头颈肿瘤游离皮瓣修复术后皮瓣坏死及皮瓣相关并发症影响因素分析

目的 分析皮瓣坏死及术后出现皮瓣相关并发症的影响因素。方法 回顾性分析因头颈肿瘤行游离皮瓣修复患者的年龄、性别、手术时长、吸烟、酗酒、高血压、糖尿病、术前放疗、血管吻合方式等对皮瓣坏死及皮瓣相关术后并发症的影响作用。结果 年龄、性别、手术时长、吸烟、酗酒、术前放疗、血管吻合方式不是头颈肿瘤患者游离皮瓣修复后皮瓣坏死及发生皮瓣相关术后并发症的危险因素;糖尿病是头颈肿瘤患者游离皮瓣修复后皮瓣坏死的危险因素(P=0.006),高血压(P=0.040)、糖尿病(P=0.024)是出现皮瓣相关术后并发症的独立危险因素。结论 在有游离皮瓣修复指征的头颈肿瘤但伴随有糖尿病、高血压疾病的患者中,经过全身情况评估后个体化选择修复方式。     

医院护理人员参加继续医学教育现状分析与探讨

目的 探讨医院护理继续教育情况,为护理管理部门制定有针对性的培训方案提供理论依据。方法 选取2018年11月至2019年10月北京航天总医院的618名护理人员作为研究对象,采用自行设计调查表,调查护理人员参加继续教育现状。结果 医院30～<40岁护理人员最多,占比43.2%;护理人员工作年限在11～20年最多,占比46.61%;医院护理人员中已取得初级以上职称的人数最多,占比71.84%;护理人员具有大专以上学历人数最多,占比98.22%;医院护理人员参加过省市级继续教育项目的人数最多,占比84.63%;护理人员中希望通过远程授课的方式获得教育的人数最多,占比91.59%;亟待增加护理专业知识的需求人数最多,占比76.58%;不同年龄、不同学历的护理人员对继续教育的认知比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 医院护理人员对继续教育持积极态度,能认识到继续教育的重要性。护理人员的继续教育亟待加强,应根据护理人员的工作状况,提出切实有效的培训方案,加强对继续教育的重视程度,提高护理人员整体素质和护理质量。     

中外高校教师发展中心的比较分析及启示

高校教师发展中心作为高校教学质量保障体系的要素,最初起源于20世纪60年代的美国,其侧重于教师教学能力的发展。20世纪90年代,美国高校教师发展中心建设进入快速发展时期,逐渐成为高等教育教学改革的重要促进机制。中国的高校教师发展中心起步虽较晚,但在教育部的推动下自2012年开始逐步发展,建立了比较成熟的高校教师发展制度。为了进一步完善高校教师发展中心的建设,本文通过文献检索对近20年国内外高校教师发展中心的整体情况进行分析,总结归纳其运行机制,比较国内外高校的教师发展中心的建设情况,并提出高校教师发展中心的建设思路,为未来高校教师发展中心的建设提供理论基础。     

Incidence of respiratory disorders in neonates born between 34 and 36 weeks of gestation following exposure to antenatal corticosteroids between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation

We studied the effect of antenatal corticosteroids on the incidence of respiratory disorders in singleton neonates born between 34 and 36 weeks of gestation. Retrospective analysis was conducted of the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and other respiratory disorders (need for mechanical ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure, and prolonged oxygen therapy) among singleton neonates delivered between 34 and 36 weeks of gestation who were exposed to antenatal corticosteroids, compared with neonates who were not exposed. Statistical analyses included two-tailed T tests, two-way analysis of variance for continuous data, and chi-square analysis for ratios. A probability of 0.05 was considered significant. Between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2004, 1078 neonates were born between 34 and 36 weeks of gestation. Information regarding antenatal corticosteroids was available in 1044: 574 neonates (53.2%) were exposed to antenatal corticosteroids and 470 (43.6%) were not. One thousand and eighteen neonates were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Respiratory disorders were diagnosed in 140 of those exposed to antenatal steroids (24.4%) and in 382 of the nonexposed (81.3%) ( P < 0.0001). Two hundred and ten neonates (20.6%) developed RDS: Of those, 43 were exposed to antenatal corticosteroids and 167 were not (incidence of RDS was 7.5% and 35.5%, respectively; P = 0.0001). The beneficial effects of corticosteroids were similar in both genders. It appears that the exposure of singleton pregnancies to antenatal corticosteroids between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation is associated with a significantly lower incidence of respiratory disorders among neonates born at 34 to 36 weeks of gestation. Further studies are needed to determine whether administering antenatal steroids to women experiencing preterm labor after 34 weeks of gestation would be associated with a similar beneficial effect.     

数据分类算法智慧诊疗模型在皮肤痤疮诊断中的研究与应用

目的建立一种基于数据分类算法、人工智能与皮肤诊断学等多学科融合的寻常型痤疮智慧诊疗模型。方法通过采集陆军军医大学第一附属医院皮肤科2018-2020年门诊患者中明确确诊的寻常型痤疮皮肤影像数据为依据,利用数据分类算法、卷积神经网络、深度学习等技术定位影像数据中的痤疮关键部位,进而提取、处理、分析和总结归纳寻常型痤疮影像的病理特征。结果建立痤疮分类诊断模型与知识库,构建智慧痤疮诊断模型标准与规范。结论数据分类算法智慧诊疗模型可实现对寻常型痤疮图像的自主诊断,提高诊断准确率与工作效率。     

Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide and Substance P Mediate Emetic Response Induction by Masked Trichothecene Deoxynivalenol-3-Glucoside through Ca2+ Signaling

Deoxynivalenol (DON), the most naturally-occurring trichothecenes, may affect animal and human health by causing vomiting as a hallmark of food poisoning. Deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G) usually co-occurs with DON as its glucosylated form and is another emerging food safety issue in recent years. However, the toxicity of D3G is not fully understood compared to DON, especially in emetic potency. The goals of this research were to (1) compare emetic effects to D3G by oral and intraperitoneal (IP) routes and relate emetic effects to brain-gut peptides glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and substance P (SP) in mink; (2) determine the roles of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and transient receptor potential (TRP) channel in D3G’s emetic effect. Both oral and IP exposure to D3G elicited marked emetic events. This emetic response corresponded to an elevation of GIP and SP. Blocking the GIP receptor (GIPR) diminished emetic response induction by GIP and D3G. The neurokinin 1 receptor (NK-1R) inhibitor Emend^® restrained the induction of emesis by SP and D3G. Importantly, CaSR antagonist NPS-2143 or TRP channel antagonist ruthenium red dose-dependently inhibited both D3G-induced emesis and brain-gut peptides GIP and SP release; cotreatment with both antagonists additively suppressed both emetic and brain-gut peptide responses to D3G. To summarize, our findings demonstrate that activation of CaSR and TRP channels contributes to D3G-induced emesis by mediating brain-gut peptide exocytosis in mink.     

Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Mortality in Critical Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients 50 Years of Age or Younger During the Delta Wave: Comparison With Patients > 50 Years in Korea

BackgroundNumerous patients around the globe are dying from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While age is a known risk factor, risk analysis in the young generation is lacking. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical features and mortality risk factors in younger patients (≤ 50 years) with a critical case of COVID-19 in comparison with those among older patients (> 50 years) in Korea.MethodsWe analyzed the data of adult patients only in critical condition (requiring high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy or higher respiratory support) hospitalized with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 at 11 hospitals in Korea from July 1, 2021 to November 30, 2021 when the delta variant was a dominant strain. Patients’ electronic medical records were reviewed to identify clinical characteristics.ResultsDuring the study period, 448 patients were enrolled. One hundred and forty-two were aged 50 years or younger (the younger group), while 306 were above 50 years of age (the older group). The most common pre-existing conditions in the younger group were diabetes mellitus and hypertension, and 69.7% of the patients had a body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m². Of 142 younger patients, 31 of 142 patients (21.8%, 19 women) did not have these pre-existing conditions. The overall case fatality rate among severity cases was 21.0%, and it differed according to age: 5.6% (n = 8/142) in the younger group, 28.1% in the older group, and 38% in the ≥ 65 years group. Age (odds ratio [OR], 7.902; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.754–18.181), mechanical ventilation therapy (OR, 17.233; 95% CI, 8.439–35.192), highest creatinine > 1.5 mg/dL (OR, 17.631; 95% CI, 8.321–37.357), and combined blood stream infection (OR, 7.092; 95% CI, 1.061–18.181) were identified as independent predictors of mortality in total patients. Similar patterns were observed in age-specific analyses, but most results were statistically insignificant in multivariate analysis due to the low number of deaths in the younger group. The full vaccination rate was very low among study population (13.6%), and only three patients were fully vaccinated, with none of the patients who died having been fully vaccinated in the younger group. Seven of eight patients who died had a pre-existing condition or were obese (BMI > 25 kg/m²), and the one remaining patient died from a secondary infection.ConclusionAbout 22% of the patients in the young critical group did not have an underlying disease or obesity, but the rate of obesity (BMI > 25 kg/m²) was high, with a fatality rate of 5.6%. The full vaccination rate was extremely low compared to the general population of the same age group, showing that non-vaccination has a grave impact on the progression of COVID-19 to a critical condition. The findings of this study highlight the need for measures to prevent critical progression of COVID-19, such as vaccinations and targeting young adults especially having risk factors.     

颅脑战伤非专科治疗标准化方案研究

目的明确并规范颅脑战伤非专科治疗方案,以指导颅脑战伤的时效救治。方法调研现代战争颅脑战伤的资料,参考国内外关于颅脑创伤的急救方案,结合我军战伤救治经验,分析颅脑战伤非专科治疗方案。结果提出颅脑战伤非专科治疗标准化方案、救治模式以及颅脑战伤处理程序图。结论此方案为颅脑战伤的时效救治及我军颅脑战伤救治手册的制定提供了依据。