流产、死胎患者男性因素初步分析

目的 分析探讨流产、死胎的男性因素.方法 利用精液常规分析、染色体核型分析、PCR技术和吖啶橙荧光染色方法,对102例不明原因自然流产1～3次或因死胎而人工流产患者的丈夫以及作为对照组的100例正常生育男性进行研究.结果 流产、死胎组精子密度、精子活率、精子(a+b)级活力和正常形态精子平均数低于正常生育对照组,有显著统计学差异(P＜0.001):流产、死胎组染色体核型异常率、Y染色体微缺失率和精子DNA完整率与正常对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 染色体核型异常、Y染色体微缺失和精子DNA损伤可能是导致流产、死胎原因.     

Optimizing the sequence of combination therapy with radiolabeled antibodies and fractionated external beam.

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum sequence for combined modality therapy with radiolabeled antibodies and fractionated external beam radiation. METHODS: The uptake and distribution of a nontherapeutic activity of 125I-labeled tumor-associated A33 monoclonal antibody was determined in SW1222 human colon carcinoma xenografts in nude mice for 4 study groups: group 1, radiolabeled antibody alone; group 2, radiolabeled antibody administered (day 0) immediately before the first of 5 daily fractions of 2-Gy, 320-kilovolt peak x-rays; group 3, radiolabeled antibody administered after the fifth radiation fraction (day 5); and group 4, radiolabeled antibody administered 5 d after irradiation (day 10). Tumors were excised 5 d after antibody administration. Tumors were frozen and sectioned for histology and phosphor plate autoradiography. The percentage of A33 antigen-expressing cells was estimated by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: The average tumor uptake values relative to control group 1 were 1.47 (group 2), 0.78 (group 3), and 0.21 (group 4), which illustrates that tumor uptake is increased by almost 50% when the antibody is present in the blood at the start of irradiation. Five days into a fractionated irradiation protocol, antibody uptake was reduced, falling more significantly on day 10. Phosphor plate autoradiographs showed decreased uptake uniformity for groups 3 and 4. Immunohistochemical data showed a reduction in A33 antigen-positive cells from 85%, 64%, 50%, to 41% for groups 1-4, respectively. CONCLUSION: Maximum radiolabeled antibody tumor uptake was achieved when the antibody was administered just before radiation therapy. This might be explained by a transient increase in capillary leakage to macromolecules, followed by a reduction at later times, possibly the result of capillary damage and occlusion.     

复杂肱骨近端骨折的手术治疗策略及疗效分析

目的 探讨复杂型的肱骨近端骨折在临床外科治疗中的适应证,并分析临床治疗效果.方法 2002年6月～2008年6月,治疗肱骨近端骨折22例,其中男14例,女8例;年龄21～75岁,平均49岁.其中12例选择肱骨近端锁定解剖钢板内固定,其余10例行肩关节置换术.术后3周内颈腕带悬吊,常规进行肩关节功能锻炼.术后6周、半年复查肩关节X线片.结果 22例均获随访,时间7～28个月(平均20个月),无骨折不愈合、钢板松动、感染等并发症.患者分别按Neer、Constant、oxford等肩关节功能评分标准评估.本组病例疗效满意、功能恢复好,随访肩关节活动度、疼痛可视性评分等,均未见显著性差异.结论 复杂的肱骨近端骨折外科治疗是首选,但具体选择肱骨近端解剖钢板还是关节置换,需要结合患者的年龄、骨量以及全身状况合理评估.对复杂肱骨近端骨折患者,与其先行切开复位内固定待其发展到肩关节炎的终末期再行肩关节置换,不如一期进行肩关节置换,让患者尽快重获无痛又能活动的肩关节,改善生活质量.     

L—精氨酸对慢性间断性缺氧大白鼠肺循环和体循环的影响

目的：本研究通过大鼠在慢性间断性缺氧状态下，持续给予Ｌ－精氨酸灌饲，动态观察其以大鼠肺循环和体循环的影响；方法：将大鼠随机分为三组；单纯缺氧组、缺氧给药组与正常组。用微导管插管分别各组大鼠的肺动脉与体循环的收缩压和舒张压；结果：单纯缺氧组一缺呀 的肺动脉压 高于正常     

不同方法治疗胫骨干骨折疗效分析

目的 探讨适合胫骨干骨折的手术治疗方法及并发症的预防措施。方法 回顾性分析手术治疗胫骨干骨折患者67例，根据选择手术方式不同，将患者分为交锁髓内钉、加压钢板组和外固定支架3组，临床观察结合x线片评价骨折愈合、延迟愈合、不愈合作为判断临床疗效标准。结果 髓内钉组的骨折愈合率明显高于加压钢板组和外固定支架组，外固定组的骨折延迟愈合率高于其他两组；并发症包括骨不连、关节僵硬及畸形愈合，发生率为22.4％，其中骨不连发生率为13.4％。结论 髓内钉内固定治疗胫骨干骨折的临床疗效优于加压钢板和外固定支架；骨不连为胫骨骨折常见并发症，应严格掌握手术适应证、规范手术操作。     

可降解壳聚糖血管外周支持与静脉移植物早期结构的变化

目的　探讨可降解壳聚糖血管外周支持 (CES)对静脉移植物 (VG)早期结构变化的影响 ,为临床提高VG通畅率提供新的治疗方法。　方法　将兔右颈内静脉端 端吻合于同侧颈总动脉建立静脉移植模型 ,以有无CES干预分为支架组与无支架组 (每组 2 4只兔 )。术后 1、2、4周分别切除移植静脉 ,计算机图像分析系统测量和计算内膜、中膜厚度和面积 ,免疫组织化学法检测增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)指数观察平滑肌细胞增殖程度。　结果　CES在术后 2周开始降解。支架组VG ,术后 1～ 2周内膜、中膜的厚度和面积、PCNA指数在术后 1周轻度增加 ,1～ 2周维持稳定 ,术后 2周分别为(2 6 3± 3 7) μm、(2 6 0± 1 9) μm、(0 5 6± 0 0 8)mm2 、(0 34± 0 0 5 )mm2 与 (11 5± 2 1) % ,明显低于无支架组的 (5 6 4± 9 4 ) μm、(47 6± 4 9) μm、(1 17± 0 0 8)mm2 、(1 2 0± 0 4 3)mm2 与 (36 6± 2 9) % (P <0 0 1) ;术后 4周虽然又增加 ,分别为 (31 7± 1 6 ) μm、(31 7± 1 6 ) μm、(0 72± 0 12 )mm2 、(0 4 2± 0 0 6 )mm2 与 (13 4± 1 2 ) % ,但仍低于无支架组的 (76 8± 8 0 ) μm、(5 7 4± 9 5 ) μm、(1 2 7± 0 17)mm2 、(1 2 7± 0 0 9)mm2 与 (16 8± 2 2 ) % (P <0 0 5 )。结论　CES     

双胎输血综合征宫内治疗后供血胎和受血胎预后的比较

[目的]评价双胎输血综合征(TTTS)经不同治疗方式,包括羊水减量术(SA)、双极脐带电凝减胎术(BCC)和胎盘吻合血管激光凝固术(LCPV)后,供血胎和受血胎的临床结局.[方法]回顾性分析2008年1月至2013年12月在我院诊断治疗的双胎输血综合征93例,追踪妊娠结局和新生儿情况,分析比较供血胎和受血胎的临床结局.[结果]不同治疗方式组中严重的TTTS(TTTSⅢ期及以上)所占比例分别是:羊水减量术组50.0％(27/54),脐带电凝减胎术组93.9％(31/33),胎盘吻合血管激光凝固术组83.3％(5/6),P＜0.001,因此,3种治疗方式妊娠结局比较时仅纳入TTTSⅢ期及以上病例.SA组、BCC组和LCPV组双胎总体存活率分别是53.7％、24.2％和60.0％,P=0.002.SA组、BCC组和LCPV组分娩孕周中位数分别是31e(20+3～38+2)、28+5(20+2～38+6)和27+6((23+3～37+4)周,其差异无统计学意义(P=0.204).SA组胎膜早破的发生率是29.6％而BCC组和LCPV组胎膜早破的发生率分别是32.3％和60.0％,P=0.410.LCPV组28周前分娩的比例较SA组和BCC组高(分别是60.0％、18.5％和48.4％;P=0.033).TTTS双胎中受血胎存活率是44.1％(41/93)而供血胎存活率是46.2％(43/93),P=0.768;受血胎神经系统发育迟缓发生率是2.4％(1/41)而供血胎神经系统发育迟缓发生率是11.6％(5/43),其差异无统计学意义(P=0.202).[结论]胎盘吻合血管激光凝固术可提高TTTS的总体存活率;TTTS受血胎和供血胎的预后无明显差异.     

皮层体感诱发电位在脊柱脊髓疾患诊治中的应用

目的：评价皮层体感诱发电位（CSEP）在脊柱脊髓疾患诊治中的临床应用价值。方法：120例患者用Frankel分级判断脊髓功能，行CSEP术前检查，术中监护以及术后疗效评估，并分析应用不同标准的监测结果。结果：（1）CSEPⅠ型表现者全部为FrankelA级；Ⅱ型主要为B，C级，Ⅲ型主要为,C,D，Ⅳ型主要为D，E级。（2）Ⅰ-Ⅳ型CSEP表现者疗效分别为0,54.2%,82.8%,84.2%;(3)行椎体肿瘤切除，椎管内肿瘤切除，脊柱侧凸凹侧撑开及颈椎后路“单开门”时最易引发CSEP变化。（4）应用不同标准行术中监测灵敏度均为100％，特异度分别为85．6％，93．3％，误诊率分别为14．4％，6．7％，漏诊率均为0。结论：CSEP与Franke分级，临床疗效有良好的相关性；CSEP灵敏度高，可及时反映出脊髓功能的变化，提高脊髓手术的安全性；CSEP术中监测标准具有一定弹性，常因病情，体位及操作不同而变化。     

The sinusoidal pressure during ischemia-reperfusion injury in perfused mouse liver pretreated with or without L-NAME

BACKGROUND: Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is accompanied by liver weight gain and ascites formation possibly caused by an increase in the sinusoidal pressure, a determinant of hepatic transvascular fluid movement. However, changes in the sinusoidal pressure during hepatic I/R in mice are not known. It is also controversial whether nitric oxide (NO) exerts a beneficial or detrimental effect on hepatic I/R injury. We determined the changes in hepatic sinusoidal pressure and liver weight, and the effect of a NO synthase inhibitor, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) on I/R injury of isolated mouse liver. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Isolated liver from 20 male outbred ddY mice was perfused portally with diluted blood (Hct 3%). After pretreatment with L-NAME (100 microm) or D-NAME (100 microm), ischemia was induced at room temperature by occlusion of the inflow line of the portal vein for 1 h followed by 1-h reperfusion in a recirculating manner. The sinusoidal pressure was assessed by the double vascular occlusion pressure (Pdo), and pre- and postsinusoidal resistance was determined. Liver injury was assessed by blood levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT). RESULTS: In the d-NAME group (n=7), immediately after reperfusion, the portal pressure increased by 2.8 +/- 0.1 (SE) mmHg, which was accompanied by an increase in Pdo of 1.5 +/- 0.1 mmHg, indicating increases in pre- and postsinusoidal resistance to a similar degree. Then, presinusoidal, but not postsinusoidal, resistance sustained increased until 60 min after reperfusion. Liver weight increased to 0.14 +/- 0.04 g/g liver after reperfusion, followed by a gradual return to baseline. Blood ALT levels increased at 60 min after reperfusion. There were no significant differences in changes in the variables between the D- and L-NAME (n=7) groups. In the time-matched non- I/R control group (n=6), no changes in variables were observed for 2 h. CONCLUSIONS: Mouse hepatic I/R causes marginal liver weight gain associated with a small and transient increase in the sinusoidal pressure, and nitric oxide does not play any significant roles in this injury.     

突出的腰椎间盘与神经根粘连的原因分析及处理措施

目的探讨腰椎间盘突出症术中神经根粘连的原因及处理措施。方法回顾性分析2002年12月～2008年12月,经手术治疗证实的突出椎间盘组织与神经粘连的腰椎间盘突出症85例90个间隙。单间隙80例,双间隙5例,其中行椎间盘镜下髓核摘除术5例,椎板开窗髓核摘除术30例,半椎板切除髓核摘除30例,全椎板切除髓核摘除20例;其中30例同时行植骨融合内固定术。结果腰椎间盘突出钙化30例(35.3%);腰椎间盘突出破裂25例(29.4%);椎间盘软骨板破裂症10例(11.8%);腰椎间盘突出复发5例(5.9%);一般腰椎间盘突出症15例(17.6%)。其中既往行过椎管内封闭或行经皮溶核术的5例;合并椎间隙狭窄30例;合并腰椎不稳15例。患者随访1～6年,平均2.5年,2例术后残留麻木,2例足下垂,1例术后椎间隙感染,经非手术治疗痊愈。3例术中有硬膜撕裂,1例行修补术,术后无脑脊液漏,融合内固定患者无内固定松动及断裂,融合率86.3%。按Nakai疗效评定标准:优67例,良10例,可5例,差3例,优良率90.6%。结论腰椎间盘突出症患者突出椎间盘与神经根粘连常见的原因为:腰椎间盘突出破裂、腰椎间盘突出钙化、腰椎间盘突出复发及椎间盘突出合并腰椎不稳和腰椎间盘突出既往行过椎管内注射治疗者。充分的显露、彻底松解粘连、髓核摘除及合理选择内固定可获得满意的疗效。