高效液相色谱法测定暑湿感冒颗粒中防风和陈皮含量

目的采用高效液相色谱梯度洗脱法同时测定暑湿感冒颗粒中5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷、升麻苷、橙皮苷含量。方法色谱柱为Phenomenex C18柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）,流动相为甲醇-水,梯度洗脱,流速1 mL/min,检测波长290 nm,柱温30℃。结果 5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷、升麻苷对照品、橙皮苷的进样量线性范围分别为0.053～0.426μg（r=0.9999）、0.128～1.021μg（r=0.9999）、0.110～0.877μg（r=0.999 9）,平均回收率分别为102.9%,98.0%,100.6%,RSD分别为2.2%,1.9%,1.7%（n=6）。结论该方法专属性、重复性好,可用于暑湿感冒颗粒的质量控制。     

试论新医改形势下我国国家基本药物制度的建设

目的探讨在新医改形势下如何建立一个整合各方利益、具有良好协调功能的国家基本药物制度。方法通过文献综述,总结我国国家基本药物制度的现状,在新医改形势下所面临的问题。结果与结论逐步完善国家基本药物目录遴选、调整政策;运用财税政策建立药品价格平衡机制;建立持续的国家基本药物筹资体系;建立经济、有效的国家基本药物供应体系;建立国家基本药物合理使用体系;设立联席会议制度,协调政府各部门监管过程中的职能;最终以法律形式形成系统化的国家基本药物政策。     

静脉肾盂造影的临床护理体会

目的探讨静脉肾盂造影检查的护理方法与护理经验。方法对500例静脉肾盂造影患者资料进行回顾性分析。结果应用离子型造影剂354例,其中21例在注射造影剂过程中出现全身灼热感、打喷嚏、恶心、呕吐;15例伴有荨麻疹,经静脉注射地塞米松、吸氧等处理后症状减轻,完成造影;有5例出现较严重过敏反应：头晕心悸、胸闷,停止检查,经抢救病情稳定,转病房观察。余均顺利完成造影检查。应用非离子型造影剂146例,未发现过敏反应。所有患者造影检查结果均达到满意,并符合诊断的要求。结论在进行静脉肾盂造影检查中的护理工作极为关键,是决定患者能否配合检查,安全完成检查,达到诊断目的的前提。     

Indole/isatin-containing hybrids as potential antibacterial agents

The emergence and worldwide spread of drug-resistant bacteria have already posed a serious threat to human life, creating the urgent need to develop potent and novel antibacterial drug candidates with high efficacy. Indole and isatin (indole-2,3-dione) present a wide structural and mechanistic diversity, so their derivatives possess various pharmacological properties and occupy a salient place in the development of new drugs. Indole/isatin-containing hybrids, which demonstrate a promising activity against a panel of clinically important Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, are privileged scaffolds for the discovery of novel antibacterial candidates. This review, covering articles published between January 2015 and May 2020, focuses on the development and structure–activity relationship (SAR) of indole/isatin-containing hybrids with potential application for fighting bacterial infections, to facilitate further rational design of novel drug candidates.     

关于优良药房工作规范的探讨

优良药房工作规范(Good Pharanacy Practice,GPP)是药师在药房中实施“药学服务”(Pharmaceutical care)的行为准则,是衡量药师为病人或消费者服务质量的标准,也是药房自觉按照科学化、规范化和人本化管理的过程。     

前列地尔治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的疗效和安全性

目的:观察前列地尔治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的效果和安全性。方法:102例合并周围神经病变的住院糖尿病患者,随机分成2组,观察组50例应用前列地尔10μg/d静脉滴注治疗,对照组52例应用血栓通20ml/d静脉滴注治疗。治疗2周后比较两组周围神经病变症状改善率。结果:前列地尔组麻木、疼痛、感觉减退和发凉的好转率分别为91.1%、95.0%、90.0%和84.0%,明显高于血栓通组的70.0%、72.1%、66.7%和57.1%(均P<0.05),并且无明显不良反应。结论:前列地尔对于糖尿病周围神经病变症状有显著改善作用,安全性较好。     

薄层色谱法快速筛查降血糖中成药及保健食品中添加磺酰脲类化学降糖药

目的:建立快速筛查中成药及保健食品中添加磺酰脲类化学降糖药的薄层色谱方法。方法:采用硅胶 GF_(254)薄层板,三氯甲烷-环己烷-乙醇-冰醋酸(8∶12∶1∶1)为展开剂,碘化铋钾试液为显色剂测定。结果:5种磺酰脲类化学降糖药格列喹酮、格列齐特、格列美脲、格列本脲和格列吡嗪呈橙红色斑点,在中成药中的最低检出限分别为每1g 中成药中含0.2,0.3,0.2,0.1,0.2 mg。对16种18个批次的市售降糖中成药及保健食品进行筛查,检出有3种4个批次的降糖中成药及保健食品中分别添加有格列本脲和格列吡嗪。结论:本方法经济、快速简便、灵敏、准确有效。可用于药品检测车上有关中药、保健食品添加化学降糖药的快速筛查。     

Determination of puerarin in rabbit aqueous humor by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry using microdialysis sampling after topical administration of puerarin PAMAM dendrimer complex

To study pharmacokinetic properties of puerarin poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimer complex, a sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated to determine puerarin in rabbit aqueous humor using microdialysis sampling. Astilbin was used as the internal standard. The linear range for puerarin was from 2 to 1000 ng/mL (r = 0.9986) based on 20 μL of aqueous humor. The coefficients of variations for intra-day and inter-day precisions were less than 10.0%, and the relative error of accuracy was within ±6.3%. The mean extraction recovery of puerarin varied from 80.4% to 85.5%. Microdialysis provides a complete concentration versus time profile. A significant difference was observed in main pharmacokinetic parameters of C_max, AUC and t_1/2 between puerarin solution and puerarin PAMAM dendrimer complex. Complex formation resulted in an obvious increase in bioavailability of puerarin after topical administration to rabbit according to the above LC-MS/MS assay method.     

Mycotoxin Metabolism by Edible Insects

Mycotoxins are a group of toxic secondary metabolites produced in the food chain by fungi through the infection of crops both before and after harvest. Mycotoxins are one of the most important food safety concerns due to their severe poisonous and carcinogenic effects on humans and animals upon ingestion. In the last decade, insects have received wide attention as a highly nutritious, efficient and sustainable source of animal-derived protein and caloric energy for feed and food purposes. Many insects have been used to convert food waste into animal feed. As food waste might contain mycotoxins, research has been conducted on the metabolism and detoxification of mycotoxins by edible insects. The mycotoxins that have been studied include aflatoxins, fumonisins, zearalenone (ZEN), vomitoxin or deoxynivalenol (DON), and ochratoxins (OTAs). Aflatoxin metabolism is proved through the production of hydroxylated metabolites by NADPH-dependent reductases and hydroxylases by different insects. ZEN can be metabolized into α- and β-zearalenol. Three DON metabolites, 3-, 15-acetyl-DON, and DON-3-glucoside, have been identified in the insect DON metabolites. Unfortunately, the resulting metabolites, involved enzymes, and detoxification mechanisms of OTAs and fumonisins within insects have yet to be identified. Previous studies have been focused on the insect tolerance to mycotoxins and the produced metabolites; further research needs to be conducted to understand the exact enzymes and pathways that are involved.