Measuring the impact of nutrition education and physical activity on older adults participating in government sponsored programs

A longitudinal, four-year study (2004-2007) with a cohort of 139 older adults (majority women;71%) was conducted to examine the impact of community-based nutrition and physical activity programs on health outcome measures. Demographic and anthropometric data were collected and nutrition screening was performed. Blood pressure, serum cholesterol and glucose levels, and pulse rate were also measured. The blood pressure, both mean systolic and diastolic, 141(±?19.0)/79.3?±?9.7 (2004) vs. 127.8?±?10.9/73.8?±?10.2?mm Hg (2007), were improved (p?相似文献   

Influence of menstrual cycle phase on pulmonary function in asthmatic athletes

The main aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between menstrual cycle phase and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in female athletes with mild atopic asthma. Seven eumenorrheic subjects with regular 28-day menstrual cycles were exercised to volitional exhaustion on day 5 [mid-follicular (FOL)] and day 21 [mid-luteal (LUT)] of their menstrual cycle. Pulmonary function tests were conducted pre- and post-exercise. The maximal percentage decline in post-exercise forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁) and forced expiratory flow from 25 to 75% of forced vital capacity (FEF_25–75%) was significantly greater (P<0.05) on day 21 (mid-LUT phase) (−17.35±2.32 and −26.28±6.04%, respectively), when salivary progesterone concentration was highest, compared to day 5 (mid-FOL phase) (−12.81±3.35 and −17.23±8.20%, respectively), when salivary progesterone concentration was lowest. The deterioration in the severity of EIB during the mid-LUT phase was accompanied by worsening asthma symptoms and increased bronchodilator use. There was a negative correlation between the percent change in pre- to post-exercise FEV₁ and salivary progesterone concentration. However, no such correlation was found between salivary estradiol and the percentage change in pre- to post-exercise FEV₁. This study has shown for the first time that menstrual cycle phase is an important determinant of the severity of EIB in female athletes with mild atopic asthma. Female asthmatic athletes may need to adjust their training and competition schedules to their menstrual cycle and to consider the potential negative effects of the LUT phase of the menstrual cycle on exercise performance.     

Effect of Cymbopogon citratus L. essential oil on growth and morphogenesis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ML2-strain

The growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was completely inhibited using 2.0 microl/ml or 4.0 microl/ml of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil applied by fumigation or contact method in Sabouraud's broth medium, respectively. This oil was found also to be fungicidal at the same concentrations. The sublethal doses 1.0 and 3.0 microl/ml inhibited about 98% of yeast growth after 24 hr of incubation as compared with the control. Microscopic observations using Light Microscope (LM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) showed morphogenic and ultrastructure changes in the fumigated cells with 1.0 microl/ml of the oil. These changes including decrease in cell size, depressions on the surface of the cells, alteration in cell wall thickness and disruption of plasma membrane. Moreover, Ca(+2), K(+) and Mg(+2) leakages increased from the fumigated cells and its total lipid content decreased. Also, the fatty acid composition was altered with decrease in the amount of saturated fatty acids and increase in the amount of unsaturated fatty acids.     

Papillary carcinoma of the breast in a male patient with a treated prostatic carcinoma diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy: a case report and review of the literature

Papillary carcinoma of the male breast is very rare. In this case report, we describe the cytologic, histologic, immunohistochemical, and radiological findings of a papillary carcinoma of male breast. A 67-yr-old man, who had a previous history of prostatic adenocarcinoma, presented with a retroareolar painless mass. There was no known history of breast cancer in his family. A fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) was performed. Cytological examination revealed a cellular aspirate with three-dimensional papillary clusters. A diagnosis of papillary lesion favoring papillary carcinoma was rendered. Immunohistochemical staining of the cell-block of the FNAB revealed the presence of mammaglobin, and the absence of prostatic specific antigen. The patient underwent lumpectomy, which showed a moderately differentiated infiltrating papillary carcinoma with adjacent areas of ductal carcinoma in situ. FNAB is a useful technique in identifying male breast carcinoma. In conjunction with ancillary studies, this procedure can effectively differentiate between a primary versus metastatic lesion.     

Development of a controlled release low dose class II drug-Glipizide

The purpose of this study was to develop a new monolithic matrix system to completely deliver glipizide, a Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class II drug in a zero order manner over an extended time period. Two approaches were examined using drug in formulations that contain swellable hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) or erodible polyethylene oxide (PEO). The matrices were prepared by dry blending selected ratios of polymers and ingredients using direct compression technique. Dissolution was assessed using modified USP apparatus II. Glucotrol XL push-pull osmotic pump (PPOP) was used as the reference. The interrelationship between matrix hydration, erosion and textural properties were determined and analyzed under the dissolution test conditions. Linear and reproducible release similar to that of Glucotrol XL was achieved for optimized matrices (f2>50) independent of hydrodynamic conditions. The kinetics of drug delivery was directly related to the synchronization of swelling, erosion and fractional release. HPMC matrices showed a significantly greater degree of hydration and swelling and stronger texture property relative to PEO matrices. Results indicate that in the case of low dose/low soluble drug, total drug release in a zero order manner heavily depends on the synchronization of erosion and swelling fronts during the entire dissolution study.     

A simple relationship between dielectric constant of mixed solvents with solvent composition and temperature

A simple computational method for calculating dielectric constants of solvent mixtures based on Redlich-Kister extension was proposed. The model was applied to the experimental dielectric constant of binary and ternary solvent mixtures at fixed and/or various temperatures and showed accurate results. Overall average percentage deviation (OAPD) between calculated and experimental dielectric constants was calculated as an accuracy criterion. The OAPDs for correlative and predictive analyses of dielectric constants in binary solvents at a fixed temperature were 0.56 and 1.42%, respectively. The corresponding values for binary solvents at different temperatures were 1.29 and 1.92%, respectively. The OAPDs for correlative and predictive analyses of dielectric constants of a nonaqueous ternary solvent mixture at various temperatures were 1.61 and 3.05%. The accuracy of the proposed models has also been compared with those of previously published models and results showed that the proposed models were superior and capable of providing more accurate results.     

Core needle biopsy versus fine needle aspiration biopsy: are there similar sampling and diagnostic issues?

Evidence suggests that in experienced hands fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is highly safe and effective for the evaluation of patients who have palpable breast lesions. In most cases, FNAB leads to an appropriate clinical or surgical management. FNAB can also be effectively used in evaluation of cystic lesions under ultrasound guidance. Other nonpalpable lesions can benefit from image-directed core needle biopsy (CNB). Overall, cost should influence the decision to use FNAB or CNB. FNAB may be the only affordable procedure in developing countries. Breast cancer affects significant numbers of women worldwide. Attempts should be made to take all the measures necessary to consider optimal approaches to breast health care for everyone regardless of age, race, ethnicity, or social status.