人类炎性乳腺癌移植肿瘤裸鼠动物模型的建立和生物学特性的研究

目的 为研究肿瘤的转移机制,建立炎性乳腺癌裸鼠动物模型,并检测其生物学特性。方法 应用Northern印迹、Western印迹、酶谱分析法和免疫组化法检测炎性乳腺癌裸鼠动物模型的生物学特性。结果 成功地建立了炎性乳腺癌裸鼠动物模型。并证实该动物模型表现为人类炎性乳腺癌的生物学特征,同时也发现该肿瘤动物模型有肺部的远处转移,对其生物学特性的检测中发现该移植肿瘤表现为雌激素受体阴性、孕激素受体阴性、p53强阳性,表皮生长因子受体过度表达以及Her-2/neu过度表达等。移植肿瘤形成率为70%左右,同时进行了一系列初步的筛选实验,和其他非炎性乳腺癌移植肿瘤相比,炎性乳腺癌移植肿瘤表达非常高的钙粘着糖蛋白和粘蛋白,而其他因子则无异常表达。结论 炎性乳腺癌的裸鼠移植肿瘤动物模型为研究肿瘤转移机制提供了很好的研究模型。     

胸腺注射供体脾细胞诱导移植心脏免疫耐受的实验研究

目的探讨诱导心脏移植免疫耐受的方法及其产生的可能机制. 方法采用大鼠腹部心脏移植模型,随机分成未处理(Ⅰ)组,胸腺注射供体脾细胞(Ⅱ)组,腹腔注射兔抗鼠淋巴细胞血清(Ⅲ)组,胸腺注射供体脾细胞联合应用兔抗鼠淋巴细胞血清(Ⅳ)组,每组6只大鼠.Ⅱ、Ⅳ组在移植前2 1 d将供体脾细胞2.5×107个注射到受体胸腺,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组受体腹腔注射兔抗鼠淋巴细胞血清(ALS)1 ml,然后行异位心脏移植.观察移植心脏存活时间,供心病理学改变及供、受体间的混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR). 结果Ⅳ组供心平均存活时间(MST)为(81.8±7.6)d,较Ⅰ组(7.3±1.0)d、Ⅱ组( 7.8±1.0)d、Ⅲ组(8.2±1.2)d显著延长,差异有显著性意义(P＜ 0.01 );供心仅见少量炎性细胞浸润;供、受体间MLR较正常对照组显著降低,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.01). 结论胸腺注射供体脾细胞联合应用ALS能成功诱导心脏移植的免疫耐受;胸腺内特异性T细胞克隆消除可能与免疫耐受的形成有关.     

雷公藤内酯酮对免疫功能的影响

目的 :雷公藤内酯酮 (T7)有明确的雄性抗生育作用 ,为了解其抗生育时的安全性 ,观察它对免疫功能的影响。　方法 :雄性小鼠灌服T73 5d后与雌鼠交配 ,观察雌鼠怀孕情况及雄性小鼠附睾精子 ,同时观察对免疫功能的影响。　结果 :抗生育剂量的T7并不影响小鼠的非特异性免疫功能 ,抗生育剂量的T7对抗体生成有抑制作用 ,但对B细胞的免疫功能有促进作用。大剂量T7有一定的免疫抑制作用 ,但T7的安全指数较高。　结论 :T7相对安全 ,但作为抗生育药物还需进一步研究     

个案管理对社区精神分裂症患者服药依从性和生活质量的影响

目的探讨个案管理对社区精神分裂症患者服药依从性和生活质量的影响。方法选取精神卫生中心2个辖区的社区精神分裂症患者100例,按社区分为观察组和对照组各50例,对照组按常规接受门诊随访,观察组实施个案管理,即成立个案管理团队,由精神科护士为患者建立档案,于建档后第1、3、6、12个月上门对患者进行个案随访,根据个案管理随访记录表内容对患者进行评估并进行针对性的干预。于入组时及干预1年后采用简明依从性评定量表和生存质量测定量表简表测评干预效果。结果干预后观察组服药依从率显著高于对照组(P0.01);两组生活质量评分比较,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论对社区精神分裂症患者实施个案管理有助于改善其服药依从性,提高其生活质量,是一种较为有效的医院-社区管理模式。     

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia involving the thoracic spine with myelopathy: case report and review of the literature

Background contextPolyostotic fibrous dysplasia (PFD) seldom involves the thoracic spine and usually presents with back pain.PurposeTo describe an extremely rare presentation of an uncommon disease.Study design/settingWe present a case report from a university hospital.MethodsWe report a case of symptomatic thoracic PFD associated with myelopathy and pathologic fracture. A thorough search of PubMed/MEDLINE was performed for the terms “polyostotic fibrous dysplasia,” “spine,” and “neurological deficit.”ResultsThe patient was treated by posterior laminectomy, vertebroplasty, and pedicle screw fixation and fusion. Satisfactory results were achieved, and there were no complications.ConclusionsIn the spine, PFD may lead to pathologic fracture and myelopathy even after adolescence. Vertebroplasty with or without decompression and fixation may be the appropriate option for cases with myelopathy.     

Catalase Overexpression Prevents Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2–Related Factor 2 Stimulation of Renal Angiotensinogen Gene Expression,Hypertension, and Kidney Injury in Diabetic Mice

This study investigated the impact of catalase (Cat) overexpression in renal proximal tubule cells (RPTCs) on nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) stimulation of angiotensinogen (Agt) gene expression and the development of hypertension and renal injury in diabetic Akita transgenic mice. Additionally, adult male mice were treated with the Nrf2 activator oltipraz with or without the inhibitor trigonelline. Rat RPTCs, stably transfected with plasmid containing either rat Agt or Nrf2 gene promoter, were also studied. Cat overexpression normalized systolic BP, attenuated renal injury, and inhibited RPTC Nrf2, Agt, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene expression in Akita Cat transgenic mice compared with Akita mice. In vitro, high glucose level, hydrogen peroxide, and oltipraz stimulated Nrf2 and Agt gene expression; these changes were blocked by trigonelline, small interfering RNAs of Nrf2, antioxidants, or pharmacological inhibitors of nuclear factor-κB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. The deletion of Nrf2-responsive elements in the rat Agt gene promoter abolished the stimulatory effect of oltipraz. Oltipraz administration also augmented Agt, HO-1, and Nrf2 gene expression in mouse RPTCs and was reversed by trigonelline. These data identify a novel mechanism, Nrf2-mediated stimulation of intrarenal Agt gene expression and activation of the renin-angiotensin system, by which hyperglycemia induces hypertension and renal injury in diabetic mice.     

Association between nutrition and peripheral artery disease in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients

Objective To investigate the association between nutrition and peripheral artery disease (PAD) in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. Methods One hundred and two stable CAPD patients from a single center were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Automatic ankle-brachial index (ABI) measuring system was applied to examine ABI. Patients were divided into PAD group (ABI＜0.9) and non-PAD group (ABI≥0.9). Clinical data were collected. Biochemical parameters were detected. Nutritional status was evaluated by serum albumin, handgrip strength (HGS) and subjective global assessment (SGA). Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the association of PAD with each nutritional marker as well as other potential risk factors. Results The incidence of PAD was 23.53% (24/102). ABI was significantly lower in patients with malnutrition as compared to those without malnutrition [(0.72±0.21) vs (1.04±0.14), P＜0.01]. Compared with non-PAD patients, serum albumin (P＜0.01), HGS (P＜0.01), diastolic blood pressure (P＜0.05), serum creatine (P＜0.05)、blood urine nitrogen (P＜0.01) were significantly decreased, but age (P＜0.01), the incidence of malnutrition [SGA, P＜0.01], diabetic status (P＜0.01), cardiovascular disease history (P＜0.01) were significantly increased in PAD patients. Logistic regression analysis showed that serum albumin (OR=0.762, 95％CI：0.611-0.948, P=0.015), HGS (OR=0.988, 95％CI：0.979-0.997, P=0.013) were independent protective factors for PAD, malnutrition [(SGA), OR=21.101, 95％CI：5.008-88.901, P＜0.01] was independent risk factor for PAD in CAPD patients. Conclusions The PAD incidence of CAPD patients in our center is 23.53%. Nutrition is independent factor associated with PAD in CAPD patients.     

补肾健脾化瘀方对去势大鼠股骨骨髓ERRα和PGC-1α mRNA表达的影响

目的 探讨补肾健脾化瘀方对去势大鼠股骨骨髓组织中雌激素相关受体α（ERRα）和过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体γ协同刺激因子-1α（PGC-1α） mRNA表达的影响。方法 40只7月龄SD雌性大鼠随机分成假手术组、模型组、中药组（补肾健脾化瘀方）、阿伦磷酸钠组。治疗12周后,小动物双能X线检测左侧股骨骨密度,HE染色观察胫骨近端骨形态,QPCR检测骨髓组织中ERRα、PGC-1α mRNA表达水平检测。结果 模型组骨密度低于假手术组（P＜0.05）;中药组与阿伦磷酸钠组骨密度高于模型组（P＜0.05）,而假手术组、中药组与阿伦磷酸钠组之间无统计学差异。与假手术组相比,模型组骨髓组织中ERRα mRNA表达水平上升（P＜0.05）,PGC-1α mRNA表达水平下降（P＜0.05）。予以药物干预后,与模型组相比,中药组骨髓组织中ERRα mRNA表达水平下降（P＜0.05）,PGC-1α mRNA表达水平上升（P＜0.05）;而阿伦磷酸钠组骨髓组织中ERRα mRNA表达水平下降（P＜0.01）,PGC-1α mRNA表达水平虽呈现增高的趋势,但无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。结论 补肾健脾化瘀方可能是通过提高骨髓组织中PGC-1α mRNA表达水平,降低ERRα mRNA表达水平,从而提高去势大鼠骨密度。     

Diagnosis and treatment of vertebral hemangiomas with neurologic deficit: a report of 29 cases and literature review

Background contextVertebral hemangiomas (VHs) are called benign tumors but are actually just vascular malformations. The diagnosis and treatment for aggressive VHs is still controversial, due to their rarity.PurposeTo evaluate the safety and efficiency of the present diagnostic methods and treatment choices.Study designA retrospective study of aggressive VHs with neurologic deficit.Patients sampleA total of 29 consecutive aggressive VH cases were diagnosed and treated in our department since 2001.Outcome measuresWe routinely took anteroposterior and lateral spinal roentgenograms, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance images.MethodsTrocar biopsy is indicated in suspected malignant cases. Radiotherapy was usually our first choice if the neurologic deficit was mild or developed slowly. Surgery was indicated if the neurologic deficit was severe or developed quickly or if the radiotherapy was not effective.ResultsThis series included 12 males and 17 females, and the mean age at diagnosis was 44.0 years (range, 21–72 years). Ten patients had radiculopathy, 1 had cauda equina syndrome, and 18 cases had myelopathy. Twenty-one cases had lesions in the thoracic spine, 5 in the lumbar, and 3 in the cervical region. Eleven cases had untypical image findings, including five cases with pathologic vertebral fracture. The neurologic compression came from only epidural soft tumor mass in 18 cases, whereas it came from both bony compression and soft lesion in the other 11 cases. Ten cases had radiotherapy alone, but two failed and had surgery later. Twenty-one cases had surgery. In the 12 cases having surgical decompression without vertebroplasty, the average estimated blood loss was 1900 mL, and it was 1093 mL for the eight cases having decompression with vertebroplasty. The average follow-up was 51.1 months (range, 24–133 months). There was no recurrence in those cases with radiotherapy, whereas three had local recurrence in those six cases treated by surgical decompression alone without radiotherapy.ConclusionsIn aggressive VHs, epidural soft-tissue compression was usually the main reason for neurologic deficit. In cases with rapid progressive and/or severe myelopathy, posterior decompression and stabilization could be combined with intraoperative vertebroplasty to reduce blood loss.     

Lymph Node Counts and Ratio in Axillary Dissections Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer: A Better Alternative to Traditional pN Staging

Background

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) for breast cancer might change the number of involved and detected nodes in axillary lymph node dissections (ALND). In this study, we analyzed whether the number of dissected nodes and the lymph node ratio (LNR, defined as the proportion of involved nodes in dissected nodes) would have a better prognostic value than traditional pN staging.

Methods

A total of 569 patients with stage II, III breast cancer were included in this retrospective study. All patients underwent a median of three cycles of NCT followed by mastectomy and ALND. Clinical and pathological variables were investigated using univariate and multivariate survival analyses.

Results

In post-NCT node-negative (LN?) patients, those with 4–9 dissected nodes experienced a significantly lower relapse-free survival (RFS) compared with those with 10 or more dissected nodes (hazard ratio = 0.19, 0.41, for 10–19 nodes, 20+ nodes, respectively; 4–9 nodes as the reference; P = 0.002). In post-NCT node-positive (LN+) patients, a lower LNR was correlated with a better RFS on multivariate analysis, and pN staging failed to show independent prognostic significance when the LNR was included in the Cox regression model (hazard ratio = 4.2, 2.97, 2.24, and 1.68 for LNR 81–100, 61–80, 41–60; and 21–40 %, respectively; LNR 0–20 % as the reference. P < 0.001). In addition, there were significant differences in the estimated 5-year RFS for pN1 (P = 0.043) and pN3 patients (P = 0.03) among the different LNR subgroups.

Conclusions

Our study has provided new evidence that the number of dissected nodes (in LN? patients) and the LNR (in LN+ patients) might be a complementary or alternative method to traditional pN staging when evaluating disease after primary treatment.