CO2浓度升高对不同水分养分条件下小麦幼苗生长的影响--测试文章

设置了5个氮素浓度梯度（N₀、N₁、N₂、N₃、N₄）、3个PEG（P₀、P₁、P₂）浓度梯度以及2个CO₂浓度（370±50 μmol·mol^-1; 700±50 μmol·mol^-1）水平的盆栽试验,探究了小麦幼苗生长、物质积累与分配以及植株水分条件的变化规律。结果表明：小麦幼苗株高、地上部干重、根干重、生物量以及叶水势的最大值以及高浓度CO₂的最大刺激作用均出现在处理N₁P₀; 而根长和根冠比的最大值分别出现在处理N₀P₀和N₁P₂,高浓度CO₂的最大刺激值也分别出现在处理N₀P₀和N₁P₂; 适宜养分条件下,高浓度CO₂能够最大限度地促进小麦幼苗的生长,同时高浓度CO₂通过提高小麦幼苗叶水势,一定程度上缓解了低浓度PEG胁迫的不利影响。因此,未来CO₂浓度升高将对水肥条件好的小麦产生促进作用,可缓解轻度水分不足的不利影响,而对严重干旱胁迫下小麦的生长作用不明显。     

结直肠手术后认知功能障碍患者血清细胞因子的差异表达

目的应用高通量细胞因子抗体芯片筛查结直肠手术后认知功能障碍(POCD)患者血清差异表达的细胞因子并进行验证。方法 80例择期行结直肠手术患者,根据认知功能测试量表判定POCD,于手术前1 d、术后4 h取血分离血清,高通量细胞因子芯片筛查120个血清细胞因子,差异5倍以上因子经ELISA验证。结果 77例患者完成认知量表和血样采集,术后第7天,19例发生POCD。POCD患者在年龄、麻醉风险ASA分级、糖尿病发病率、受教育程度与非POCD患者有明显差异。高通量筛查出的5倍以上差异表达血清细胞因子9个,经ELISA验证结果显示:POCD患者术前白细胞介素17(IL-17)、Fas、巨噬细胞炎性蛋白3α(MIP-3α)水平明显高于非POCD患者,瘦素(leptin)明显低于非POCD患者;术后4 h血清IL-6、IL-11、IL-17、甲基受体趋化蛋白3(MCP3)、骨髓造血祖细胞抑制因子(MPIF-1)、MIP-3α明显高于非POCD患者,脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)明显低于非POCD患者。POCD患者术后4 h的IL-6、IL-17、MCP3、MPIF-1明显高于术前;非POCD患者术后4 h IL-6、IL-17明显高于术前,Fas、BDNF明显低于术前。结论结直肠手术POCD的发生伴随的血清细胞因子IL-6、IL-11、IL-17、Fas、MPIF-1、MIP-3α、MCP3、leptin、BDNF的差异表达。     

脑络通与绞股蓝总皂甙对动脉粥样硬化性疾病的疗效比较

脑络通是用来治疗动脉粥样硬化性疾病的中药复方制剂,具有滋肾养肝、消痰祛瘀作用。为明确其治疗效果,周脑络通与绞股蓝总甙对103例动脉粥样硬化性疾病患者进行两盲临床对比观察,时间5个月以上。采用美国ATL公司彩色超声多谱勒血流声象系统在用药前后探测患者两侧颈动脉粥样硬化斑块及内中膜厚度,检测患者血脂、超氧化物歧化酶、脂过氧化物和血液流变学指标,部分病人检测血小板聚集率和心功能,并检测患者的血、尿常规和肝、肾功能,观察患者临床症状。结果发现脑络通组57块颈动脉粥样硬化斑块中15.8%(9/57)的斑块消除,47.4%(27/57)的斑块减轻,29.8%(17/57)的斑块不发展,总有效率为93%(53/57);绞股蓝组分别为0%,2.8%(1/36)和47.2%(17/36),总有效率为50%(18/36).脑络通组对斑块的消除、减轻、总有效率及斑块载面积减少方面皆明显优于绞股蓝组(p<0.01或0.05)。脑络通可使增厚的内中膜减薄。在降低血总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、升高血超氧化物歧化酶活性,降低脂过氧化物,降低全血低切粘度、纤维蛋白原、红细胞压积、血小板最大聚集率等方面皆优于绞股蓝组。提示脑络通在调血脂、抗氧化、抗血栓和改善血液流变学等方面均有作用.在临床症状和患者心脏舒缩功能的改善方面亦优于绞股蓝组.本药长期服用对患者血、尿常规,肝、肾功能无异常影响,未见明显毒副反应.说明脑络通治疗动脉粥样硬化性疾病方面疗效优于绞股蓝总皂甙,脑络通可能阻止患者动脉粥样硬化病变的发展,甚至可能使动脉粥样硬化斑块消除。     

Amplicon Resequencing Identified Parental Mosaicism for Approximately 10% of “de novo” SCN1A Mutations in Children with Dravet Syndrome

The majority of children with Dravet syndrome (DS) are caused by de novo SCN1A mutations. To investigate the origin of the mutations, we developed and applied a new method that combined deep amplicon resequencing with a Bayesian model to detect and quantify allelic fractions with improved sensitivity. Of 174 SCN1A mutations in DS probands which were considered “de novo” by Sanger sequencing, we identified 15 cases (8.6%) of parental mosaicism. We identified another five cases of parental mosaicism that were also detectable by Sanger sequencing. Fraction of mutant alleles in the 20 cases of parental mosaicism ranged from 1.1% to 32.6%. Thirteen (65% of 20) mutations originated paternally and seven (35% of 20) maternally. Twelve (60% of 20) mosaic parents did not have any epileptic symptoms. Their mutant allelic fractions were significantly lower than those in mosaic parents with epileptic symptoms (P = 0.016). We identified mosaicism with varied allelic fractions in blood, saliva, urine, hair follicle, oral epithelium, and semen, demonstrating that postzygotic mutations could affect multiple somatic cells as well as germ cells. Our results suggest that more sensitive tools for detecting low‐level mosaicism in parents of families with seemingly “de novo” mutations will allow for better informed genetic counseling.     

Influence of red palm oil on the physicochemical and sensory qualities of flavouring oil gravy for instant noodles

The nutrition and flavour of instant noodles is largely attributed to added flavouring oil gravy. Herein, we evaluated the influence of red palm oil (RPO) on the physicochemical properties and sensory qualities by comparing palm oils and commercial oils and fats. The induction time for RPO (10.20 h) was higher than that for 5° (7.20 h) and 8° (8.40 h) palm oils. The RPO carotenoid, β-carotene and vitamin E content was 563.50, 520.00, and 364.00 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. The carotenoid content of red sauce with RPO (RPR) and spicy sauce with RPO (SPR) gravies was 450.00 and 451.20 mg kg⁻¹, respectively, far higher than those without RPO. The induction times of RPR and SPR were highest (16.65 h and 15.48 h). The peroxide value (POV) and polar compound (PC) content of pilot gravies were 0.06–0.10 g 100 g⁻¹ and 11.00–15.00%, respectively. Principal component analysis of electronic tongue results revealed that gravies containing RPO displayed higher repeatability, demonstrating the reliability of the method for detecting RPO.

The nutrition and flavour of instant noodles is largely attributed to added flavouring oil gravy.     

国内外超说明书用药的现状及其启示

通过介绍目前国内外超说明书用药情况和特点,分析超说明书用药的管理现状及对未来的思考,为合理管理超说明书用药提供有价值的借鉴和参考.     

中医药治疗痛风的研究进展

痛风是嘌呤代谢异常致使尿酸合成增加而导致的代谢性疾病,西药如秋水仙碱等用于痛风的治疗临床疗效确实可靠,但伴有一定的副作用而使其使用受到了限制,中药和天然药物用于治疗痛风具有疗效确切,安全,不良反应小等优势。笔者通过查阅近年来国内外的有关文献,重点从单方和经方、经验方等方面阐述中医药治疗痛风的研究进展,以期为抗痛风新药的开发提供科学依据。     

APL2008方案治疗43例儿童急性早幼粒细胞性白血病的临床分析

目的：评价采用的APL2008方案治疗儿童急性早幼粒细胞白血病（APL）的治疗现状及预后。方法对2008～2014年新诊43例A PL患儿临床资料进行回顾性分析,对进入A PL2008方案治疗的28例患儿进行疗效统计,总结治疗方案和现状。结果本组患儿中位年龄8岁4个月,男28例,女15例,以感染、贫血、出血、发热伴肝脾淋巴结肿大为主要临床表现。标、中、高危组所占比例分别为27．9％、48．8％和23．3％。11例诊断弥散性血管内凝血（DIC ）。骨髓形态学检查以早幼粒细胞（PMC）异常升高为主。37例患儿免疫分型共同特征表现为CD33、CD117、MPO高表达。43例进行 PML／RARα融合基因检测,阳性率100％,同时进行细胞遗传学分析37例阳性,其中t （15;17）（q22;q11．2）经典遗传学异常28例,有9例少见核型。43例患者中,早期死亡4例,都死于颅内出血,11例早期放弃,28例可进行疗效分析A PL患儿中,死亡2例,复发2例,失访1例。血液学缓解（HCR）率为96．4％,4年总生存（OS）率和无事件生存（EFS）率分别为（85．9±7．6）％和（80．4±8．8）％,去除不规范治疗患儿,2年OS和EFS率分别为（94．7±5．1）％和（88．9±7．4）％。结论 APL的临床表现以贫血、出血、发热伴浸润为主要特征。APL的PML／RARa融合基因与形态学诊断、免疫分型及染色体符合率分别为95．3％、90．2％和86．5％。APL2008方案治疗儿童A PL预后较好。