辛伐他汀治疗无症状性颈动脉粥样硬化的疗效观察

目的采用颈动脉超声观察辛伐他汀治疗无症状性颈动脉粥样硬化的疗效。方法对参加我院健康体检时经彩超检查发现有颈动脉斑块的观察病例68例，每晚服用辛伐他汀，连续4月，观察颈动脉斑块的面积变化以及血脂的动态改变。结果68例观察者共发现斑块112个，服药4月后发现低回声斑块面积消退幅度达32％，混合性斑块达25％，高回声斑块只有9％，平均消退幅度22％，除高回声斑块外，其他均有明显统计学意义（P〈0．05）。患者的TC下降与治疗前比较有显著差异（P〈0．01），TG、LDL的下降与治疗前比较有明显差异（P〈0．05），HDL有所升高，但无统计学意义。结论通过观察服用辛伐他汀4月后斑块的面积变化以及血脂的改变结果表明，坚持服用他汀类药物，可以达到稳定与消退斑块的作用。     

Association between clustering of cardiovascular risk factors and resting heart rate in Chinese population: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUNDEpidemiologic studies have explored the association between a single cardiovascular risk factor (CVRF) and resting heart rate (RHR), but the research on the relation of multiple risk factors with RHR remains scarce. This study aimed to explore the associations between CVRFs clustering and the risk of elevated RHR.METHODSIn this cross-sectional study, adults aged 35–75 years from 31 provinces were recruited by the China PEACE Million Persons Projects from September 2015 to August 2020. We focused on seven risk factors: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking, alcohol use, and low physical activity. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) for elevated RHR (> 80 beats/min).RESULTSAmong 1,045,405 participants, the mean age was 55.67 ± 9.86 years, and 60.4% of participants were women. The OR (95% CI) for elevated RHR for the groups with 1, 2, 3, 4 and ≥ 5 risk factor were 1.11 (1.08–1.13), 1.36 (1.33–1.39), 1.68 (1.64–1.72), 2.01 (1.96–2.07) and 2.58 (2.50–2.67), respectively (P_trend < 0.001). The association between the CVRFs clustering number and elevated RHR was much more pronounced in young males than in other age-sex subgroups. Clusters comprising more metabolic risk factors were associated with a higher risk of elevated RHR than those comprising more behavioral risk factors. CONCLUSIONSThere was a significant positive association between the CVRFs clustering number and the risk of elevated RHR, particularly in young males. Compared clusters comprising more behavioral risk factors, clusters comprising more metabolic risk factors were associated with a higher risk of elevated RHR. RHR may serve as an indicator of the cumulative effect of multiple risk factors.

Over the past several years, the rapid development of smart wrist-worn devices has resulted in a convenient approach to monitoring resting heart rate (RHR) in daily life. RHR is becoming a promising indicator of cardiovascular health. Observational studies have shown that elevated RHR is associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in populations with or without cardiovascular disease (CVD).^[1,2] Elevated RHR has also been found to be associated with cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, low physical activity and smoking, indicating its potential to reflect total cardiac risk.^[3–7] There is abundant epidemiologic evidence supporting the association between a single CVRF and RHR, but studies exploring associations between multiple CVRFs and RHR are limited. CVRFs tend to cluster within individuals, and several weak risk factors combined may result in a much higher risk than that due to a single strong risk factor. According to a cross-sectional survey in China, more than 45% of Chinese adults have two or more coexisting CVRFs.^[8] Thus, it is important to consider the situation of multiple CVRFs clustering. However, very few studies have analyzed the association between CVRFs clustering and RHR, and several aspects remain unknown. Firstly, prior studies mainly focused on the relation between metabolic risk factors and RHR.^[9–11] Behavioral risk factors such as smoking, physical activity and alcohol use have rarely been considered, even though these risk factors also have a significant effect on heart rate.^[3,5,7] Secondly, most studies merely dealt with the relation of CVRFs clustering number with RHR, while regarding each number of risk factors, different combinations of risk factors have not yet been considered before.^[9,12] It is important to consider different CVRF clustering patterns since some risk factors combined may lead to a higher risk of elevated RHR than others, even if the number of CVRFs is the same. Thirdly, prior studies did not assess associations stratified by sex and age. It has been well documented that RHR levels differ by sex and age. The RHR in women was on average 2–7 beats/min higher than that in men, and there was a decrease in the RHR with age.^[13,14] As such, whether the associations of CVRFs clustering with RHR varied between sex and age remains unclear. Taking advantage of the large sample size in our study, we are able to include a wider range of CVRFs (metabolic and behavioral risk factors), comprehensively evaluate the association between these CVRFs clustering and RHR, and further explore sex and age differences. This finding may inform us whether RHR can be used as a simple and efficient metric for the identification of high-risk individuals who require more intensive risk factor evaluation and earlier cardiovascular health monitoring in resource-constrained countries with substantial CVD burdens, such as China. To bridge this knowledge gap, we used data from the China PEACE Million Persons Projects, a nationwide screening project, to explore (1) the association between the number of CVRFs clustering and elevated RHR in the overall population and populations stratified by age and sex; and (2) the associations between different CVRFs clusters and the risk of elevated RHR in the overall population and populations stratified by sex.     

局部注射A型肉毒毒素治疗Meige综合征

目的 观察A型肉毒毒素(BTX—A)治疗Meige综合征，(眼睑痉挛-口颌肌张力障碍综合征)的疗效。方法 用A型肉毒毒素对17例Meige综合征行面部肌肉局部多点注射，分析其治疗结果。结果 17例中完全缓解者9例，明显缓解者5例，部分缓解者2例，无效1例。总有效率94％。起效时间数小时至3天，疗效持续时间3～6个月。局部副反应轻微、短暂，无全身反应及过敏反应。结论 A型肉毒毒素是治疗Meige综合征最有效的方法。     

蛋白激酶C调节脊髓神经元突起的生长(英文)

目的关于蛋白激酶C(PKC)在神经元突起生长和神经再生中的作用,目前仍存有争议。本研究主要观察PKC对离体培养的脊髓神经元生长的调节作用,旨在阐明PKC对突起生长的调节作用。方法分离纯化胎龄14天(E14)的SD胎鼠的脊髓前角神经元,进行原代培养,并检测不同时相点膜/浆PKC活性(m/c-PKCactivity)的比值。结果神经元培养3-11d期间,神经元内m/c-PKC比值以及PKC-βII在突起中的表达水平均与突起生长呈显著相关关系(r=0.95,P<0.01;r=0.73,P<0.01)。此外,PKC激动剂PMA能显著提高m/c-PKC比值,且与神经突起的生长一致(r=0.99,P<0.01)。而PKC抑制剂GF109203X则能显著抑制突起生长,且不被PMA作用所逆转。结论PKC的活性在脊髓神经元突起生长调节中具有重要作用,其中βII亚型可能扮演重要角色。     

肝癌合并胆管内癌栓的诊断与治疗效果

目的探讨原发性肝癌伴胆管癌栓的诊断与外科手术治疗效果.方法回顾性分析原发性肝癌伴胆管癌栓11例,应用B超、CT、ERCP等影像学检查明确诊断,采用肝切除、胆管切开取栓等方法彻底清除胆管癌栓,术后行TA-CE治疗.结果无手术死亡,肝癌切除 胆管取栓者9例,生存3～38个月,平均18.5个月.TACE 胆管取栓2例,生存时间分别为6个月和11个月.结论对肝癌侵犯胆管形成癌栓者及时诊断,尽早切除肿瘤、清除癌栓是一种积极有效的治疗方法.     

Clinical Features of Oxaliplatin-induced Hypersensitivity Reactions in Chinese Patients:A Retrospective Multicenter Analysis

Objective:The characteristics of oxaliplatin-induced hypersensitivity reactions(HSRs)in Chinese patients were investigated to provide a reference for patients t...     

高血流肺动脉高压大鼠钙敏感受体、硫化氢及活性氧的研究

目的：探讨肺动脉钙敏感受体（CaSR）、血浆硫化氢（H2S）、肺动脉内皮细胞中活性氧（ROS）水平在肺动脉高压发生发展中的作用。方法18只SD雄性大鼠按随机数字表法分为对照组和实验组,每组9只。实验组行左肺叶切除术,对照组行假手术,术后均喂养35 d。比较两组大鼠肺动脉压力（ mPAP ）、右心室肥厚指数、血浆H2 S、肺动脉内皮细胞ROS水平和肺动脉CaSR mRNA的表达水平。结果实验组大鼠mPAP、肺动脉内皮细胞ROS水平及右心室肥厚指数、肺动脉CaSR mRNA表达均明显高于对照组（ P＜0．05）,血浆H2 S含量明显低于对照组（ P＜0．05）。结论肺高血流肺动脉高压大鼠肺动脉CaSR mRNA表达的改变和内皮细胞ROS对细胞的损伤可能通过改变内源性H2 S的产生而共同参与肺动脉高压的形成。     

门静脉、肠系膜上静脉的解剖与临床应用的初步研究

目的 为提高肝门胆管癌和壶腹周围癌的手术切除率,使该区域受肿瘤浸润的血管能同时切除,血管直接重建提供解剖学依据.方法 在实施肝门胆管癌切除术及胰十二指肠切除术中,对病人的肝蒂内门静脉干、胰腺钩突内的肠系膜上静脉干进行解剖学定位并分段测量长度及可以纵向折叠的长度,以此估计可切除的静脉长度及重新再建血管的长度.结果 测量肝蒂内门静脉干104例,男性(5.8±1.99)cm,女性(5.5±O.81)cm,优势长度大于4.5cm者,男性56例占76.7%,女性25例占80.6%.胰腺钩突内段肠系膜上静脉干测量54例,男性(3.7±0.77)cm,女性(3.5±0.64)cm,优势长度大于3.0cm者,男性28例占77.6%,女性14例占77.8%.门静脉纵向折叠移动的范围在1.8～4.2cm,平均折叠2.2(1.8～2.4)cm者占66.3%,平均折叠2.8(2.5～4.2)cm者占33.7%.切除胰十二指肠后胰腺钩突内肠系膜上静脉段纵向折叠范围平均4.0cm,最长达5.2cm.结论 肝门胆管癌和壶腹周围癌切除术合并受浸血管切除在一定范围是可行的.     

奈达铂联合氟尿嘧啶治疗晚期食管肿瘤的近期疗效观察

目的:探讨奈达铂(NDP)联合氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)组成NF方案治疗晚期食道肿瘤的近期疗效和毒副反应。方法:64例病人随机分为NF方案组和PF方案组各32例,前者接受NDP 5-FU化疗,后者予顺铂(PDD) 5-FU,即PF方案化疗,根据WHO标准评价疗效和毒副反应。结果:NF方案组有效率为56·2%,PF方案组有效率50%;骨髓抑制:NF方案组白细胞减少为56·2%,PF方案组为50%,其中血小板减少在NF方案组为12·5%,而PF方案组为0,胃肠道反应两组发生率分别为25%和50%。结论:奈达铂联合氟尿嘧啶组成的NF方案治疗晚期食道肿瘤毒副作用小,疗效较高,值得临床上进一步推广应用。     

眼眶瘘管形成的病因及诊疗分析

目的 探讨眼眶瘘管形成的原因,提高其诊治水平.方法 对1980年1月至2007年7月就诊于天津医科大学第二医院眼科的37例眼眶瘘管患者的病因、瘘管特点、影像学特征及治疗方法 逐一进行回顾性分析.结果 37例患者中因异物存留引发瘘管形成21例,包括植物性异物17例、医源性异物3例、花炮异物1例;眼眶囊肿9例,包括皮样囊肿5例、表皮样囊肿3例、额窦黏液囊肿l例;眼眶感染性炎症6例,包括骨髓炎5例、眼眶脓肿1例;嗜酸性肉芽肿1例.瘘管特点及影像学表现复杂,但具有一定规律性.治疗以手术清除病灶,切除瘘管为主,同时治疗毗邻结构病变,消灭复发根源.结论 眼眶瘘管形成的常见病因是异物存留、皮样囊肿和骨髓炎,其发病机制包括感染性炎症、先天性发育异常、手术及肿瘤.B型超声、CT、MRI检查对病灶的定位及定性诊断具有重要价值.正确判断病因,分析瘘管特点,是制定正确的治疗方案、根除瘘管的关键.