肝癌介入术治疗患者术中应用心理护理的效果

目的研究在肝癌介入术治疗患者中应用心理护理干预的临床价值。方法本文数据计算目标是2018年1月-2019年6月的60例肝癌介入术治疗患者,以随机数字表法的形式进行分组研究,常规组(n=30)开展一般护理干预,心理组(n=30)开展心理护理干预,比较心理组与常规组肝癌介入术治疗患者临床护理情况。结果心理组肝癌介入术治疗患者治疗后临床护理满意度、焦虑评分、抑郁评分与常规组比较,两组治疗后肝癌介入术治疗患者焦虑评分、抑郁评分与治疗前比较,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论将心理护理干预应用在肝癌介入术治疗患者中可提升护理满意度。     

有机溶剂作业场所通风排毒设施常见问题及控制策略

有机溶剂是工业生产中常见的职业病危害因素,所致的各类急慢性中毒时有发生。有机溶剂挥发至空气中呈无色透明状态,了解其在作业场所的挥发和分布特点,选择合适的通风排毒设施对于有机溶剂危害控制至关重要。本文拟通过分析有机溶剂挥发、分布的影响因素,结合各类通风排毒设施存在的常见问题,重点介绍有代表性的有机溶剂作业场所的通风排毒控制策略。     

甲状腺乳头状癌伴发桥本甲状腺炎的临床研究

背景与目的：甲状腺乳头状癌（papillary thyroid carcinoma，PTC）和桥本甲状腺炎（Hashimoto’s thyroiditis，HT）的发病率均呈上升趋势，两者之间的关系已成为目前研究的热点。探讨PTC和HT之间的关系。方法：回顾性分析2014—2015年期间在中国科学院大学附属肿瘤医院头颈肿瘤外科行甲状腺癌手术治疗的首诊患者306例，术后病理学检查均明确诊断为PTC，其中术后病理学确诊伴发HT者42例，比较伴发HT与未伴发HT患者的临床病理学特征。结果：PTC患者女性发病年龄高于男性（46.2岁 vs 41.9岁）。相较于与未伴发HT的PTC患者，伴发HT的患者中女性比例更高（93% vs77%），中央区淋巴结数目较多［（5.0±3.4）枚 vs （2.5±2.7）枚］，术前促甲状腺激素（thyroid-stimulating hormone，TSH）水平较高［（3.28±1.91）μU/mL vs （2.12±1.29）μU/mL］，术前抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体（thyroid peroxidaseantibody，TPOAb）阳性率较高（55% vs 14%），术前甲状腺球蛋白抗体（thyroglobulin antibodies，TgAb）阳性率较高（69% vs 13%）。发生中央区淋巴结转移的患者中，中央区淋巴结转移数目与中央区淋巴结总数显著相关（Pearson相关系数=0.582）。多因素logistic回归分析发现，男性、低龄、被膜侵犯是PTC患者中央区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。结论：伴发HT对PTC患者的预后无显著影响。伴发HT的PTC患者TSH水平显著偏高，提示HT可能是PTC发病风险因素之一。中央区淋巴结转移数目与中央区淋巴结总数相关，推测PTC淋巴结转移可能与淋巴结炎症反应相关。     

新生儿重症监护病房中重症肺炎多种菌感染相关因素分析

目的分析新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)中重症肺炎新生儿多种菌感染危险因素。方法回顾分析2014年1月至2019年5月收入NICU的1 057例重症细菌肺炎新生儿的临床资料,分析其多种菌感染的危险因素。结果单因素分析显示,胎龄(37周)、出生体质量(2 500 g)、发病日龄(7 d)、羊水污染(Ⅱ、Ⅲ度)、感染类型(医院感染)、住院时间(≥14天)、机械通气、Apagar评分(7分)、胎膜早破、抗菌药物使用天数(≥10天)、更换抗菌药物(≥3种)、联合使用抗菌药物(≥3种)12个因素是NICU中重症肺炎新生儿多种菌感染的危险因素,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。多因素分析显示,更换抗菌药物(≥3种)、Apagar评分(7分)、感染类型(医院感染)、机械通气、羊水污染(Ⅱ、Ⅲ度)是NICU中重症肺炎新生儿多种菌感染的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论临床应针对主要危险因素采取综合防控措施,减少NICU新生儿重症肺炎多种菌感染。     

不同时间电针对直肠癌开腹手术患者围术期应激反应和免疫功能的影响

目的观察不同时点电针对直肠癌开腹手术患者围术期应激反应及免疫功能的影响。方法240例择期行直肠癌根治性开腹手术而住院的患者,随机分为A组、B组、C组、D组,每组60例。A组设为空白对照组,B组于手术前1 d、C组于手术前1 d和麻醉诱导前30 min、D组分别于手术前1 d、麻醉诱导前30 min及手术后1 d行电针。分别于手术前1 d电针前(T1)、麻醉诱导前电针前(T2)、术毕(T3)和手术后1 d电针后(T4)4个时间采集患者空腹外周静脉血,用Sysmex血细胞分析仪对白细胞与中性粒细胞进行计数;ELISA检测急性期C反应蛋白(CRP)与热反应蛋白70(HSP70)以及细胞因子白介素6(IL-6)、干扰素(IFN-g)、白介素4(IL-4)水平,并计算IFN-g与IL-4比值;采用流式细胞仪测定CD4、CD8的细胞含量并计算两者比值。结果HSP70与CRP水平、白细胞数与中性粒细胞数、IL-4与IL-6水平变化趋势均一致,4组T1、T2时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组与B组T3和T4时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);C组、D组T3和T4时间显著低于A组与B组(P<0.05);D组T4时间显著低于C组(P<0.05);4组T2时间与T1时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),T3时间高于T2时间(P<0.05),T4时间低于T3时间(P<0.05)。IFN-g变化不显著(P>0.05),IFN-g/IL-4、CD4/CD8变化趋势与以上相反。结论电针术前使用对直肠癌患者无显著疗效,但能够减轻术后应激反应和免疫抑制,并且随着电针次数的合理增加疗效更加显著。     

公立医院运营管理的思考与建议

随着医改的不断深入和建立现代医院管理制度的迫切要求，公立医院面临全新的挑战，向管理要效益是实现医院内涵式发展的重要途径。从当前公立医院运营管理的现状入手，通过深入分析存在的问题，为进一步推进公立医院运营管理建设提出思路和建议，对实现公立医院管理转型，提升医院管理水平，实现科学化、精益化管理提供借鉴。     

Subscapularis Transthoracic Versus Posterolateral Approaches in the Surgical Management of Upper Thoracic Tuberculosis: A Prospective,Randomized Controlled Study

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the clinical, radiological, and functional outcomes of a subscapularis transthoracic surgical approach and a posterolateral surgical approach with debridement, bone graft fusion, and internal fixation for the treatment of upper thoracic tuberculosis.There is currently debate over the best surgical approach for the treatment of upper thoracic tuberculosis. Traditionally, the subscapularis transthoracic approach has been preferred; however, the posterolateral approach has gained popularity in the past few years.A prospective, consecutive cohort of 43 upper thoracic tuberculosis patients with a mean age of 39 years (range: 20–52 years) was followed up for a minimum of 12 months (range: 12–60 months). Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group A (n = 21) was treated by the subscapularis transthoracic approach and group B (n = 22) was treated by the posterolateral approach. All cases were evaluated for clinical, radiological, and functional outcomes. Intraoperative blood loss, operative duration, intraoperative and postoperative complications, hospital stay, the cure rate, fusion time, and the Frankel scale were used for clinical and functional evaluation, whereas the kyphosis angle was used for radiological evaluation.Grafted bones were fused by 10 months in all cases. There was no statistically significant difference between groups before surgery in terms of gender, age, segmental tuberculosis, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Frankel scale, or Cobb''s angle (P > 0.05). The average operative duration for Group B was lower than that of Group A. There were no significant differences in intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative and postoperative complications, hospital stay, grafted bone fusion time, or cure rate between groups (P > 0.05). The Cobb''s angle correction rate for group B (68.5%) was significantly better than that of group A (30.9%). The neurological score showed significant postoperative improvement in both groups, with no significant difference between the groups.The subscapularis transthoracic approach and the posterolateral approach with debridement, bone graft fusion, and internal fixation are both sufficient and satisfactory for the surgical treatment of upper thoracic tuberculosis. However, the posterolateral approach is superior to the subscapularis transthoracic approach in terms of surgical trauma, operative time, and kyphosis correction.