A preliminary study of the relationship between antibiotic administration and changes in bacteriological profile of wound infection in a burn unit

Objective:To investigate the relationship between antibiotic administration and the changes in bacteriological profile in a burn unit. Methods: The data of consumption of different kinds of antibiotics, including total antibiotic consumption [expressed as the number of defined daily doses (DDD)] as well as pathogen identification, were collected in a 8-year period. The constituent ratios of different kinds of antibiotics in total antibiotic consumption to isolation rates of various species of bacteria were calculated, and their correlation was analyzed. Results: Within this period, it was found that the aminoglycosides and first generation cephalosporins were used less frequently, while the polypeptides, carbopenem and macrolides were used proportionally more. At the same time, the isolation rates of Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter sp, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were gradually increased. The constituent ratios of predominant pathogens were correlated to the different kinds of antibiotics consumption in the burn unit. Conclusion: The results suggested that the consumption of different antibiotics was closely related to the trends of emergence of bacterial isolates from infected burn wounds. The result might imply that to regulate the administration of certain antibiotics might help decrease the emergence of certain pathogenic bacteria in burn infections.     

低角度青少年特发性脊柱侧凸女性患者的骨密度分析

目的分析低角度青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)女性患者的骨密度(BMD)和骨矿含量(BMC),探讨其与年龄、生长发育、人体测量学和侧凸角度等的相关性。方法研究对象为218例Cobb角15～40°的女性AIS患者。运用双能X线骨密度吸收仪测定非优势侧股骨颈和腰椎的BMC/BMD。探讨这两个部位的BMC/BMD与患者的年龄、生长发育、人体测量学和侧凸角度等的相关性。结果所有患者的年龄平均为(13.4±1.4)岁,Cobb角平均为(28.3±6.2)°。股骨颈BMD平均为(0.827±0.103)g/cm2,腰椎BMD平均为(0.887±0.124)g/cm2,显著低于同龄健康女性儿童;股骨颈BMC平均为(3.49±0.56)g,腰椎BMC平均为(29.78±7.37)g。患者的BMC/BMD与Cobb角无显著相关,而与体重、身高、Risser征、月经状况、BMI和年龄显著相关。逐步回归分析显示,体重和年龄是影响患者BMD的主要因素。结论低角度女性AIS患者存在全身性的骨量减低,且与Cobb角无显著相关,而与生长发育和人体测量学相关指标显著相关。这提示AIS患者的骨量减低与生长发育和低体重有关。     

脱细胞尿道及其海绵体基质制备的实验研究

目的 探索脱细胞尿道及其海绵体基质的制备方法。方法取健康壮年兔完整尿道及其海绵体组织，以Triton-X100与NH3H2O联合提取法进行脱细胞处理。标本做HE染色，组织学观察分析脱细胞效果。结果脱细胞处理11天后，成功获得脱细胞及其海绵体基质，所得基质外观良好。HE染色观察无细胞存在。弹力纤维排列规整，间隙较大，结构无破坏。结论利用Triton-X100与NH3H2O联合提取法可成功制备完整无细胞尿道及其海绵体基质，为尿道再造修复提供崭新思路。     

人脑桥内部的动脉供应和毛细血管构筑

采用血管灌注和透明切片,在立体解剖显微镜下对30例脑桥内部动脉的分群,经行分支和供应范围进行了观察。并应用图像分析系统测算了脑桥内部主要神经核团和纤维束的毛细血管密度。脑桥内部前正中群有三组长动脉,分别由脚间窝下端,基底沟中部和盲孔处穿入,这些动脉在向脑桥被盖部经行和分布的过程中,可形成多级直角分支,使之呈“垂柳状”外观。脑桥内部的毛细血管构筑,在透明切片上,可显示出神经结构的轮廓。其中上橄榄核的毛细血管密度最高,小脑上脚的毛细血管密度最低。     

THE PHENOTYPE OF MAST CELL IN PRIMARY ADENOID LIVER TUMOR OF RAT AND ITS RELATION TO TUMOR CELL

Mast cells in adenoid liver tumors of 32 rats induced with nitrosomorpholine were observed ultrastructurally, and among them, some were studied immunocytochemically via immunogold techniques. Data indicating that mast cells which located in tumor tissues presented positive expression of rat mast cell protein (RMCP) Ⅰ, Indicating origination from the mucosa mast cells, while those in the connective tissues around tumors were largely stained negatively with either RMCP Ⅰor RMCP Ⅰ antisera, with the exception of only a few cells showing positive RMCP Ⅰ staining. Ultrastructural observation showed that mast cells in tumon contacted closely with the tumor cells. Membranes of the intracytoplasmic granules in these mast cells were fusing together. The content inside the granules were discharged and spread along the intercellular space between the tumor cells. There was not any lesion observed uitrasructrually in the tumor cells contacting with the mast cells. The significance of mucosa mast cells in adenoi     

Ketanserin降低清醒自发性高血压大鼠血压波动性的机理初探

应用计算机化清醒大鼠血流动力学测定技术，观察５－ＨＴ２受体阻滞剂Ｒｉｔａｎｓｅｒｉｎ（Ｒｉｔ）和α１受体阻滞剂哌唑嗪对清醒自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）的血压、血压波动性（ＢＰＶ）和动脉压力感受性反射血压控制部分（ＡＢＲ－ＢＰ）的效应，旨在初步探讨兼具５－ＨＴ２受体和α１受体阻滞作用地新型抗高血压药Ｋｅｔａｎｓｅｒｉｎ降低ＢＰＶ的机制。结果表明：Ｒｉｔ对ＳＨＲ无降压作用，但侧脑室给药明显提高ＡＢＲ－Ｂ     

四君子汤对烧伤豚鼠早期代谢营养的影响

为探讨四君子汤对烧伤早期代谢营养的作用，采用３０％Ⅲ度烧伤豚鼠胃造口模型将４００ｇ左右豚鼠分别在喂养等量热卡、氮和自由进食两种膳食条件下，将３１只豚鼠分为四组，即喂养治疗组（ｎ＝７），喂养对照组（ｎ＝４），自食治疗组（ｎ＝９），自食对照组（ｎ＝１１）予以观察。结果发现：自由进食时，四君子汤能增加摄食量，减轻伤后体重丢失，改善氮平衡，增加肝、回肠粘膜含氮量，而躯壳重及腓肠肌含氮量增加不明显，但静息代谢率则增加；等量喂养时，四君子汤治疗组体重、躯壳重及腓肠肌含氮量显著低于对照组，而肝、肠粘膜重量及含氮量差异无显著意义。此外，四君子汤还可调整激素和内脏组织含水量。因此，我们认为四君子汤对改善烧伤后代谢营养及脏器功能可能是有益的     

辐照氟银猪皮的实验研究

报道辐照氟银猪皮的制备、实验检测（弹性、创面粘附力和透水性测定，含银量测定）组织学检查细菌检测及抑菌试验研究，结果表明：辐照氟银猪皮除延伸度低于未辐照猪皮外，其撕裂强度、创面粘合力和透水性均与未辐照猪皮相似。组织学检查示：辐照氟银猪皮组织结构完整，表皮细胞部分空泡形成。组织细菌检测证明其无菌生长，达到无菌要求。抑菌试验证明对金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、大肠杆菌、变形杆菌、克雷伯氏菌均有极强的抑菌作用     

结核分枝杆菌Ag85B/GST融合蛋白表达载体构建及在大肠杆菌中的表达

目的 构建结核分枝杆菌Ag85B／GSF融合蛋白表达质粒，并在大肠杆菌(E．coli)中诱导表达。方法 以质粒pUC18／Ag85B为模板，用PCR法扩增结核杆菌Ag85B基因，扩增的Ag85B上游含有EcoR Ⅰ酶切位点，下游含有SalⅠ酶切位点；将Ag85B基因定向插入质粒pGEX-4T-1中，构建原核表达质粒pGEX-Ag85B并转化E．coli B121，筛选阳性重组子，限制性内切酶切鉴定和DNA序列测定，异丙基硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达，SDS-PAGE和Westem blot鉴定结果。结果 成功构建原核表达质粒pGEX-Ag85B并表达出Mr约56000大小的Ag85B／GSY融合蛋白，表达量占总菌体的30％。结论 为进一步进行纯化Ag85B蛋白和研究其在膀胱肿瘤治疗中的作用奠定了基础。     

雅施达协助心房颤动复律的临床观察

目的 观察雅施达改善胺碘酮对持续性心房颤动的转律效果.方法 持续性心房颤动病人78例,口服胺碘酮0.6 g/d,疗程2周.随机分为2组,即雅施达组和非雅施达组,观察转律成功率和转律成功所需时间.结果 雅施达组胺碘酮转律成功率70.5%(24/34),显著高于非雅施达组42.1%(16/38,P＜0.05);雅施达组转律平均时间为(9.1±0.35)d,显著少于非雅施达组(11.7±0.47)d(P＜0.01).结论 对持续性心房颤动病人进行胺碘酮转律治疗,加用雅施达可提高转律成功率,缩短转律所需时间.