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61.
APC from mice harbouring the filarial nematode, Brugia malayi, prevent cellular proliferation but not cytokine production 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Specific T cell hyporesponsiveness and depressed antibody productionis a key feature of human infection with the filarial nematodes,Brugia malayi and Wuchereria bancrofti Despite this immune suppression,responses indicative of Th2 subset activation are present, includingunusually high levels of specific lgG4. We tested the possibilitythat infection with filarial nematodes causes a reduction inthe co-stimulatory or antigen-presenting capacity of macrophagesresulting in a failure to activate specific T cells. Adherentperitoneal exudate cells (PEC) from mice implanted with adultB. malayi were used to present antigen to the conalbumin-specificT cell clone, D10.G4. Proliferation of the D10 cells at evenbackground levels was completely blocked by the presence ofimplant-derived adherent PEC. However, cytokine production bythese cells in response to antigen was intact, and thus PECfrom implanted mice are capable of functionally processing andpresenting antigen. The elicitation of a suppressive cell populationwas specific for live adults as cells from mice implanted withdead adult parasites effectively stimulated D10 proliferation.The block in cellular proliferation is not due to the productionof factors typically associated with macrophage suppressionsuch as nitric oxide, prostaglandins or catalase. These observationsare consistent with the T cell hyporesponsiveness seen in humancases of patent Brugia infection and may provide a murine modelfor the immune suppression seen in lymphatic filariasis. 相似文献
62.
Almanza Jennifer I. Karbeah J.Mag Tessier Katelyn M. Neerland Carrie Stoll Kathrin Hardeman Rachel R. Vedam Saraswathi 《Maternal and child health journal》2022,26(4):895-904
Maternal and Child Health Journal - National studies report that birth center care is associated with reduced racial and ethnic disparities and reduced experiences of mistreatment. In the US, there... 相似文献
63.
Jackson Fleda Mask Bryant Allison Gregory Kimberly D. Hardeman Rachel Howell Elizabeth A. 《Maternal and child health journal》2022,26(4):659-660
Maternal and Child Health Journal - 相似文献
64.
Kathleen J. Sawin Rachel H.F. Margolis Monique M. Ridosh Melissa H. Bellin Jason Woodward Timothy J. Brei Lynne Romeiser Logan 《Disability and health journal》2021,14(1):100940
BackgroundSelf-management is critical to optimizing the health of individuals with a chronic condition or disability and is, therefore, a central concept in individual and family-centered healthcare delivery. The purpose of this review is to report the state of the science of self-management for individuals with spina bifida (SB) from a lifespan perspective.ObjectiveThis review will summarize the (a) development and use of self-management skills and behaviors across the life span, (b) factors related to self-management behaviors, (c) development of generic or condition-specific measures of self-management used with a spina bifida population, and (d) development and/or outcomes of interventions to improve self-management in SB.MethodsThe search strategy was limited to primary research articles published between 2003 and 2019 and followed PRISMA guidelines. The databases searched included: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. Studies that addressed self-management concepts in individuals throughout the life span and published in English were included.ResultsThe search yielded 108 citations and 56 articles met inclusion/exclusion criteria. A systematic narrative synthesis was reported. The level of evidence identified was primarily Level III articles of good quality. Multiple demographic, environmental, condition and process factors were related to self-management behaviors. SB self-management instruments and intervention development and testing studies were identified.ConclusionsThis review provides a synthesis of the state of the science of self-management including factors related to self-management behaviors, preliminary evidence of instruments for use in SB, factors important to consider in the development and testing of future interventions, and gaps in the literature. 相似文献
65.
Petter Fagerberg Evangelia Charmandari Christos Diou Rachel Heimeier Youla Karavidopoulou Penio Kassari Evangelia Koukoula Irini Lekka Nicos Maglaveras Christos Maramis Ioannis Pagkalos Vasileios Papapanagiotou Katerina Riviou Ioannis Sarafis Athanasia Tragomalou Ioannis Ioakimidis 《Nutrients》2021,13(3)
Fast self-reported eating rate (SRER) has been associated with increased adiposity in children and adults. No studies have been conducted among high-school students, and SRER has not been validated vs. objective eating rate (OBER) in such populations. The objectives were to investigate (among high-school student populations) the association between OBER and BMI z-scores (BMIz), the validity of SRER vs. OBER, and potential differences in BMIz between SRER categories. Three studies were conducted. Study 1 included 116 Swedish students (mean ± SD age: 16.5 ± 0.8, 59% females) who were eating school lunch. Food intake and meal duration were objectively recorded, and OBER was calculated. Additionally, students provided SRER. Study 2 included students (n = 50, mean ± SD age: 16.7 ± 0.6, 58% females) from Study 1 who ate another objectively recorded school lunch. Study 3 included 1832 high-school students (mean ± SD age: 15.8 ± 0.9, 51% females) from Sweden (n = 748) and Greece (n = 1084) who provided SRER. In Study 1, students with BMIz ≥ 0 had faster OBER vs. students with BMIz < 0 (mean difference: +7.7 g/min or +27%, p = 0.012), while students with fast SRER had higher OBER vs. students with slow SRER (mean difference: +13.7 g/min or +56%, p = 0.001). However, there was “minimal” agreement between SRER and OBER categories (κ = 0.31, p < 0.001). In Study 2, OBER during lunch 1 had a “large” correlation with OBER during lunch 2 (r = 0.75, p < 0.001). In Study 3, fast SRER students had higher BMIz vs. slow SRER students (mean difference: 0.37, p < 0.001). Similar observations were found among both Swedish and Greek students. For the first time in high-school students, we confirm the association between fast eating and increased adiposity. Our validation analysis suggests that SRER could be used as a proxy for OBER in studies with large sample sizes on a group level. With smaller samples, OBER should be used instead. To assess eating rate on an individual level, OBER can be used while SRER should be avoided. 相似文献
66.
Rachel A. Elovaris Vida Bitarafan Shahram Agah Sina S. Ullrich Kylie Lange Michael Horowitz Christine Feinle-Bisset 《Nutrients》2021,13(5)
(1) Background: Whey protein lowers postprandial blood glucose in health and type 2 diabetes, by stimulating insulin and incretin hormone secretion and slowing gastric emptying. The branched-chain amino acids, leucine, isoleucine and valine, abundant in whey, may mediate the glucoregulatory effects of whey. We investigated the comparative effects of intragastric administration of leucine, isoleucine and valine on the plasma glucose, C-peptide and glucagon responses to and gastric emptying of a mixed-nutrient drink in healthy men. (2) Methods: 15 healthy men (27 ± 3 y) received, on four separate occasions, in double-blind, randomised fashion, either 10 g of leucine, 10 g of isoleucine, 10 g of valine or control, intragastrically, 30 min before a mixed-nutrient drink. Plasma glucose, C-peptide and glucagon concentrations were measured before, and for 2 h following, the drink. Gastric emptying of the drink was quantified using 13C-acetate breath-testing. (3) Results: Amino acids alone did not affect plasma glucose or C-peptide, while isoleucine and valine, but not leucine, stimulated glucagon (p < 0.05), compared with control. After the drink, isoleucine and leucine reduced peak plasma glucose compared with both control and valine (all p < 0.05). Neither amino acid affected early (t = 0–30 min) postprandial C-peptide or glucagon. While there was no effect on overall gastric emptying, plasma glucose at t = 30 min correlated with early gastric emptying (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusion: In healthy individuals, leucine and isoleucine lower postprandial blood glucose, at least in part by slowing gastric emptying, while valine does not appear to have an effect, possibly due to glucagon stimulation. 相似文献
67.
San Lazaro Campillo Indra Meaney Sarah Sheehan Jacqueline Rice Rachel O’Donoghue Keelin 《Maternal and child health journal》2021,25(2):282-292
Maternal and Child Health Journal - To assess university students’ knowledge of reproductive health information about miscarriage. A single-centre, cross-sectional study was carried out using... 相似文献
68.
Adams Brian J. Turner Blair Wang Xinzi Marro Rachel Miller Elizabeth Phillips Gregory Coulter Robert W. S. 《Prevention science》2021,22(2):227-236
Prevention Science - Intimate partner violence (IPV) impacts sexual minority adolescents at rates equal to or greater than the rate it impacts heterosexual adolescents. We investigated whether... 相似文献
69.
Cobb Cory L. Salas-Wright Christopher P. John Rachel Schwartz Seth J. Vaughn Michael Martínez Charles R. Awad Germine Pinedo Miguel Cano Miguel Ángel 《Prevention science》2021,22(3):397-407
Prevention Science - We examined national trends and mental health correlates of discrimination among Latinos in the USA. We used data from two nationally representative surveys based on the... 相似文献
70.
BackgroundHypertension is mainly managed in primary care. Shared decision making is widely recommended as an approach to treatment decision making. However, no studies have investigated; in detail, what happens during primary care consultations for hypertension.AimTo understand patients’ and clinicians’ experience of shared decision making for hypertension in primary care, in order to propose how it might be better supported.DesignLongitudinal qualitative study.SettingFive general practices in south‐west England.MethodInterviews with a purposive sample of patients with hypertension, and with the health‐care practitioners they consulted, along with observations of clinical consultations, for up to 6 appointments. Interviews and consultations were audio‐recorded and observational field notes taken. Data were analysed thematically.ResultsForty‐six interviews and 18 consultations were observed, with 11 patients and nine health‐care practitioners (five GPs, one pharmacist and three nurses). Little shared decision making was described by participants or observed. Often patients’ understanding of their hypertension was limited, and they were not aware there were treatment choices. Consultations provided few opportunities for patients and clinicians to reach a shared understanding of their treatment choices. Opportunities for patients to engage in choices were limited by structured consultations and the distribution of decisions across consultations.ConclusionFor shared decision making to be better supported, consultations need to provide opportunities for patients to learn about their condition, to understand that there are treatment choices, and to discuss these choices with clinicians.Patient or Public ContributionA patient group contributed to the design of this study. 相似文献