。方法使用2018年"中国老年社会追踪调查"资料中年龄≥60岁者作为研究对象。估计样本量10 215人。ADL、社会网络、抑郁状况均使用量表测量, 采用有调节的中介模型对社会网络及子女支持的作用进行分析。采用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计学分析, 使用PROCESS 3.3宏程序进行有调节的中介效应检验。结果共纳入年龄≥60岁老年人10 760人作为研究对象, ADL对老年人抑郁状况存在直接影响(β=-0.090, P<0.01);社会网络在ADL与抑郁关系中发挥了中介作用(β=0.035, P<0.01;β=-0.064, P<0.05), 子女支持发挥调节作用(β=-0.029, P<0.05)。结论社会网络是缓冲老年人ADL下降对抑郁状况影响的重要资源, 子女支持是增强社会网络积极作用、减轻老年人抑郁风险的有力补充, 应充分发挥社会网络和子女支持的协同作用, 减缓老年人ADL下降对其心理健康的影响。     

TFP5 attenuates cyclin-dependent kinase 5-mediated islet β-cell damage in diabetes

Islet β-cell damage and dysfunction represent the pathophysiological basis of diabetes. Excessive activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), although the exact mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the role of a CDK5 inhibitor (TFP5) in islet β-cell damage under diabetic conditions by regulating the expression of CDK5 in vitro and in vivo. CDK5 was upregulated under high glucose conditions in vivo and in vitro, which resulted in inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of islet β-cells, thereby decreasing insulin secretion. However, TFP5 treatment inhibited the overexpression of CDK5; reduced the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of islet β cells; and restored insulin secretion. In conclusion, CDK5 is involved in islet β-cell damage under high glucose conditions, and TFP5 may represent a promising candidate for the development of treatments for T2DM.