高职三年制与五年制护理专业学生生理学考试结果比较研究

目的观察高职护理专业不同学制生理学考试结果的差异。方法采用相同的教学方法、师资、考试形式。结果在试题质量稳定、可靠的情况下,三年制、五年制合格率分别是100%和78%,统计学处理P<0.01,有显著性差异。结论五年制学生成绩不如三年制学生,特别表现在知识综合分析运用能力上。     

右半结肠癌致十二指肠手术缺损带血管蒂全层回肠壁修复术

1986-2002年10月间,经手术治疗37例右半结肠癌侵及十二指肠。其中8例将肿块直接从十二指肠壁上分离,23例将肿块与部分十二指肠壁整块切除。根据十二指肠缺损面积大小,采用直接缝合5例,空肠十二指肠Rous-eny吻合5例,带血管蒂全层回肠片修补13例。不能切除行胃空肠吻合加盲肠造口6例,结果术后死亡7例;3例十二指肠瘘,4例MSOF。结论认为当右半结肠癌侵及十二指肠时,应侧重于手术的彻底性及合理性,缺损面积大的采用全层回肠补片修补。以减少局部癌组织残留及术后复发,取得较好疗效,延长生存期。     

肿瘤坏死因子-α在病毒性心肌炎发病中的作用及意义

目的研究肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)在病毒性心肌炎(VMC)发病中的作用及其临床意义。方法本实验在建立 VMC 动物模型的基础上,用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测 VMC 小鼠血清 TNF-α的变化,同时我们用 TNF-α单克隆抗体(mAb)和重组 TNF-α(rTNF-α)进行干预治疗,比较干预组和对照组小鼠死亡率和心肌病变。结果 VMC 小鼠血清 TNF-α水平明显升高,VMC 心肌炎细胞浸润、坏死与 TNF-α的水平有关。TNF-α干预组小鼠死亡率增加,心肌炎细胞浸润增加,心肌坏死加重;而 TNF-α mAb 干预组小鼠死亡率明显减低,TNF-α mAb 能减轻 VMC 的炎细胞浸润和心肌坏死。结论 TNF-α参与了VMC 的免疫反应和发病机制。这对于 VMC 的治疗有重要的指导意义。     

Diagnosis and management of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis, surgical management, and outcome of patients with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. METHODS: The authors conducted a chart review of all previously unreported cases of surgically confirmed cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea at their institution between September 1996 and February 2005. Acquired cases were excluded from this study. Eleven cases of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea were identified among 10 patients. RESULTS: Nine of the 10 patients presenting with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea were women. Ages ranged from 34 to 79 years. Eight patients presented with serous otitis media, and two women presented with meningitis. High-resolution computed tomography demonstrated a tegmen defect with a sensitivity of 80%. Nine tegmen defects were repaired using a transmastoid approach without recurrence. One patient with a contracted mastoid and a meningoencephalocele herniating from the tegmen tympani into the attic required the temporal craniotomy approach for definitive repair. Another patient with a tegmen tympani defect developed a recurrence of cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea 8 years after a transmastoid repair using only fascia and fibrin glue. A recurrent tegmen defect in this patient was repaired using a transmastoid approach and a multilayered closure technique. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea requires clinical suspicion in the setting of persistent serous otitis media. High-resolution computed tomography can confirm the diagnosis. The authors' findings indicate that repair through a transmastoid approach is effective if the tegmen defect can be widely visualized. The authors advocate a multilayered closure technique.     

A receptor-specific peptide for imaging infection and inflammation

The chemotactic peptide N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), when radiolabelled, continues to be an attractive agent for imaging infection or inflammation. Previously, several analogues of fMLP have been prepared and radiolabelled using a bifunctional chelating agent conjugation procedure that was relatively long and complex. We have prepared a new analogue of fMLP, TP765, by the addition of 4-aminobutyric acid (4-ABA) and a group of four amino acids, Gly-Gly-d-Ala-Gly, to the carboxy terminus (i.e. to the phenylalanine) of fMLP. The adduct -(4-ABA)-Gly-Gly-d-Ala-Gly- serves as a chelating moiety for strong chelation with 99Tcm. The use of a peptide as a chelating moiety greatly simplified the synthetic procedure and rendered the analogue ready for instant chelation with 99Tcm. HPLC analysis revealed that 99Tcm-TP765 was a single chemical entity that retained biological activity and neutrophil specificity. 99Tcm-TP765 was stable when challenged with strong chelating agents in vitro and had rapid but biphasic blood clearance (alphat1/2 = 7 min, betat1/2 = 45 min). Approximately 90% of the radioactivity had cleared from circulation within 45 min post-injection and the agent had accumulated in experimental bacterial or sterile abscesses in significantly (P<0.05) higher quantities than the analogues evaluated previously. Generally, the biodistribution pattern of 99Tcm-TP765 was similar to that of other analogues examined and its abscess uptake was independent of the abscess age. In conclusion, a new analogue of fMLP, 99Tcm-TP765, was prepared by a simple procedure. This new analogue has properties similar to those of previously examined analogues used as agents for imaging infection or inflammation.     

Q-Td及J-Td变化对AMI预后的影响

目的探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者Q-T间期离散度(Q-Td)和J-T间期离散度(J-Td)的变化及对AMI预后的影响。方法选择近年住院资料完整的AMI患者163例,分为存活组和死亡组,分别进行Q-Td及J-Td对比测量,并与正常对照组进行比较。结果AMI组Q-Td、J-Td均较正常对照组显著增加,住院期间死亡组Q-Td、J-Td较存活组有显著增加。结论AMI时Q-Td、J-Td显著增加,死亡者较存活者增加更为显著,此可作为识别AMI后高危人群的一个有价值的指标。     

Adaptation to a standardized training program and changes in fitness in a large, heterogeneous population: the HERITAGE Family Study

PURPOSE: This paper describes the variations in response to a standardized, computer-controlled training program. METHODS: Steady-state heart rate (HR) and oxygen intake (VO2) of 614 healthy, sedentary men and women aged 16-65 yr were measured during three cycle ergometer exercise tests. The HR associated with 55, 65, 70, and 75% of each subject's pretraining VO2max was used to prescribe exercise intensity. Subjects exercised three times a week, beginning at a HR associated with 55% VO2max for 30 min. Duration and intensity was gradually increased over 20 wk of training. The duration and HR of each training session were controlled by a computer. RESULTS: Using the linear relationship between HR, VO2 and power output (PO), PO were predicted for each of 60 training sessions at the respective programmed HR. The average ratio of the actual training HR to programmed HR was 0.99. It was hypothesized that participants whose actual training PO exceeded their predicted PO would improve VO2max more than those whose actual PO was less than their predicted PO. Using the ratio of actual/predicted PO determined after the training was over, participants were arbitrarily assigned to three groups: 128 participants had low (LO) ratios (0.65-0.84), 408 had average (AV) ratios (0.85-1.14), and 78 had high (HI) ratios (1.15-1.34). Secondary analysis showed that the training program significantly increased mean VO2max of all three groups. Those who had a smaller increase in training PO (LO) had significantly less increase in VO2max than those with larger increases in PO (HI). CONCLUSION: People who exercise at a HR associated with the same %VO2max can vary substantially in their training PO, in their rate of increase in PO over a 20-wk training program, and in improvement of their VO2max.     

Atypical meningioma: a clinicopathological analysis

In this retrospective study, 382 operated cases of meningiomas were reviewed. 32 cases (8.3%) were histopathologically classified as atypical meningioma. The anatomical locations and histological features in all the thirty-two cases were correlated with their recurrence rates and biological behaviour. The overall recurrence rate for atypical meningioma within two years was 28% as compared to 9.3% in benign meningiomas. It is being emphasized that an accurate histopathological interpretation of atypical meningioma is essential for predicting the recurrence, biological behavior as well as post-operative management modalities.     

Spectroscopic and biochemical correlations during the course of human lens aging

Background  

With age, the human lens accumulates variety of substances that absorbs and fluorescence, which explains the color of yellow, brunescent and nigrescent cataract in terms of aging. The aim of this study was to assess lens fluorophores with properties comparable to those of advanced glycated end products (AGEs) in relation to age in human lenses. These fluorescent compounds are believed to be involved in the development of cataract.