高龄多器官功能衰竭患者甲状腺功能的变化

1临床资料2003-10/2004-12住院老年多器官功能衰竭患者46例,全部为男性,年龄(79±5)岁.2个器官功能衰竭为A组15例,年龄(77±6)岁;3个以上器官功能衰竭为B组20例,年龄(79±7)岁;死亡为C组11例,年龄(78±4)岁;无重要脏器功能衰竭的老年患者20例为对照组,年龄(78±6)岁,全部为男性.以上受试对象均无甲状腺疾病病史,未用影响甲状腺功能的药物.清晨空腹安静状态下抽取静脉血2mL用放免法测定TT3,TT4,FT3,FT4及TSH,药盒由天津DPC公司提供.ABC3组TT3(nmol/L)和FT3(pmol/L)水平均减低,C组减低最明显,分别为1.7±0.4和3.9±0.9,1.3±0.4和…     

木犀草素的半合成

目的：半合成具有止咳,祛痰及消炎作用的木犀草素。方法：从陈皮中提取橙皮苷,橙皮苷再经水解,脱甲基,脱氢三步合成木犀草素。结果：三步总收率为４５．９％,同时还以产好收率合成了双氢黄酮化合物：橙皮素２和圣草酚３。结论：该工艺原料易得,工艺简单,收率高。     

Invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b infections in children hospitalized in Hong Kong, 1986–1990

A 5-year territory-wide retrospective survey of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b diseases was conducted in Hong Kong. Between 1986 and 1990, 57 cases (28 male) were recorded in children less than 12 years old (37 cases of meningitis, 9 of septicaemia and 11 of bacteraemic pneumonia). The annual incidence for children less than 5 years old was 2.7 per 10⁵ (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0–3.5). Of the 57 cases, 39 were Chinese and 18 non-Chinese (7 Vietnamese refugees, 6 Caucasians, 5 others). The annual incidence in Vietnamese refugees less than 5 years old was 42.7 per 10⁵ (95% CI 17.2–87.9), giving a relative risk of 18.5 (95% CI 8.3–41.0). Chinese patients (68%) were under-represented as Chinese accounted for at least 94% of the population. Moreover, 14 of the 39 Chinese patients had pre-existing medical problems, compared with only 1 of the 18 non-Chinese patients (p = 0.022).     

Secular trends in monitors of reproductive hazard

There is concern that our reproductive systems are exposed to environmental hazards. A number of potential monitors of these hazards have been proposed (reported rates of cryptorchidism, testicular cancer, hypospadias, dizygotic twinning, sperm count, ectopic pregnancy and sex ratios). To discover whether these are monitoring the same hazards, secular movements in these measures are considered here. It is suggested that the secular movements of cryptorchidism and hypospadias are insufficiently reliable to give guidance on the movements of such hazards as cause them. With one possible exception, rates have not moved in parallel and so, in general, they are not monitoring the same hazards. The exception is dizygotic twinning rates and sperm counts which may have a lagged correlation. If this is true, it may be important and throw light on the hitherto unexplained movements of both. The hazards themselves are largely unidentified, but may be presumed to include: (i) the well-publicized rise in environmental oestrogens; (ii) an increasing number of women with suboptimal oestrogens (because of dieting and arduous exercise); and (iii) hormonal consequences of these two opposing trends, e.g. an increasing number of women with suboptimal androgens (possibly accounting for the increasing rates of cryptorchidism and testicular cancer).      

阿司匹林和塞莱昔布对幽门螺杆菌的体外影响

目的:探讨阿斯匹林和选择性COX-2抑制剂塞莱昔布对体外培养的幽门螺杆菌(H pylori)生长、毒力因子及外膜蛋白的影响．方法:不同浓度的阿司匹林及塞莱昔布与H pylori共同培养,以活菌计数、分光光度计法检测H pylori的生长状态,分光光度计检测A 560nm值判断尿素酶活性,Hela细胞空泡变性实验和中性红吸收试验检测空泡毒素的活性,以SDS-PAGE电泳检测H pylori外膜蛋白的变化．结果:阿司匹林及塞莱昔布可以抑制H pylori的生长,此过程为剂量依赖性效应．阿司匹林0．5 mmol／L及塞莱昔布0．01 mmol／L时与DMSO对照相比H pylori24 h和48 h的菌落计数开始降低,随着两药剂量的加大菌落计数降低得更加明显,阿司匹林2．0 mmol/L和塞莱昔布0．04 mmol／L时H pylori被完全杀灭．阿司匹林及塞莱昔布可剂量依赖性的抑制H pylori的尿素酶活性及空泡毒素的活性．在对H pylori外膜蛋白的研究中发现,NSAIDs可能对H pylori的某种外膜蛋白表达有影响．结论:阿司匹林和塞莱昔布可抑制H pylori的生长、毒力因子的活性,并可能改变H pylori外膜蛋白的表达．     

Influence of lead on the cariostatic effect of fluoride co-crystallized with sucrose in desalivated rats

OBJECTIVE: Results from previous studies have shown that pre- and perinatal exposure to lead enhances susceptibility of rats to development of dental carieS. A possible explanation for this phenomenon may be that lead complexes with fluoride and renders F insoluble and unable to exert its cariostatic effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thus, to explore this hypothesis, 48 desalivated Sprague-Dawley rats were placed in a König-Höfer programmed feeder and received 17 meals of powdered sucrose daily, and water ad libitum as follows: group (1) plain sucrose and sterile distilled water (SDW); (2) sucrose containing 15 ppm F and SDW; (3) sucrose containing 15 ppm F and 10 ppm Pb water; (4) sucrose containing 15 ppm F and 25 ppm Pb water. RESULTS: The highest smooth-surface, sulcal surface caries and severity scores were observed in group 1.Animals that were exposed to fluoride showed reduced smooth-surface caries and severity scores.S. sobrinus counts did not differ among the groups. CONCLUSION: Lead did not interfere with the protective effect of fluoride in the conditions of the present study.     

CSF rhinorrhea: detection and localization using overpressure cisternography with Tc-99m-DTPA

We performed 32 overpressure radionuclide cisternography (ORNC) studies to examine 26 patients who were clinically suspected of having cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula with rhinorrhea. Fifteen (47%) of these cisternography studies were positive, and the site of the leak was identified. No leak could be demonstrated in the other 17. Of 23 examinations performed in patients who had clinically documented CSF rhinorrhea, 15 (65%) were scintigraphically positive. The rapid cephalad transit of the radionuclide bolus allowed completion of the study within 30 to 45 minutes. Seven examinations were also performed with overpressure metrizamide CT cisternography (OMCTC), and five demonstrated concordant results with the radionuclide study. Patient discomfort and side effects were minimal. We conclude that radionuclide infusion cisternography is a safe, rapid, and accurate method of investigating a suspected or proven CSF rhinorrhea and that it is complementary to metrizamide cisternography.     

In-bath filming during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is now the preferred method for treating most renal calculi. We designed a cassette and grid holder and a technique for filming in the water bath. The excellent film quality permits initial localization of small or faint calculi and confirmation of satisfactory fragmentation during ESWL. The technique facilitates patient treatment and throughput and should reduce the repeat treatment rate.     

Protocol for the Smoking, Nicotine and Pregnancy (SNAP) trial: double-blind, placebo-randomised, controlled trial of nicotine replacement therapy in pregnancy

Background  

Smoking in pregnancy remains a public health challenge. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is effective for smoking cessation in non-pregnant people, but because women metabolise nicotine and cotinine much faster in pregnancy, it is unclear whether this will be effective for smoking cessation in pregnancy. The NHS Health Technology Assessment Programme (HTA)-funded smoking, nicotine and pregnancy (SNAP) trial will investigate whether or not nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is effective, cost-effective and safe when used for smoking cessation by pregnant women.