Label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for detection of colorectal cancer and precursor lesions using blood plasma

Fecal based tests have limited diagnostic values in detecting adenomatous polyps, the precursor lesions to colorectal cancer (CRC). Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) using silver nanoparticles as substrate is a multiplexed analytical technique capable of detecting biomolecules with high sensitivity. This study utilizes SERS to analyze blood plasma for detecting both CRC and adenomatous polyps for the first time. Blood plasma samples are collected from healthy control subjects and patients diagnosed with adenomas and CRC. Using a real-time Raman system, SERS spectra for blood plasma samples are measured in 1 s. The collected SERS spectra are analyzed with partial least squares-discriminant analysis. Classification of normal versus CRC plus adenomatous polyps achieved diagnostic sensitivity of 86.4% and specificity of 80%. The results suggest that blood plasma SERS analysis could be a potential screening test to detect both CRC and adenomas.OCIS codes: (240.6695) Surface-enhanced Raman scattering, (170.1470) Blood or tissue constituent monitoring, (170.5660) Raman spectroscopy, (170.4580) Optical diagnostics for medicine     

肝癌和癌旁组织中核仁组成区嗜银蛋白表达的研究

核仁组成区(NORs)是细胞核中的DNA环,与核仁的形成及变化密切相关,硝酸银染色能特异地显示细胞核内含有rRNA基因的NORs。我们应用该技术观察45例肝癌及癌旁组织中AgNORs表达特征,发现AgNORs之基本形态为团块、颗粒和混合三型;正常、癌旁和肝癌组织的AgNORs数分别为1.88±0.22、3.58±0.78和7.92±3.01,依次递增明显,差别显著,其形态和分布亦异化悬殊;AgNORs计数和形态与HCC分化程度呈正相关,与HBV感染(80％的癌旁组织为HBV肝炎后肝硬化)之间的关系未能确定。Ag-NORs检测实用性强,值得进一步研究和应用。     

The reliability of evaluation of hip muscle strength in rehabilitation robot walking training

[Purpose] The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the intraclass correlation coefficient in obtaining the torque of the hip muscle strength during a robot-assisted rehabilitation treatment. [Subjects] Twenty-four patients (15 males, 9 females) with spinal cord injury participated in the study. [Methods] The subjects were asked to walk during robot-assisted rehabilitation, and the torque of the muscle strength which was measured at hip joint flexion angles of −15, −10, −5, 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 degrees. [Results] The intraclass correlation coefficient of the torque of the hip muscle strength measured by the rehabilitation training robot was excellent. [Conclusion] Our results show that measurement of torque can be used as an objective assessment of treatment with RAT.Key words: Hip muscle strength, Robot-assisted rehabilitation     

家庭干预在新生儿窒息伴急性呼吸窘迫综合征复苏后的应用价值

目的 探讨家庭干预在新生儿窒息伴急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)复苏后的应用价值.方法 将80例新生儿窒息伴ARDS患儿随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组40例.2组均给予机械通气结合肺表面活性物质(PS)进行复苏干预,复苏后对照组采用常规日常护理,治疗组在此基础上给予家庭干预.测定干预前后2组呼气流速(PEF)和达峰时间(TPTEF)及干预后6、24、72 h的氧合指数(OI),并观察并发症发生情况.结果 干预后6、24、72 h,组内OI呈明显下降趋势,其中干预后72 h降低最为显著(P＜0.01).干预后,2组PEF均较干预前明显降低,而TPTEF明显升高,其中治疗组降低和升高幅度均显著大于对照组(P＜ 0.05或P＜0.01).治疗组并发症总发生率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 机械通气结合PS治疗后,采用积极的家庭干预有利于新生儿窒息伴ARDS患儿肺功能的改善,减少并发症的发生.     

蛋白饮食量化对腹膜透析患者生活质量的影响

目的:观察不同蛋白饮食含量对腹膜透析(PD)患者生活质量的影响。方法:67例PD患者随机分为低蛋白组、中蛋白组和高蛋白组,实际完成56例,其中低蛋白组17例、中蛋白组20例、高蛋白组19例。各组患者均实施饮食干预,低蛋白组的蛋白质摄入量0.8g/(kg·d),中蛋白组的蛋白质摄入量0.8~0.12g/(kg·d),高蛋白组的蛋白质摄入量0.12g/(kg·d)。连续随访6个月,采用KDQOL-SFTM1.3量表作为调查工具进行随访前后的生活质量调查,并进行统计分析。结果:干预前后各维度评分相比较,中蛋白组和高蛋白组在SF-36评分及其所属的生理健康、心理健康维度,以及KDTA评分及其所属的症状与不适、肾病对日常生活影响、工作状况、睡眠、社会支持、医护人员鼓励、患者满意度、总体健康评估,及量表总评分方面均有显著差异(P0.05)。干预后组间比较,中蛋白组和高蛋白组的SF-36评分及其所属的生理健康维度,以及KDTA评分及其所属的症状与不适、肾病对日常生活影响、工作状况、睡眠、医护人员鼓励、总体健康评估,及量表总评分方面均较低蛋白组有显著改善(P0.05);而中蛋白组除在肾病给生活带来负担维度的改善作用不如高蛋白组外,其余各维度的改善程度与高蛋白组均无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:PD患者每日蛋白摄入量控制在0.8~0.12g/(kg·d)即可维持较高的生活质量,其获益程度与高于0.12g/(kg·d)蛋白摄入量的患者一致。     

MreBCD-associated Cytoskeleton is Required for Proper Segregation of the Chromosomal Terminus during the Division Cycle of Escherichia Coli

Background:

In prokaryotic organisms, the mechanism responsible for the accurate partition of newly replicated chromosomes into daughter cells is incompletely understood. Segregation of the replication terminus of the circular prokaryotic chromosome poses special problems that have not previously been addressed. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of several protein components (MreB, MreC, and MreD) of the prokaryotic cytoskeleton for the faithful transmission of the chromosomal terminus into daughter cells.

Methods:

Strain LQ1 (mreB::cat), LQ2 (mreC::cat), and LQ3 (mreD::cat) were constructed using the Red recombination system. LQ11/pLAU53, LQ12/pLAU53, LQ13/pLAU53, LQ14/pLAU53, and LQ15/pLAU53 strains were generated by P1transduction of (tetO)₂₄₀-Gm and (lacO)₂₄₀-Km cassettes from strains IL2 and IL29. Fluorescence microscopy was performed to observe localization pattern of fluorescently-labeled origin and terminus foci in wild-type and mutant cells. SOS induction was monitored as gfp fluorescence from PsulA-gfp in log phase cells grown in Luria-Bertani medium at 37°C by measurement of emission at 525 nm with excitation at 470 nm in a microplate fluorescence reader.

Results:

Mutational deletion of the mreB, mreC, or mreD genes was associated with selective loss of the terminus region in approximately 40% of the cells within growing cultures. This was accompanied by significant induction of the SOS DNA damage response, suggesting that deletion of terminus sequences may have occurred by chromosomal cleavage, presumably caused by ingrowth of the division septum prior to segregation of the replicated terminal.

Conclusions:

These results imply a role for the MreBCD cytoskeleton in the resolution of the final products of terminus replication and/or in the specific movement of newly replicated termini away from midcell prior to completion of septal ingrowth. This would identify a previously unrecognized stage in the overall process of chromosome segregation.     

Incidence of Pleural Effusion in Patients with Pulmonary Embolism

Background:

No data on the incidence of pleural effusion (PE) in Chinese patients with pulmonary embolism are available to date. The aim of the current study was to investigate the frequency of PE in a Chinese population of patients with pulmonary embolism.

Methods:

This was a retrospective observational single-center study. All data of computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) performed over 6-year period on adult patients with clinically suspected pulmonary embolism were analyzed.

Results:

From January 2008 until December 2013, PE was identified in 423 of 3141 patients (13.5%) with clinically suspected pulmonary embolism who underwent CTPA. The incidence of PE in patients with pulmonary embolism (19.9%) was significantly higher than in those without embolism (9.4%) (P < 0.001). Majority of PEs in pulmonary embolism patients were small to moderate and were unilateral. The locations of emboli and the numbers of arteries involved, CT pulmonary obstruction index, and parenchymal abnormalities at CT were not associated with the development of PE.

Conclusions:

PEs are present in about one fifth of a Chinese population of patients with pulmonary embolism, which are usually small, unilateral, and unsuitable for diagnostic thoracentesis.