全文获取类型
收费全文 | 7294篇 |
免费 | 508篇 |
国内免费 | 48篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 37篇 |
儿科学 | 341篇 |
妇产科学 | 116篇 |
基础医学 | 828篇 |
口腔科学 | 208篇 |
临床医学 | 591篇 |
内科学 | 1807篇 |
皮肤病学 | 101篇 |
神经病学 | 257篇 |
特种医学 | 426篇 |
外国民族医学 | 1篇 |
外科学 | 677篇 |
综合类 | 379篇 |
一般理论 | 2篇 |
预防医学 | 810篇 |
眼科学 | 156篇 |
药学 | 621篇 |
1篇 | |
中国医学 | 66篇 |
肿瘤学 | 425篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 57篇 |
2022年 | 170篇 |
2021年 | 280篇 |
2020年 | 141篇 |
2019年 | 197篇 |
2018年 | 184篇 |
2017年 | 159篇 |
2016年 | 176篇 |
2015年 | 200篇 |
2014年 | 237篇 |
2013年 | 316篇 |
2012年 | 509篇 |
2011年 | 445篇 |
2010年 | 279篇 |
2009年 | 285篇 |
2008年 | 339篇 |
2007年 | 347篇 |
2006年 | 334篇 |
2005年 | 324篇 |
2004年 | 256篇 |
2003年 | 253篇 |
2002年 | 194篇 |
2001年 | 157篇 |
2000年 | 143篇 |
1999年 | 144篇 |
1998年 | 146篇 |
1997年 | 154篇 |
1996年 | 148篇 |
1995年 | 106篇 |
1994年 | 97篇 |
1993年 | 120篇 |
1992年 | 80篇 |
1991年 | 67篇 |
1990年 | 56篇 |
1989年 | 97篇 |
1988年 | 72篇 |
1987年 | 51篇 |
1986年 | 70篇 |
1985年 | 66篇 |
1984年 | 43篇 |
1983年 | 34篇 |
1982年 | 34篇 |
1981年 | 46篇 |
1980年 | 31篇 |
1979年 | 30篇 |
1978年 | 19篇 |
1977年 | 32篇 |
1976年 | 23篇 |
1975年 | 19篇 |
1973年 | 16篇 |
排序方式: 共有7850条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Variability of skin temperature in the waking monkey 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
32.
Antimicrobial susceptibilities and plasmid contents of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from commercial sex workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh: emergence of high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6 下载免费PDF全文
Bhuiyan BU Rahman M Miah MR Nahar S Islam N Ahmed M Rahman KM Albert MJ 《Journal of clinical microbiology》1999,37(4):1130-1136
Commercial sex workers (CSWs) serve as the most important reservoir of sexually transmitted diseases (STD), including gonorrhea. Periodic monitoring of the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a high-risk population provides essential clues regarding the rapidly changing pattern of antimicrobial susceptibilities. A study concerning the prevalence of gonococcal infection among CSWs was conducted in Bangladesh. The isolates were examined with regards to their antimicrobial susceptibility to, and the MICs of, penicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, and spectinomycin by disk diffusion and agar dilution methods. The total plasmid profile of the isolates was also analyzed. Of the 224 CSWs, 94 (42%) were culture positive for N. gonorrhoeae. There was a good correlation between the results of the disk diffusion and agar dilution methods. Some 66% of the isolates were resistant to penicillin, and 34% were moderately susceptible to penicillin. Among the resistant isolates, 23.4% were penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae (PPNG). 60.6% of the isolates were resistant and 38.3% were moderately susceptible to tetracycline, 17.5% were tetracycline-resistant N. gonorrhoeae, 11.7% were resistant and 26.6% had reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, 2.1% were resistant and 11.7% had reduced susceptibility to cefuroxime, and 1% were resistant to ceftriaxone. All PPNG isolates contained a 3.2-MDa African type of plasmid, and a 24.2-MDa conjugative plasmid was present in 34.1% of the isolates. Since quinolones such as ciprofloxacin are recommended as the first line of therapy for gonorrhea, the emergence of significant resistance to ciprofloxacin will limit the usefulness of this drug for treatment of gonorrhea in Bangladesh. 相似文献
33.
34.
Diego A. Gomez Lynne M. Bird Nicole Fleischer Omar A. Abdul‐Rahman 《American journal of medical genetics. Part A》2020,182(9):2021-2026
Angelman syndrome (AS) is caused by several genetic mechanisms that impair the expression of maternally‐inherited UBE3A through deletions, paternal uniparental disomy (UPD), UBE3A pathogenic variants, or imprinting defects. Current methods of differentiating the etiology require molecular testing, which is sometimes difficult to obtain. Recently, computer‐based facial analysis systems have been used to assist in identifying genetic conditions based on facial phenotypes. We sought to understand if the facial‐recognition system DeepGestalt could find differences in phenotype between molecular subtypes of AS. Images and molecular data on 261 individuals with AS ranging from 10 months through 32 years were analyzed by DeepGestalt in a cross‐validation model with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves generated. The area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC for each molecular subtype was compared and ranked from least to greatest differentiable phenotype. We determined that DeepGestalt demonstrated a high degree of discrimination between the deletion subtype and UPD or imprinting defects, and a lower degree of discrimination with the UBE3A pathogenic variants subtype. Our findings suggest that DeepGestalt can recognize subclinical differences in phenotype based on etiology and may provide decision support for testing. 相似文献
35.
Hibbitts S Rahman A John R Westmoreland D Fox JD 《Journal of virological methods》2003,108(2):145-155
New methods for the detection of human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) were developed. These were based on nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) and utilised the NucliSens Basic Kit. Primers and probes were selected from the haemagglutinin neuraminidase (HN) gene of HPIV1, HPIV2 and HPIV3, and from the phosphoprotein (P) of HPIV4a and -4b. Synthetic RNA, titrated control virus stocks and respiratory specimens (n=44) were utilised to evaluate performance of the assays. Detection of NASBA products was by probe hybridisation and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) ('end-point' detection) or using molecular beacons ('real-time' detection). The assays using ECL detection proved to be both sensitive and specific. Typically, less than or equal to 100 RNA copies or one TCID(50) input was detectable with no cross-reaction between the specific HPIV assays and other respiratory viruses. Results for clinical samples were concordant with those obtained by 'conventional' procedures by classical viral diagnostic methods. 'Real-time' detection utilised probes specific for either HPIV1 or HPIV3 with similar performance characteristics to the assays with 'end-point' detection. The feasibility of multiplexing targets together was confirmed using a combined HPIV1 and HPIV3 assay with good results for ECL and molecular beacon detection on control material and clinical samples. 相似文献
36.
Cigarette smoke prevents apoptosis through inhibition of caspase activation and induces necrosis 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Wickenden JA Clarke MC Rossi AG Rahman I Faux SP Donaldson K MacNee W 《American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology》2003,29(5):562-570
Emphysema is characterized by enlargement of the distal airspaces in the lungs due to destruction of alveolar walls. Alveolar endothelial and epithelial cell apoptosis induced by cigarette smoke is thought to be a possible mechanism for this cell loss. In contrast, our studies show that cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) induces necrosis in alveolar epithelial cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Furthermore, study of the cell death pathway in a model system using Jurkat cells revealed that in addition to inducing necrosis, CSC inhibited apoptosis induced by staurosporine or Fas ligation, with both effects prevented by the antioxidants glutathione and dithiothreitol. Time course experiments revealed that CSC inhibited an early step in the caspase cascade, whereby caspase-3 was not activated. Moreover, cell-free reconstitution of the apoptosome in cytoplasmic extracts from CSC-treated cells, by addition of cytochrome-c and dATP, did not result in activation of caspases-3 or -9. Thus, smoke treatment may alter the levels of pro- and antiapoptogenic factors downstream of the mitochondria to inhibit active apoptosome formation. Therefore, unlike previous studies, cell death in response to cigarette smoke by necrosis and not apoptosis may be responsible for the loss of alveolar walls and inflammation observed in emphysema. 相似文献
37.
Özcan Özdamar Rafael E. Delgado Syed Rahman Carlos Lopez 《Annals of biomedical engineering》1998,26(5):883-891
An innovative acoustic noise canceling method using adaptive Wiener filtering (AWF) was developed for improved acquisition of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). The system used one microphone placed in the test ear for the primary signal. Noise reference signals were obtained from three different sources: (a) pre-stimulus response from the test ear microphone, (b) post-stimulus response from a microphone placed near the head of the subject and (c) post-stimulus response obtained from a microphone placed in the subjects nontest ear. In order to improve spectral estimation, block averaging of a different number of single sweep responses was used. DPOAE data were obtained from 11 ears of healthy newborns in a well-baby nursery of a hospital under typical noise conditions. Simultaneously obtained recordings from all three microphones were digitized, stored and processed off-line to evaluate the effects of AWF with respect to DPOAE detection and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement. Results show that compared to standard DPOAE processing, AWF improved signal detection and improved SNR. © 1998 Biomedical Engineering Society.
PAC98: 4364Jb, 4360-c, 8790+y 相似文献
38.
Permeation of human ovarian tissue with cryoprotective agents in preparation for cryopreservation 总被引:18,自引:10,他引:18
Newton H; Fisher J; Arnold JR; Pegg DE; Faddy MJ; Gosden RG 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(2):376-380
The recent improvements in the treatment of cancer by chemo- and
radiotherapy have led to a significant increase in the survival rates of
patients with malignant disease, but at the expense of distressing side
effects. One major problem, especially for younger patients, is that
aggressive therapy destroys a significant proportion of the follicular
population, which can result in either temporary or permanent infertility.
Freeze-banking pieces of ovarian cortex prior to treatment is one strategy
for preserving fecundity. When the patient is in remission, fertility
could, theoretically, be restored by autografting the thawed tissue at the
orthotopic site or by growing isolated follicles to maturity in vitro.
Recent studies have found good follicular survival in frozen-thawed human
ovarian tissue but to optimize the process an effective cryopreservation
method needs to be developed. An essential part of such a technique is to
permeate the tissue with a cryoprotectant to minimize ice formation and the
extent of this equilibration is an important determinant of post-thaw
cellular survival. In the current study, we have investigated the diffusion
of four cryoprotective agents into human tissue at both 4 degrees C and 37
degrees C. We have also studied the effect of adding different
concentrations of the non penetrating cryoprotective agent, sucrose, to the
freezing media using the release of lactate dehydrogenase as a measure of
its protective effect. At 4 degrees C propylene glycol and glycerol
penetrated the tissue significantly slower than either ethylene glycol or
dimethyl sulphoxide. At the higher temperature of 37 degrees C all four
cryoprotectants penetrated at a faster rate, however concern about enhanced
toxicity prevents the use of these conditions in practice. Thus, the
results suggest that the best method of preparing tissue for freezing is
exposure for 30 min to 1.5 M solutions of ethylene glycol or dimethyl
sulphoxide at 4 degrees C; this achieved a mean tissue concentration that
was almost 80% that of the bathing solution. We also report that the
addition of low concentrations of sucrose to the freezing medium does not
have a significant protective effect against freezing injury.
相似文献
39.
Mohammad Lutfur Rahman Masato Aoyama Shoei Sugita 《Anatomical science international / Japanese Association of Anatomists》2008,83(4):239-246
This study was intended to determine the number and density of both retinal ganglion cells and the oil droplets of cone photoreceptor
cells in brown-eared bulbul (Hysipetes amaurotis). For this study birds were killed with proper dose of anesthetic (pentobarbital, 30 mg/kg), and the eyes were removed from
the orbital cavity to isolate the retina. For the ganglion cell study retinal whole-mount specimens were prepared and stained
with 0.1% cresyl violet. The different types of oil droplets were counted from color microphotographs of freshly prepared
retinal samples. The mean total number of ganglion cells was estimated at approximately 2.5×106; with an average density of 16 523 cells/mm2. Two high-density areas, namely the central area (CA) and the dorso-temporal area (DTA), are located in the central and dorso-temporal
retinas, respectively, in bulbuls (24 032 cells/mm2 in the CA; 23 113 cells/mm2 in the DTA). Small ganglion cells persisted in the highest density areas, whereas the largest soma sizes were found in the
lowest density areas of the retina. Four types of different colored oil droplets — red, orange, green and clear — were identified
with an average density of 29 062/mm2. Among the different colors, the green oil droplets had a significantly higher population (13 083/mm2) than the others across the retina. The central retina had a significantly higher number of all types of oil droplets, at
a density of 60 552/mm2. The density and size of the different colored oil droplets were inversely related across the regions of the retina. Taken
together, it is concluded that the CA of the retina is an excellent quality area for visual perception due to peak density
of ganglion cells and oil droplets. Moreover, each specific oil droplet makes a distinct contribution to visual perception,
thereby ensuring that the bird has a retina that best matches its natural environment and feeding behavior. 相似文献
40.
Stein TP; Oram-Smith JC; Leskiw MJ; Wallace HW; Long LC; Leonard JM 《The American journal of physiology》1976,230(5):1321-1325