IL-12在哮喘小鼠杯状细胞化生和黏液分泌中的作用

目的 研究经鼻滴入白介素12(interleukin-12,IL-12)对支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)小鼠气道杯状细胞表达Muc5ac黏蛋白的影响,探讨IL-12与哮喘黏液分泌的关系.方法 应用荧光定量PCR法测定正常对照组、哮喘组、IL-12组及抗IL-12组的肺组织Muc5ac mRNA的表达水平,同时利用ABPAS染色对小鼠支气管壁杯状细胞数量进行观察.结果 Muc5ac蛋白阳性表达的细胞均主要分布于气道上皮,细胞的胞浆呈棕黄色.相比于哮喘组,IL-12组黏蛋白Muc5ac的mRNA表达量显著上升(P<0.01),抗IL-12组黏蛋白Muc5ac的mRNA表达量显著下降(P<0.01).结论 IL-12对哮喘小鼠支气管黏液的分泌具有增强作用.     

Comparison of allergen-specific IgE levels between Immulite 2000 and ImmunoCAP systems against six inhalant allergens and ten food allergens

Abstract

In vitro allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) measurement has been used as an important diagnostic tool for allergic diseases. Currently, quantitative sIgE levels are detected mainly by using ImmunoCAP and Immulite 2000 assay system. These two systems have the same calibration scale at 0–100 kUA/L, but they differ in used allergens, detection methods and automation systems. We compared 1600 paired sIgE results for 204 allergic patients, including 100 paired sIgE assay results for each of 16 allergens (Alternaria alternata, birch-alder mix, cat dander, D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus, dog dander, buckwheat, crab, egg white, mackerel, milk, peach, peanut, shrimp, soybean and wheat flour). Inter-method comparison was performed for qualitative data with a cutoff of 0.35 kUA/L and a detection limit of 0.1 kUA/L, semi-quantitative class results and quantitative data. In qualitative comparisons, the overall concordance rate ranged from 81.0% to 99.0% (k: 0.599–0.949) with the cutoff value of 0.35 kUA/L. It also ranged from 80.0% to 99.0% (k: 0.521–0.951) with the detection limit of 0.1 kUA/L. The class results from these two assays showed good agreements for all allergens. For quantitative sIgE results, these two assays showed moderate positive correlations for Dog dander (r?=?0.683) and Mackerel (r?=?0.573) but high to very high correlations for the other 14 allergens (r?=?0.734–0.972). Immulite 2000 and ImmunoCAP assays demonstrated good concordance and correlation for 16 common allergens, but international standards against each specific allergen for calibration and harmonization of sIgE tests are still needed.     

Impetigo‐Like Tinea Faciei Around the Nostrils Caused by Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii Identified Using Polymerase Chain Reaction–Based Sequencing of Crusts

We report a case of Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii (a teleomorph of Trichophyton interdigitale) infection around the nostrils in a 3‐year‐old girl. The culture was negative, so the pathogenic agent was identified using polymerase chain reaction–based sequencing of the crusts taken from the lesion on the nostril. Treatment with oral itraconazole and topical 1% naftifine/0.25% ketoconazole cream after a topical wash with ketoconazole shampoo was effective.     

右美托咪定用于减轻颅内动脉瘤患者麻醉诱导期血流动力学波动的临床价值

目的 探讨右美托咪定在颅内动脉瘤介入手术全身麻醉诱导期减少血流动力学波动中的应用.方法 选择全身麻醉下行颅内动脉瘤介入手术的患者60例,采用随机数字表法分为低剂量芬太尼组、高剂量芬太尼组和低剂量芬太尼复合右美托咪定组(复合组),每组20例.麻醉诱导前,复合组经微量泵持续静脉注射右美托咪定,总量1μg/kg,泵注时间10 min;低剂量芬太尼组和高剂量芬太尼组注射等量0.9％氯化钠.麻醉诱导时,低剂量芬太尼组和复合组静脉注射芬太尼3μg/kg、高剂量芬太尼组静脉注射芬太尼5μg/kg,余用药相同.记录入手术室平静休息3 min (T0)、气管内插管前即刻(T1)、插管后即刻(T2)、插管后3 min (T3)的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR).将每例患者麻醉诱导期间(T0～T3)SBP、DBP、HR最大值与最小值之差定义为各参数的波动值:△SBP、△DBP、△HR.记录诱导期间麻黄碱、阿托品的使用情况.结果 复合组△SBP、△DBP、△HR[(26.9±14.8) mm Hg(1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa)、(10.7±8.9) mm Hg、(12.5±4.3)次/min]均低于低剂量芬太尼组[(40.4±15.6) mm Hg、(20.3±9.4) mm Hg、(30.1±15.0)次/min](P＜ 0.05),高剂量芬太尼组△SBP、△HR [(29.8±16.8) mm Hg、(19.5±7.4)次/min]均低于低剂量芬太尼组(P＜0.05),复合组△HR低于高剂量芬太尼组(P＜0.05).麻醉诱导期三组阿托品使用率比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.364),高剂量芬太尼组麻黄碱使用率高于低剂量芬太尼组[30％(6/20)比5％(1/20),P=0.032].结论 麻醉诱导前应用1μg/kg右美托咪定,既能够良好抑制插管反应,又不会导致插管后血压严重下降,达到了稳定血流动力学的目标,特别适用于颅内动脉瘤患者的麻醉诱导.     

Cytochrome P450 2E1 RsaI/PstI and DraI polymorphisms are risk factors for lung cancer in Mongolian and Han population in inner Mongolia

Objective: To explore the relationship between cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) RsaI/PstI and DraI polymorphism and lung cancer susceptibility in Mongolian and Han population in Inner Mongolia of China. Methods: CYP2E1 RsaI/PstI and DraI polymorphisms were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 64 lung cancer patients, 150 healthy Mongolian and 150 healthy Han individuals. The distribution of genotype and allele frequencies of CYP2E1 RsaI/PstI and DraI polymorphisms we...     

ADHD stimulants and their effect on height in children

QUESTION Many more children today are diagnosed and treated for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Parents frequently ask me if the stimulant medications their children receive might affect their height as adults. What should I tell them?ANSWER Stimulant medications, including methylphenidate and amphetamine, are safe and effective in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Research on the issue of growth suppression is lacking, mostly owing to insufficient follow-up on patients’ final heights. In general, the rate of height loss seems relatively small and is likely reversible with withdrawal of treatment. Clinical presentation and academic achievements should be the key to determining which drug to prescribe, the preparation, and the dose.     

The clue of Interstitial Cell of Cajalopathy (ICCpathy) in human diabetic gastropathy: The ultrastructural and electrical clues of ICCpathy in human diabetic gastropathy

Recent studies of diabetic animal models suggest an important role of ICC in the pathogenesis of gastropathy. The aim of this study was to characterize the ultrastructural features of ICC and record the electrical properties in the stomach of patients with type 2 DM. Gastric specimens were obtained from 13 diabetic patients and 6 control subjects with gastric cancer that underwent gastrectomy. All specimens were taken from disease-free areas. The samples were processed for both electron microscopic and electrophysiologic examination. The characteristic ultrastructural changes of the ICC were observed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm in patients with type 2 DM. Wrinkling of the nuclear envelope and changes in the cytoplasm such as dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum, an increase of autophagic vacuoles, were more frequently observed in the diabetic patients. Apoptosis characterized by nuclear karyorrhexis or pyknosis was observed only in the diabetic patients. Slow waves were recorded in the circular muscle of stomach. In diabetic patients, the mean resting membrane potential was higher and amplitude was lower than controls. These changes of electrical activities of slow waves were accompanied with ultrastructural changes of ICC, particularly the characteristic nuclear changes. In human diabetic patients, the characteristic ultrastructural changes of ICC such as preapoptosis, accompanied with electrical dysrhythmia of slow waves, were observed. These results show several evidence converging to support that degeneration of the ICC may be associated with the pathogenesis of diabetic gastropathy.     

Celiac disease diagnosed in the elderly

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In the past 20 years, a growing proportion of new cases of celiac disease (CD) are diagnosed in adults and in patients with extraintestinal manifestations. Our understanding of the extremely wide spectra of manifestations and the profound effects on elderly patients is improving. Nevertheless, CD is still underdiagnosed in elderly patients. In this study, we describe a case series of CD patients diagnosed after the age of 60. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was preformed in cases of CD diagnosed after the age of 60. Patients were included if they had positive serology and histologic findings compatible with CD. Eligible patients were reinterviewed, and demographic, clinical, and laboratory information were recorded. RESULTS: During the study period, 7 patients with CD diagnosed after the age of 60 were identified. The most common presenting findings were weight loss, iron deficiency anemia, and diarrhea. Two patients suffered from severe early osteoperosis and 2 additional patients had elevated liver function tests. Neurologic manifestation was suspected in 3 cases. Two female patients presented with cognitive decline that was attributed to Alzheimer dementia but ameliorated after the initiation of gluten-free diet. The third patient had peripheral neuropathy that completely resolved after the initiation of gluten-free diet. Median lag in diagnosis was 8 years. Diet treatment led to complete resolution of symptoms in most cases and a significant weight gain (median 7.75 kg, range 5 to 11). One patient developed a fatal intestinal T-cell lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS: In this case series, we have described several cases of CD in patients over the age of 60 with a varied spectrum of manifestations. We have also found a significant lag in diagnosis and treatment. We believe that it is important to promote the identification of CD as a possible culprit in varied clinical conditions in the elderly population.     

Methimazole Slows Hepatocyte Streaming in Rats

Hepatocytes are hypothesized to continuallystream from the portal tract to the terminal hepaticvein. By this model, when a cell divides, one of itsprogeny replaces the dividing ancestor and the other is displaced into a more remote location. Thepresent experiment aims to demonstrate thathypothyroidism affects liver cell turnover. Thirty maleadult rats were divided into two groups. One receivedmethimazole for two weeks and the other served as control.Each rat was injected intraperitoneally with 18.5 KBq[³H]thymidine/g body weight. Rats were killedafter 1 hr and two and four weeks. Autoradiography was done. The distance of the labeled cells fromthe portal tract was measured. The mean TSH levels ofthe methimazole-treated group and controls were 1.45 and0.25 mM/liter, respectively (P < 0.01). Hepatocyte streaming was lower in hypothyroid (1.8m/day) than in untreated rats (2.5 m/day) (P< 0.01). The respective labeling indices 1 hr afterlabeling were 0.9% and 1.24% (P < 0.05). We concludethat hypothyroidism diminishes hepatocyte and littoral cellturnover and slows down their streaming.