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11.
Background: Thirty six cases of lenticular nucleus drop following phacoemulsification and 43 cases of posterior dislocation of intraocular lens (IOL) inclusive of two paediatric cases were managed by a modified vitrectomy procedure without using perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL). 相似文献
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13.
F Waanders VS Vaidya H van Goor H Leuvenink K Damman I Hamming JV Bonventre L Vogt G Navis 《American journal of kidney diseases》2009,53(1):16-25
BACKGROUND: Tubulointerstitial damage plays an important role in chronic kidney disease (CKD) with proteinuria. Urinary kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) reflects tubular KIM-1 and is considered a sensitive biomarker for early tubular damage. We hypothesized that a decrease in proteinuria by using therapeutic interventions is associated with decreased urinary KIM-1 levels. STUDY DESIGN: Post hoc analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: 34 proteinuric patients without diabetes from our outpatient renal clinic. INTERVENTION: Stepwise 6-week interventions of losartan, sodium restriction (low-sodium [LS] diet), their combination, losartan plus hydrochlorothiazide (HCT), and the latter plus an LS diet. OUTCOMES & MEASUREMENTS: Urinary excretion of KIM-1, total protein, and N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) as a positive control for tubular injury. RESULTS: Mean baseline urine protein level was 3.8 +/- 0.4 (SE) g/d, and KIM-1 level was 1,706 +/- 498 ng/d (increased compared with healthy controls; 74 ng/d). KIM-1 level was decreased by using placebo/LS (1,201 +/- 388 ng/d; P = 0.04), losartan/high sodium (1,184 +/- 296 ng/d; P = 0.09), losartan/LS (921 +/- 176 ng/d; P = 0.008), losartan/high sodium plus HCT (862 +/- 151 ng/d; P = 0.008) and losartan/LS plus HCT (743 +/- 170 ng/d; P = 0.001). The decrease in urinary KIM-1 levels paralleled the decrease in proteinuria (R = 0.523; P < 0.001), but not blood pressure or creatinine clearance. 16 patients reached target proteinuria with protein less than 1 g/d, whereas KIM-1 levels normalized in only 2 patients. Urinary NAG level was increased at baseline and significantly decreased during the treatment periods of combined losartan plus HCT only. The decrease in urinary NAG levels was not closely related to proteinuria. LIMITATIONS: Post hoc analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary KIM-1 level was increased in patients with nondiabetic CKD with proteinuria and decreased in parallel with proteinuria by using losartan, sodium restriction, their combination, losartan plus HCT, and the latter plus sodium restriction. These results are consistent with the hypothesis of amelioration of proteinuria-induced tubular damage. Long-term studies are warranted to evaluate whether targeting treatment on KIM-1 can improve outcomes in patients with CKD with proteinuria. 相似文献
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A gradient in the duration of the G1 phase in the murine neocortical proliferative epithelium 总被引:2,自引:6,他引:2
Miyama S; Takahashi T; Nowakowski RS; Caviness VS Jr 《Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)》1997,7(7):678-689
Neuronogenesis in the neocortical pseudostratified ventricular epithelium
(PVE) is initiated rostrolaterally and progresses caudo- medially as
development progresses. Here we have measured the cytokinetic parameters
and the fractional neuronal output parameter, Q, of laterally located
early-maturing regions over the principal embryonic days (E12-E15) of
neocortical neuronogenesis in the mouse. These measures are compared with
ones previously made of a medial, late- maturing portion of the PVE.
Laterally, as medially, the duration of the neuronogenetic interval is 6
days and comprises 11 integer cell cycles. Also, in both lateral and medial
areas the length of G1 phase (TG1) increases nearly 4-fold and is the only
cell cycle parameter to change. Q progresses essentially identically
laterally and medially with respect to the succession of integer cell
cycles. Most importantly, from E12 to E13 there is a steeply declining
lateral to medial gradient in TG1. The gradient is due both to the lateral
to medial graded stage of neuronogenesis and to the stepwise increase in
TG1 with each integer cycle during the neuronogenetic interval. To our
knowledge this gradient in TG1 of the cerebral PVE is the first cell
biological gradient to be demonstrated experimentally in such an extensive
proliferative epithelial sheet. We suggest that this gradient in TG1 is the
cellular mechanism for positionally encoding a protomap of the neocortex
within the PVE.
相似文献
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17.
Autoantibodies against platelet membrane glycoproteins in children with acute and chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The autoimmune nature of chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in adults is widely accepted. In contrast, the pathogenetic mechanism in acute and chronic ITP in children is not known. In this report, we studied 39 children with destructive thrombocytopenia, 15 patients with acute ITP and 24 patients with chronic ITP. Platelet autoantibodies to platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa were detected in 14 of 24 patients (58.3%) in the chronic ITP group and in four of 15 (26.7%) with acute ITP. Binding ratios (+/- SD) of positive patients were significantly greater (P = .01) in chronic ITP (8.0 +/- 9.1) when compared with those of acute ITP where the binding ratios were only slightly above the normal range (1.9 +/- 0.4). The results show that autoantibodies against platelet glycoproteins are present in the majority of children with chronic ITP confirming the autoimmune nature of this disorder. The minimal elevation seen in the positive children with acute ITP suggests a different pathogenetic mechanism. These data suggest that this approach may be useful in differentiating acute from chronic ITP patients. 相似文献
18.
Gudlavalleti VS Murthy Samantha Fox Selvaraj Sivasubramaniam Clare E Gilbert Abdull M Mahdi Abdullahi U Imam Gabriel Entekume Abiose Adenike Olufunmilayo O Bankole C Ezelum Fatima Kyari Mansur M Rabiu Hannah Faal Pak Sang Lee Abubakar Tafida 《Cardiovascular journal of Africa》2013,24(9):344-350
Hypertension is increasingly being recognised as an important public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa, with 26.9% of men and 28.4% of women in 2000 being estimated to have hypertension.1 Although lower than the prevalence in high-income countries (37.4% in men and 37.2% in women), in terms of numbers of people affected, the burden of hypertension in low- and middle-income countries is greater due to the large population.1Hypertension has been recognised as a strong independent risk factor for heart disease and stroke and a predictor of premature death and disability from cardiovascular complications.2 It has been reported that 13.5% of deaths and 6% of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were attributed to hypertension globally, and for low- and middle income people, these figures were 12.9 and 5.6%, respectively over the period 1990 to 2001.3 Although infectious diseases remain the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease and hypertension is rising rapidly.4It has been emphasised that urbanisation is a key reason for the increasing rates of hypertension, as evidenced by the higher prevalence of hypertension in urban areas.4-6 Urban lifestyles, characterised by sedentary living, increased salt intake, obesity and stress contribute to these differences.5 With the urban population in sub-Saharan Africa projected to increase, a greater risk of hypertension is anticipated.Studies on the association between ethnicity and hypertension in high-income countries have documented a higher prevalence of hypertension in black ethnic groups compared to white ethnic groups.7-9 Reasons for this association are complex, unclear and much debated, reflecting genetic and biochemical mechanisms, and environmental and socio-economic factors.10,11 There is limited evidence regarding differences in the prevalence of hypertension between ethnic groups within the broader classification of black ethnicity.6,12,13Studies in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa have mainly involved specific geographical areas or have focused on sub-groups of the population.5,14 Surveys from Nigeria report prevalence estimates ranging from 20.2 to 36.6%, but all have involved participants with different age ranges.15-18 To plan services for hypertension in Nigeria, it is essential to have accurate prevalence estimates for the whole population and to identify populations at risk.Nigeria, which is the most populous country in sub-Saharan Africa, is home to over 250 different ethnic groups. Nigeria is experiencing rapid urbanisation of the population, which is likely to increase the population at risk for hypertension.19 The present study is one of the largest population-based surveys in the region and is able to provide a nationally representative estimate of hypertension for Nigeria. 相似文献
19.
Longitudinal Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study: rationale,study design and research methodology 下载免费PDF全文
Rohit C Khanna MD Gudlavalleti VS Murthy MD Srinivas Marmamula PhD Asha Latha Mettla MSc Pyda Giridhar PhD Seema Banerjee BOpt Konegari Shekhar DOA Subhabrata Chakrabarti PhD Clare Gilbert FRCS Gullapalli N Rao MD Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study Group 《Clinical & experimental ophthalmology》2016,44(2):95-105
20.
BACKGROUND: Brainstem gliomas are highly heterogeneous tumors both in their clinical manifestation and in their pathology. Despite significant advances in the surgery for brainstem gliomas many aspects of this pathology are still unelear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical, radiological and surgical outcome of 40 focal "intrinsic" brainstem gliomas and propose a surgical strategyoriented classification. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 40 focal ‘intrinsie’ ("expanding variety") tumors have been operated over a period of 8.5-years (January 1998-June 2007). Our criteria included patients with (1) well-defined gadolinium enhancing tumor, (2) relatively long duration of symptoms (〉 six months) and (3) good neurological functional status and independent for all activities of davy living. The cutoff size of 2 cm was not rigidly adhered to. RESULTS: The "intrinsic" brainstem tumors were classified into three types: Expanding, diffuse infiltrative and pure ventral varieties. 相似文献