简易小鼠镇咳实验法

本文报告了一项简易的小鼠镇咳实验方法,系利用恒压条件下喷氢氧化铵气雾,引起小鼠咳嗽反应,并以引起半数小鼠咳嗽的喷雾时间(EDT₅₀)为指标。本法能比较稳定地反映出已知止咳药的作用和作用强度。曾用本法筛选出杜鹃酮、止咳酮,金丝桃甙等得到临床证实的新止咳药。本法简便、快速、耗药量少,节省动物,适用于作大量筛选试验。     

骨髓干细胞移植治疗缺血性心脏病的研究进展

干细胞具有自我更新，多向分化能力，在适宜的体外培养中干细胞能够稳定生存增殖并保持多向分化潜能，是便于体外操作的理想的靶细胞。本综合近几年国内外献，阐述了骨髓干细胞通过移植技术移植至试验动物的病损心脏，可以分化增殖为心肌细胞和血管结构，从而改善缺血的心脏功能。因此具有广阔的临床应用前景，值得进一步研究。     

Feasibility of sentinel lymph node biopsy omission after integration of 18F-FDG dedicated lymph node PET in early breast cancer:a prospective phase Ⅱ trial

Objective:Sentinel lymph node biopsy(SLNB) is currently the standard of care in clinically node negative(cN0) breast cancer.The present study aimed to evaluate the negative predictive value(NPV) of ¹⁸F-FDG dedicated lymph node positron emission tomography(LymphPET) in cN0 patients.Methods:This was a prospective phase II trial divided into 2 stages(NCT04072653).In the first stage,cN0 patients underwent axillary LymphPET followed by SLNB.In the second stage,SLNB was omitted in patients ...     

Giganteaside D induces ROS-mediated apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells through the MAPK pathway

Purpose

Every year, almost one million individuals are diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide and more than 690,000 patients die of it. At present, most therapeutic anti-HCC agents are not effective, which is due to the appearance of chemo-resistance and/or toxic side effects. Therefore, it is imperative to find novel more effective anti-HCC agents. Here, we evaluated the effect of giganteaside D (GD), an oleanolic acid saponin from P. scabiosaefolia, on the growth and apoptosis of HCC cells.

Methods and results

Using MTT and clonogenic assays, we found that GD exhibited a significant growth inhibitory effect on the HCC-derived cell lines HepG2 and Bel-7402. In addition, we found that GD induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in these HCC-derived cells, as indicated by a decreased mitochondrial potential, activation of Caspase-9 and Caspase-3, cleavage of PARP and release of Cytochrome C from the mitochondria. Besides, we found that GD stimulated the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and that blockage of ROS attenuated the GD-induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Additionally, we found that GD treatment led to a decrease in phosphorylated Erk (p-Erk) and triggered the generation of p-JNK, both components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Inhibition of Erk or JNK by specific inhibitors or siRNAs augmented or attenuated the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of GD.

Conclusions

From our results we conclude that GD can induce ROS-mediated apoptosis in HCC-derived cells through the MAPK pathway. This observation may open up avenues to explore the future use of GD as a HCC chemotherapeutic agent.

     

原发性胃非何杰金淋巴瘤

本文总结了我院1985年～1989年收治的28例原发性胃非何杰金淋巴癌（pgNHL）的临床治疗经验。主要治疗方法包括26例手术切除，2例剖腹探查，3例术后放疗，15例术后化疗，4例术后放疗和化疗。手术切除率92．9％，无1例手术死亡。总5年生存率60．7％，中位生存期79．5个月，Ⅰ＋Ⅱ期患者5年生存率71．4％，Ⅲ＋Ⅳ期28－6％（P＜0．05）。单纯手术患者5年生存率20％，手术＋化疗80％，手术＋放疗和化疗75％（P＜0．01）。作者分析了手术治疗pgNHL的必要性，并强调了联合治疗的意义。     

中国广东籍汉族人细胞色素P450_2E_1基因5'侧翼区多态性

目的：探讨中国广东籍汉族人细胞色素Ｐ４５０２Ｅ１基因５′侧翼区的多态性分布规律。方法：利用聚合酶链反应和ＲｓａⅠ、ＰｓｔⅠ限制性片段长度多态性（ＰＣＲＲＦＬＰ）技术对８２名正常中国广东籍汉族人的细胞色素Ｐ４５０２Ｅ１基因５′侧翼区的多态性进行了检测。结果：８２名正常中国广东籍汉族人的细胞色素Ｐ４５０２Ｅ１基因５′侧翼区Ｃ１（ＲｓａⅠ＋,ＰｓｔⅠ）、Ｃ２（ＲｓａⅠ,ＰｓｔⅠ＋）等位基因频率分别为０８５４,０１４６;基因型Ｃ１Ｃ１、Ｃ１Ｃ２、Ｃ２Ｃ２的比率分别为０７３２、０２４４、００２４,符合ＨａｒｄｙＷｅｉｎｂｅｒｇ平衡分布。结论：中国广东籍汉族人细胞色素Ｐ４５０２Ｅ１基因５′侧翼区ＲｓａⅠ和ＰｓｔⅠ多态性分布规律与欧美人显著不同。     

二叶式主动脉瓣中miRNA-195调控瓣膜钙化的机制研究

目的：探究二叶式主动脉瓣中miRNA-195调控瓣膜钙化的可能机制。方法：收集35例接受主动脉瓣置换术患者狭窄的二叶式或三叶式主动脉瓣,通过PCR及Western blot分别检测miRNA-195的表达量、果蝇母源抗皮肤生长因子（drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic 7,SMAD7）的mRNA及蛋白表达量。双荧光素酶法预测miRNA-195的靶基因。在猪瓣膜间质细胞中分别沉默和过表达miRNA-195,检测SMAD7的mRNA表达水平并探究两者的相互关系。在人类瓣膜组织上通过免疫组化染色检测基质金属蛋白酶（matrix metalloproteinase,MMP）-2、MMP-9蛋白水平,通过天狼星红染色检测胶原蛋白水平,通过Von Kossa染色比较钙化程度差异,进而研究钙化相关的功能改变。结果：与狭窄的三叶式主动脉瓣相比,狭窄的二叶式主动脉瓣中miRNA-195表达降低,SMAD7的mRNA和蛋白水平升高。双荧光素酶实验提示SMAD7是miRNA-195的直接靶标。在猪瓣膜间质细胞中沉默miRNA-195引起SMAD7 mRNA水平升高,过表达miRNA-195引起SMAD7 mRNA水平降低。狭窄钙化的二叶式主动脉瓣组织中MMP-2、MMP-9及胶原的表达较狭窄钙化的三叶式主动脉瓣升高。结论：在二叶式主动脉瓣中,下调的miRNA-195促进了SMAD7表达,进而促进细胞外基质的纤维化并最终促进其钙化。     

Novel Amdoparvovirus Infecting Farmed Raccoon Dogs and Arctic Foxes

A new amdoparvovirus, named raccoon dog and fox amdoparvovirus (RFAV), was identified in farmed sick raccoon dogs and arctic foxes. Phylogenetic analyses showed that RFAV belongs to a new species within the genus Amdoparvovirus of the family Parvoviridae. An RFAV strain was isolated in Crandell feline kidney cell culture.     

Initial satisfying experience of total retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy: a retrospective comparative research

BackgroundRadical nephroureterectomy (RNU) is the principal method for treatment of high-risk upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). The transperitoneal approach is associated with poor disease progression, but the distal ureter-bladder cuff (DUBC) resection through retroperitoneal laparoscopic approach is difficult. This study proposed a modulated RNU technique, namely, total retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy (tRLRNU), with its advantages of DUBC resection and requiring fewer trocars etc. The efficiency, safety, and short-term impacts were retrospectively compared with total transperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy (tTLRNU).MethodsTotal of 12 patients who received tRLRNU and 28 patients who received tTLRNU were enrolled. The choice of surgical approach was random and their data were retrospectively analyzed. During tRLRNU, the laparoscope was versed towards the caudal direction and a retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterectomy was performed. The bladder cuff was entirely transected and the bladder incision was sutured. The tRLRNU cases were compared with the tTLRNU cases in terms of general clinical data, pathologic parameters, peri-operative parameters, adjuvant therapy, and short-term outcomes. The independent samples t-tests, chi-square tests, and Fischer exact tests were used to analyze the differences.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the basic patient characteristics between the 2 groups. The data were comparable. There were significantly fewer trocars utilized in tRLRNU group compared to tTLRNU group (P=0.0008). tRLRNU group experienced less blood loss (98.33±61.32 versus 170.71±121.32 mL; P=0.017), smaller drainage volume (182.08±163.60 versus 1,924.82±3,370.02 mL; P=0.011), and shorter extubation time (5.67±1.07 versus 8.57±6.96 days; P=0.040) compared to tRLRNU group. There were no statistically differences in the other peri-operative parameters, including whole operation time, transfusion, visceral and vascular injuries, open conversion, post-operative bleeding, recovery time of intestinal function, and discharge time. The patient outcomes in tTLRNU group at 6 months were significantly worse than that of tRLRNU group by comparing progression-free survival, progression survival and mortality (P=0.039).ConclusionsThe tRLRNU was potentially safer, minimally invasive, and more effective compared to the tTLRNU. Due to the small sample size, short follow-up time and no randomization of the study, future comparative studies are warranted to further analyze long-term outcomes of tRLRNU.     

Twist在大肠癌中的表达及其与临床病理指标的关系

目的探讨肿瘤相关基因Twist表达在大肠癌临床病理诊断中的应用价值。方法应用鼠抗人Twist单克隆抗体采用S-P免疫组织化学方法检测112例不同类型大肠癌组织及40例正常肠粘膜组织中Twist的表达并与临床病理指标比较。结果在112例大肠癌组织中,Twist基因阳性表达78例;在正常组织中其阳性表达为15例,两者比较具有显著统计学差异(χ2=11.21,p=0.001);进一步综合临床病理资料统计分析,Twist在大肠癌组织中表达与肿瘤的分化程度、肿瘤浸润、淋巴结转移、Duke’s分期有关(p值分别为0.008、0.017、0.044、0.011),均有显著差异;而与病人年龄、性别无关(p值为0.286、0.887)。结论Twist基因表达检测能较好的判断大肠癌肿瘤分化程度、浸润、淋巴结转移等,在大肠癌诊断中作用明确,对临床病理学诊断有明确的指导作用。