Plasmids encoding foot-and-mouth disease virus VP1 epitopes elicited immune responses in mice and swine and protected swine against viral infection

VP1 is a capsid protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and contains epitopes of the virus. Plasmids encoding two VP1 epitopes (amino acid residues 141-160 and 200-213) and a host-self immunoglobulin molecule were constructed to produce a new type of FMD DNA vaccine. Two plasmids, namely, pCEIM and pCEIS, containing mouse immunoglobulin (IgG) or swine IgG were subjected to immunogenicity testing in mice and swine, respectively. In mice administrated pCEIM in the abdomen using a genegun, both FMDV-specific T-cell proliferation and neutralizing antibodies were detected. In swine immunized with pCEIS at the back of the ear, immune responses were achieved after the second administration. Swine showed a T-cell proliferative response with a stimulation index (SI) of up to 8.1 and a neutralizing antibody response that was able to protect suckling mice from 10(2) LD(50) (lethal dose 50) FMDV challenge. To compare the immunogenicity of the DNA-based vaccine candidate, versus the protein-based vaccine candidates, a second group of swine was immunized with the protein F1-scIgG, which was encoded by the plasmid pCEIS. Injection with F1-scIgG elicited a T-cell proliferative response of SI < 1.7 and a neutralizing antibody response that protected suckling mice from up to 10(5) LD(50) FMDV challenge. In the challenge test, three of three swine immunized with pCEIS were fully protected from FMDV challenge.     

人缺血脑组织中IP-10和IFN-γ的表达

目的：探讨趋化因子IP-10和细胞因子IFN-γ是否参与人缺血脑损伤过程。方法：将21例脑梗死死亡病例按发病持续时间分为〈7天、7～14天和15～21天3组，以非缺血侧半球做对照，用HE染色法观察炎性细胞浸润情况；通过免疫组织化学方法检测缺血半球脑组织与非缺血半球脑组织中趋化因子IP-10和细胞因子IFN-γ的表达。结果：在〈7天组和7～14天组中，缺血脑组织可见大量炎性细胞浸润。在〈7天组、7～14天组和15～2l天组中，趋化因子IP-10在缺血半球脑组织中的表达高于非缺血半球（分别是1．74倍增高，P〈0．01；1．41倍增高，P〈0．05和1．52倍增高，P〈0．01）。在对细胞因子IFN-γ的检测中发现〈7天和7～14天组中，IFN-γ在缺血半球脑组织中的表达高于非缺血半球（分别是1．65倍增高，P〈0．05和1．32倍增高，P〈0．05）；在15～21天组中，IFN-γ在缺血半球与非缺血半球中的表达没有显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论：在人缺血脑组织中观察到IP-10和IFN-γ的表达，提示IP-10和IFN-γ参与了炎症反应对脑组织的损伤过程。同时也提示IP-10可能参与后期对损伤脑组织的修复。     

Effects of the Long-Term Depletion of Reduced Glutathione in Mice Administered L-Buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine

Effects of the Long-Term Depletion of Reduced Glutathione inMice Administered L-Buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine. SUN, J. D.,RAGSDALE, S. S., BENSON, J. M., AND HENDERSON, R. F. (1985).Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.. 5,913-919. Previous methods to depletein vivo concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) have notbeen able to lower tissue GSH levels for extended periods, havebeen toxic, and can alter the metabolism of xenobiotics. A possiblealternative to lower in vivo concentrations of GSH may be theuse of buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO) in the drinking waterof laboratory animals to inhibit the biosynthesis of GSH. Ithas been previously reported that 20 mM BSO in the drinkingwater given to mice was able to lower GSH levels in a varietyof tissues after 15 days. In order to more fully characterizethe in vivo depletion of GSH in tissues by ingestion of BSOand determine if this method would be suitable in studies requiringdepressed levels of GSH for extended periods, we added differentamounts of this agent to the drinking water given to mice forvarious times up to 28 days. We found that ingested BSO at thehighest concentrtion used in drinking water (30 mM) was ableto maximally lower GSH concentrations in mouse lungs, lung lavagefluid, liver, kidneys, and blood to 59.0 ? 3.6%, 35.0 ? 5.1%,44.3 ? 1.5%, 69.5 ? 3.9%, and 70.0 ? 6.0% of control mice, respectively,for up to 28 days. These lowered concentrations of tissue GSHreturned to control levels after mice were returned to untreateddrinking water for 7 days. The potential toxicity of such treatmentswas also evaluated. Levels of alkaline phosphatase, lactatedehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathioneperoxidase, and glutathione reductase in lungs and lung lavagefluid, and total and differential cell counts from lung lavagefluid were not different between control and BSO-treated mice.This showed that BSO treatment did not produce indications oflung injury as measured by these biochemical parameters. Serumaspartyl transferase and -glutamyl transpeptidase activitieswere unaffected by the BSO treatments, indicating normal liverfunctions. Lung and liver cytochrome P-450 concentrations werealso not different between controls and BSO-treated animals.Thus, BSO in the drinking water of mice was able to effectivelylower in vivo levels of GSH without eliciting aCUte toxic responses.     

氧化应激在溃疡性结肠炎中的作用及中医药防治研究进展

溃疡性结肠炎（UC）是一种临床常见的消化系统疾病,致病机制尚不明确,病情复杂多变,迁延难愈,治疗周期漫长,且无特效药。目前,UC的治疗多采用皮质类固醇、氨基水杨酸及生物制剂等西医手段,短时间起效快,疗效确切。但随着用药时间的延长,部分患者会出现耐药性和加剧病情发展,导致结肠癌的发生。有研究发现,氧化应激是UC重要的致病因素之一,影响着UC的发生、发展。氧化应激是机体内氧化产物与抗氧化系统不平衡的一种应激状态,丙二醛（MDA）、活性氧（ROS）、一氧化氮（NO）等氧化产物的过表达或者超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）抗氧化酶的不足都会导致氧化应激的发生。值得注意的是,中医药作为我国独有的医学特色,运用中医药治疗UC疾病已经取得显著的成效。研究表明,中医药一方面通过抑制代谢产物的堆积,有效抑制UC发生,另一方面,通过提高抗氧化系统,达到拮抗UC发展的治疗效果。因此,以中医药调节氧化平衡状态作为诊疗思路,可能是未来治疗UC疾病的新手段、新方向。基于上述研究,该文总结了氧化应激关键致病蛋白与UC发生、发展的作用机制,归纳了中药有效成分、单味中药、中药复方、针灸调控氧化应激上下游靶点蛋白,减轻肠黏膜病理损害,降低结肠损伤指数,以及丰富肠道菌群,增加结肠长度,改善UC临床症状,以期为扩大中医药治疗UC疾病的应用范围,提供可靠的科学理论依据。     

中西医结合治疗眼底病的实验和临床研究

眼底病是一种复杂的致盲率很高的眼部疾病 ,包括视网膜脱离、视网膜玻璃体出血和增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变 (PVR)等疾病。本文采用中西医结合的治疗方法对动物模型和 1998～ 2 0 0 0年此类眼病患者进行研究 ,疗效显著 ,使眼底病的治愈率有了很大幅度的提高。中医药对眼底病的治疗常用活血化瘀复方治疗 ,对于从动物实验及临床两方面同时进行中西医结合的系统治疗研究 ,尚未见有报道。     

一氧化氮对谷氨酸单钠脑损害小鼠学习记忆能力的影响

目的　观察谷氨酸单钠 (MSG)对小鼠学习记忆的影响及血浆、脑内NO含量的变化。方法　给断乳分窝小鼠MSG灌胃 ,每天 2次 ,连续 30d ,31d早灌胃后对小鼠进行迷宫行为训练 ,2 4h后对其进行迷宫记忆检测 ,用硝酸还原酶法检测血浆脑内的NO含量。结果　MSG对小鼠学习记忆能力有影响并存在剂量效应关系 ,其血浆、脑中NO含量均升高并有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　NO可加重MSG对小鼠学习与记忆的损害作用。     

重点高中生的心理状态与高考成绩的相关性研究

目的;了解重点高中学生的心理状态与高考成绩之间的关系。方法：以398例应届生为对象,应用16PF人格测验,气质测量工具（STI,TTI）及焦虑自评量表（SAS）,对考生进行测试分析,结果：文理科学生的16PF的人格特质有明显的差别,判别分析和多因素回归分析显示16PF人格特质中的Q1因素（实验性F＝8．76,P＜0．01）,Q2因素（独立性F＝8．23,P＜0．01）,与高考成绩呈正相关,与M因素（幻想性F＝4．88,P＜0．01）,呈负相关;气质中的神经过程灵活性（F＝8．15,P＜0．01）和时间特质中的灵活性（F＝12．36,P＜0．01）与高才成绩呈正相关。结论：高考生的实验性,独立性高分及幻想性低分的个性特质和气质上的灵活性有助于高考成绩的发挥,学生文理科分班宜参考学生人格特质这一特点,。     

护理人员应付方式的相关因素分析

目的 探讨影响护理人员应付方式的相关因素。方法 采用应付方式问卷和艾森克个性问卷对303名护理人员进行评定。结果 护理人员的应付方式与个性心理特征相关性较大,与年龄和护龄不呈线性关系,与是否倒班和不同的科室无关。4－5年和6－8年护龄的护理人员在应用解决问题应付方式上,比其他护龄组明显减少。结论 应加强护理人员,尤其是工作4－8年的护理人员的应付方式的指导。     

肾综合征出血热多尿期肾图的变化及意义

目的 :研究肾综合征出血热 (HFRS)多尿期肾图的变化及其意义。方法 :静脉注射 1 31 I-邻碘马尿酸钠 (1 31 I- OIH) 3.7×10 9Bq(10 μCi) ,用闪烁照相法描记 15 min,通过电子计算机自动处理 ,得出肾图的各项参数。结果 :2 0例受检者均已进入多尿期 ,2 4h尿量在 2 0 0 0 ml以上 ,血尿素氮 (BUN)已正常或接近正常 ,但肾图却明显异常 ,表现为半排时间 (TC1 /2 )延长 (>8min) ,15min残留率 (C1 5 /b)超过 5 0 % ,肾脏指数大多低于 45 % ;同期作尿β2 -微球蛋白 (β2 - m )测定 ,也明显高于正常 ;8例作发射型电子计算机扫描 (ECT)检查 ,肾小球滤过率 (GFR)和有效肾血浆流量 (ERPF)分别为 (4 0 .8± 2 1.2 ) ml/min和 (35 0 .8± 10 2 .1) ml/min,均明显低于正常 (P<0 .0 1)。结论 :HFRS患者多尿期肾图大多呈排出不良和功能受损的图形 ,表明该期肾功能以及肾血流量尚未恢复正常 ,对症治疗仍需继续。     

脑梗死患者血浆神经肽Y、降钙素基因相关肽、神经降压素、胃动素动态变化及其临床意义

观察脑梗死(CI)患者神经肽Y(NPY)、神经降压素(NT)、胃动素(MTL)、降钙素基因 相关肽(CGRP)浓度变化及其临床意义。方法选择C162例,用放免法检测血浆NPY、NT、MTL与CGRP浓度。结果NPY、NT与MTL浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.0001);于发病后24h内显著升高,7d内达高峰,8～15d开始下降,15d后仍在较高水平。NPY浓度重型与大灶组显著高于轻型(P<0.05)与小灶组(P<0.01);发病积分≥6分组显著高于<6分组(P<0.05);高血压组显著高于正常血压组(P<0.05)。NT与MTL浓度重型组显著高于中(P<0.05)、轻型组(P<0.01);高血糖组显著高于正常血糖组(P<O.01)。CGRP浓度显著低于对照组(P<0.0001),发病24h内即显著降低,2～7d进一步降低,8～15d开始升高,15d后逐渐升至正常水平。重型与大灶组显著高于轻型(P<0.0001)、中型(P<0.01)与小灶组(P<0.01);伴发病积分≥6分组显著低于<6分组(P<0.05)。结论CI患者NPY、NT、MTL、CGRP浓度变化以7d内最显著,15d后逐渐恢复正常水平;四种浓度监测可作为判断CI患者病情严重程度、病灶大小及伴发病的实验室指标。