我院静脉用药调配常见问题及差错分析

目的 分析临床静脉输液调配过程中易出现的问题,减少药品不良反应发生,提高临床输液的安全性.方法 解读药品说明书,查阅相关资料,对医院2010年6月至2011年3月静脉用药调配中心的长期医嘱进行适宜性审核,并对其中不合理静脉输液配置情况进行统计、分析.结果 发现不合理用药医嘱815组,占调配总数的0.26%,主要包括药物配伍禁忌、配伍不当、溶剂选择不当、药物配置浓度过大、给药剂量不当、给药途径不当以及医嘱录入错误等.结论 静脉输液调配应严格执行各项操作规范,严格遵照药品说明书及相关要求,充分发挥药师的审方作用,确保患者用药安全合理.     

99mTC-二乙烯三胺五乙酸眼眶SPECT/CT在甲状腺相关性眼病分型及活动度评价中的作用

目的 探讨根据^99mTC-二乙烯三胺五乙酸(diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid,DTPA)眼眶单光子发射计算机断层扫描(single photon emission computed tomography,SPECT)/计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)图像分析进行甲状腺相关性眼病(thyroid associated ophthalmopathy,TAO)分型,并通过计算其显像剂摄取比值(uptake rate,UR)评价在TAO活动度评估中的作用。方法 分析205例TAO患者,根据^99mTC-DTPA 眼眶SPECT/CT图像分析结果将TAO患者分为两种类型:Ⅰ型以球后病变为主,Ⅱ型以眶周病变为主,进行临床指标比较,并分析与临床活动性评分(clinical activity scores,CAS)的相关性。结果 Ⅰ型TAO球后部位显像剂摄取比值(uptake rate of retrobulbar region,URR)明显高于Ⅱ型TAO患者,而Ⅱ型TAO眶周部位显像剂摄取比值(uptake rate of periorbital region,URP)明显高于Ⅰ型,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001);Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型TAO在性别(P=0.001)、年龄(P<0.001)、CAS评分(P<0.001)、复视评分(P<0.001)、促甲状腺激素受体抗体(thyrotropin receptor antibody,TRAb)(P=0.004)等方面差异均有统计学意义;Ⅱ型TAO患者中,UR值与CAS呈正相关(r=0.407,P<0.001),受试者操作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)显示,Ⅱ型TAO中当UR≥1.596判断疾病处于活动期的灵敏度为68.4%,特异度为64.3%,临床应用价值有限。TRAb与CAS呈正相关(r=0.215,P=0.007),但相关性较弱。结论 ^99mTC-DTPA 眼眶SPECT/CT可以为甲状腺相关性眼病患者分型提供客观依据,但用于活动度评价效果不理想。     

加替沙星和左氧氟沙星序贯治疗尿路感染的成本-效果比较

目的对加替沙星和左氧氟沙星序贯治疗尿路感染进行成本-效果比较分析。方法将85例尿路感染患者随机分成两组,A组42例给予加替沙星序贯疗法,B组43例给予左氧氟沙星序贯疗法,运用药物经济学方法最小成本-效果分析。结果A组和B组的总有效率分别为85．71％和88．37％,细菌清除率分别为90．48％和93．02％,不良反应发生率分别为7．14％和4．65％,成本效果比分别为2．42和1．87。结论对于尿路感染患者,采用左氧氟沙星序贯疗法比加替沙星序贯疗法具成本-效果优势,值得临床应用推广。     

高效液相色谱法分析甘草炮制前后化学成分的变化

目的 从化学成分变化的角度探讨中药炮制的合理性.方法 采用高效液相色谱法对比分析甘草炮制前后的提取液.结果 甘草炮制前后色谱图存在差异,在炙甘草的色谱图中保留了甘草的大部分特征峰,但23,24 min时甘草的2个特征峰消失,在29 min时出现1个新的特征峰.结论 中药炮制具有合理性、科学性.     

抗肿瘤药物微乳给药系统研究进展

目的 介绍微乳给药系统在抗肿瘤药物中的研究进展,为深入研究提供参考.方法 根据国内、国外文献报道,对微乳给药系统的处方组成、成型工艺以及在抗肿瘤药物中的应用等方面进行综述.结果与结论 微乳给药系统能够提高水溶性差的抗肿瘤药物的生物利用度,提高疗效,适合口服给药,方便患者服用.     

仙灵骨葆联合钙剂治疗高龄患者老年性骨质疏松症的临床研究

目的：观察仙灵骨葆胶囊联合钙尔奇D和骨化三醇对高龄患者老年性骨质疏松症的治疗效果.方法：选择60例高龄老年性骨质疏松症患者随机分为两组,治疗组（仙灵骨葆＋钙尔奇D＋骨化三醇）30例,对照组（钙尔奇D＋骨化三醇）30例.观察两组患者治疗前后和两组间的VAS评分、SF-36评分、BMD、血Ca、血P、ALP、TRACP的差异.结果：两组治疗后VAS评分较治疗前均明显降低（P＜0.01）,治疗组降低较对照组更明显（P＜0.01）.两组治疗后SF-36评分较治疗前均明显提高（P＜0.01）,治疗组升高较对照组更明显（P＜0.01）.治疗组治疗后BMD明显升高,对照组BMD变化不大,两组比较有显著差异（P＜0.05）.治疗前后两组血Ca和血P均变化不大,组间比较无差异（P＞0.05）.治疗组治疗后ALP明显升高,对照组ALP变化不大,两组比较有显著差异（P＜0.05）.两组治疗后TRACP较治疗前均有所降低,治疗组降低明显,组间比较有显著差异（P＜0.01）,两组所有患者无严重不良反应发生.结论：仙灵骨葆胶囊联合钙尔奇D和骨化三醇治疗高龄患者老年性骨质疏松症效果确切,且安全性良好.     

紫槐烧伤乳膏剂的制备及质量控制

目的制备紫槐烧伤乳膏剂,建立其质量控制方法。方法制备O/W型紫槐烧伤乳膏剂,采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法测定主要有效成分大黄素含量。结果大黄素进样量在0.025 6～0.153 6μg范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,平均回收率为95.76%,RSD为1.89%（n=6）。结论该乳膏剂制备工艺简单,含量测定方法精确可靠,可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

Radiographic findings in cotton textile workers and the relationship to cigarette smoking

A group of 140 cotton textile workers from Shanghai, Shandong, Guangxi, and Beijing have had their chest radiographs taken using similar requirements. Most had come from the preparatory departments of cotton mills and had a history of exposure to cotton dust for at least 20 years. As controls, 140 healthy individuals with no dust exposure were matched with respect to sex, age, and smoking history. All the radiographs were read according to the ILO International Pneumoconiosis Classification, and the manifestations belonging to categories 0/0 and 0/1 were grouped as "normal," whereas categories 1/0, 1/1, and 1/2 and above as "abnormal." There was no significant difference in X-ray abnormalities between cotton textile workers and controls (P greater than 0.05). But when the data on the cotton textile workers and controls were combined, an appreciable difference in the incidence of radiographic abnormalities was found between smokers and non-smokers (P less than 0.001). Cotton dust exposure may induce nonspecific interstitial pulmonary changes, but these changes were exaggerated by cigarette smoking. These two factors appeared to have an additive effect on the pulmonary X-ray findings.     

A pH-sensitive supramolecular nanosystem with chlorin e6 and triptolide co-delivery for chemo-photodynamic combination therapy

The combination of Ce6, an acknowledged photosensitizer, and TPL, a natural anticancer agent, has been demonstrated as a useful strategy to reinforce the tumor growth suppression, as well as decrease the systemic side effects compared with their monotherapy. However, in view of the optimal chemo-photodynamic combination efficiency, there is still short of the feasible nanovehicle to steadily co-deliver Ce6 and TPL, and stimuli-responsively burst release drugs in tumor site. Herein, we described ...     

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Binding Behaviors of Human Serum Albumin to Silver Nanoparticles

A nanoparticle, under biological milieu, is inclined to be combined with various biomolecules, particularly protein, generating an interfacial corona which provides a new biological identity. Herein, the binding interaction between silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and human serum albumin (HSA) was studied with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), circular dichroism (CD), and multiple spectroscopic techniques. Due to the ground state complex formed mainly through hydrophobic interactions, the fluorescence titration method proved that intrinsic fluorescence for HSA was probably statically quenched by AgNPs. The complete thermodynamic parameters were derived, indicating that the interaction between HSA and AgNPs is an entropy-driven process. Additionally, synchronous fluorescence and CD spectrum results suggested the conformational variation it has upon binding to AgNPs and the α-helix content has HSA visibly decreased. The kinetic experiments proved the double hysteresis effect has in HSA’s binding to the AgNPs surface. Moreover, the binding has between HSA and AgNPs follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic characteristic and fits the Freundlich model for multilayer adsorption. These results facilitate the comprehension about NPs’ underlying biological effects under a physiological environment and promote the secure applications of NPs biologically and medically.