等离子与汽化电切术治疗前列腺增生的效果及术后膀胱颈挛缩的影响因素

目的 探究经尿道等离子前列腺电切术(TUPKRP)与经尿道前列腺汽化电切术(TUVP)治疗前列腺增生(BPH)的效果,并分析术后膀胱颈挛缩(BNC)的影响因素。方法 前瞻性的选取2018年1月至2020年1月我院泌尿外科收治的90例BPH患者作为研究对象。数字表法随机分成对照组(45例,TUVP)和观察组(45例,TUPKRP),对比两组患者治疗前、治疗3个月后的临床资料,以是否发生BNC为分组依据,分析术后BNC的影响因素。结果 组内比较,两组患者治疗3个月后IPSS、PSA、表皮生长因子(EGF)及前列腺素E2(PGE2)均显著低于治疗前(P<0.05),Q_max显著高于治疗前(P<0.05);组间同时点比较,治疗后观察组患者IPSS、PSA、EGF及PGE2均显著低于对照组患者(P<0.05),且Q_max显著高于对照组患者(P<0.05)。发生BNC组患者合并前列腺炎、冲洗温度<34℃、导管灌注量≥40 ml以及TUVP术式占比均显著高于未发生BNC组患者(P<0.05);且Logistic分析结果显...     

Alendronate modified mPEG-PLGA nano-micelle drug delivery system loaded with astragaloside has anti-osteoporotic effect in rats

Astragaloside (AS) has an anti-osteoporotic effect, but its poor water solubility and low bioavailability limit its application. In this study, a novel nano-carrier with bone targeting was prepared by modifying mPEG-PLGA with alendronate (AL) before incorporation into astragaloside nano-micelles (AS-AL-mPEG-PLGA) to enhance the oral bioavailability, bone targeting and anti-osteoporosis effect of AS. The release behavior of AS-AL-mPEG-PLGA in vitro was investigated via dialysis. The pharmacokinetics of AS-AL-mPEG-PLGA was studied in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The cytotoxicity of AS-AL-mPEG-PLGA in vitro (via MTT method), coupled with bone targeting ability in vitro and in vivo were evaluated. The therapeutic effects of free AS and AS-AL-mPEG-PLGA (ELISA, micro-CT, H&E staining) were compared in osteoporotic rats. AS-AL-mPEG-PLGA with smaller particle size (45.3 ± 3.8 nm) and high absolute zeta potential (−23.02 ± 0.51 mV) were successfully prepared, wherein it demonstrated higher entrapment efficiency (96.16 ± 0.18%), a significant sustained-release effect for 96 h and acceptable safety within 10–200 μg/mL. AS-AL-mPEG-PLGA could enhance the hydroxyapatite affinity and bone tissue concentration of AS. The relative bioavailability of AS-AL-mPEG-PLGA was 233.90% compared with free AS. In addition, the effect of AS in reducing serum levels of bone metabolism-related indicators, restoring the bone microarchitecture and improving bone injury could be enhanced by AS-AL-mPEG-PLGA. AS-AL-mPEG-PLGA with small particle size, good stability, remarkable sustained-release effect, safety and bone targeting was successfully constructed in this experiment to potentially improve the oral bioavailability and anti-osteoporosis effect of AS. Thus, AS-AL-mPEG-PLGA may be a promising strategy to prevent and treat osteoporosis.     

抗MRSA感染新药的应用与研究进展

抗耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,MRSA)感染和对多重耐药金黄色葡萄球菌的治疗一直是临床的严峻挑战.头孢洛林、达巴万星、特地唑胺和奥利万星是美国FDA最新批准的用于抗MRSA感染的药物,本文将对它们的结构特点与作用机制、体内外抗菌活性、不良反应以及临床应用与未来发展进行综述,并着重分析其特性和优劣势.     

紫金牛地上和地下部位挥发性成分比较研究

目的:研究紫金牛生药地上部位、地下部位挥发油成分。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别提取紫金牛地上部分和根部的挥发油。用GC毛细管柱进行分离分析,并用气相色谱及气相-质谱法对化学成分进行鉴定。色谱条件:Varian 3300气相色谱仪,HP-innowax型石英毛细管柱(30 m×0.25cm×0.25μm)。载气为高纯氦气,FID检测器。质谱条件:Saturn 2000质谱仪(Varian,USA),EI电离源,电离电压70 eV,离子源温度200℃,接口温度240℃,扫描范围:40-450 amu,进样量1.0μL,分流比10:1。结果:本研究从紫金牛地上部分鉴定出了61个组分,占挥发油总量的87.65％,含量在4％以上的组分有:芳樟醇(4.20％)、石竹烯(4.26％)、苯乙醇(4.38％)、水杨酸甲酯(4.47％)、兰桉醇(5.07％)、α-石竹烯(5.14％)、己酸(9.10％)、3,7,11-三甲基-1,6,10-十二碳三烯-3-醇(14.07％)。从根部共鉴定出45个组分,占挥发油总量的88.17％,含量在4％以上的组分有:丁子香基乙醇(4.22％)、兰桉醇(6.02％)、α-杜松醇(8.90％)、龙脑(9.16％)、α-石竹烯(12.89％)、石竹烯(30.13％)。结论:从其不同部位成分比较来看,紫金牛地上部分和地下部分要区别对待,分别人药。     

地塞米松对大鼠肝脏微粒体细胞色素P-450的诱导效应

目的:观察地塞米松(dexamethasone,DEX)对细胞色素P-450(cytochrome P450,CYP450)的诱导效应,并探讨其诱导机制.方法:雄性Wistar大鼠分别以DEX 0,25,50和100mg·kg-1·d-1诱导处理(ip)4d后,测定大鼠肝脏总CYP450含量,CYP3A1,CYP3A2和CYP2B 1/2的mRNA及蛋白的表达水平,肝脏ERD(CYP3A活性),PROD(CYP2B活性)和BROD(总CYP450活性).结果:CYP450含量、ERD、PROD和BROD活性在DEX多次诱导后都有升高.CYP3A1 mRNA表达水平、蛋白含量和酶活性有明显的升高,剂量效应关系明显;CYP3A2蛋白明显升高,但mRNA表达水平却无明显变化.PROD和CYP2B1/2的mRNA表达水平以及总CYP450含量均在50mg·kg-1·d-1剂量组达到最高值.结论:DEX对雄性大鼠主要诱导CYP3A1和CYP3A2两个CYP450成员表达上调,对CYP2B1/2也有一定的诱导作用,其诱导作用主要表现在酶活性、酶蛋白含量和mRNA表达水平的升高.CYP3A1和CYP3A2的诱导方式可能不同.     

归脾丸（浓缩丸）质量标准研究

目的建立归脾丸（浓缩丸）的质量标准。方法用薄层色谱法（TLC法）对归脾丸（浓缩丸）中黄芪甲苷、远志、木香进行定性鉴别；用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定归脾丸中甘草酸的含量，色谱柱为C18柱（250mm×4．6mm，5μm），流动相为甲醇-水-乙酸（65：30：5）．流速为1．0mL／min，柱温40℃，检测波长250nm。结果TLC法色谱斑点清晰，空白无干扰；HPLC法的甘草酸平均回收率为100．18％。RSD为1.22％。结论方法准确，重现性好，可用于归脾丸（浓缩丸）的质量控制。     

复元活血汤加味治疗肺挫伤30例

目的观察复元活血汤加味治疗肺挫伤的临床疗效。方法选择肺挫伤住院患者60例,随机分为对照组30例接受常规治疗,治疗组30例在常规治疗基础上加用复元活血汤加味,10 d后复查胸片并结合患者临床表现,采用肺挫伤简易评分法进行疗效评价。结果治疗组需行机械通气率、肺部感染发生率、急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)发生率均比对照组低,治疗组较对照组总有效率明显提高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论复元活血汤加味对肺挫伤具有较好治疗作用。     

Proteomic detection of changes in protein expression induced by cordycepin in human hepatocellular carcinoma BEL-7402 cells

The nucleoside analogue cordycepin (3 '-deoxyadenosine, 3 '-dA), one of the components of Cordyceps militaris, has been shown to inhibit the growth of various tumor cells. However, the probable mechanism is still obscure. In this study, the inhibition of cell growth and changes in protein expression induced by cordycepin were investigated in BEL-7402 cells. Using the MTT assay and flow cytometry, we found that cordycepin inhibits cell viability and induces apoptosis in BEL-7402 cells. Additionally, the proteins were separated using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and eight proteins were found to be significantly affected by cordycepin compared to untreated control; among them, two were downregulated and six were upregulated. Of the eight proteins, six were identified with peptide mass fingerprinting using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) after in-gel trypsin digestion. These proteins are involved in various aspects of cellular metabolism. It is suggested that the effect of cordycepin on the growth of tumor cells is significantly related to the metabolism-associated protein expression induced by cordycepin.     

头孢唑林临床药物动力学研究及其血药浓度高效液相色谱测定法

本文报告头孢唑林正常人药物动力学研究结果及其体液浓度高效液相色谱测定法的建立。结果表明，头孢唑林１ｇ静滴和肌注后的平均高峰血药浓度分别达１５９．８±１７．ｌｍｇ／Ｌ和７４．１±１４．２ｍｇ／Ｌ，８ｈ时仍可分别测得５．６±３．５ｍｇ／Ｌ和１０．０±４．２ｍｇ／Ｌ。静滴和肌注后的消除半衰期分别为１．９４±０．２６和２．１１±０．５９ｈ。头孢唑林肌注后吸收完全，绝对生物利用度为９２．０±５．６％。静滴和肌注头孢唑林１ｇ后尿药平均峰浓度分别为４１９０±２２９４ｍｇ／Ｌ和２３２０±１７００ｍｇ／Ｌ２４ｈ累积排出率分别为８６．３±４．２％和８７．５±９．６％。以ＨＰＬＣ法测定头孢唑林血药浓度方法准确，其重复性、特异性高，且方法简单易行，适用于特殊生理或病理情况下头孢唑林血药浓度监测。     

复方枣仁水提物对小鼠学习记忆的影响研究

目的观察复方枣仁水提物对小鼠学习记忆能力的影响。方法采用跳台法观察复方枣仁水提物对记忆获得障碍小鼠、记忆巩固障碍小鼠和正常小鼠学习记忆能力的影响。结果复方枣仁水提物可明显减少记忆获得障碍小鼠在跳台中错误次数(P<0.01)和明显延长潜伏期(P<0.05),可明显减少记忆巩固障碍小鼠错误次数(P<0.05)和明显延长潜伏期(P<0.05)。结论复方枣仁可显著改善小鼠学习记忆能力。