Platelet and coagulation activation markers in myeloproliferative diseases: relationships with JAK2 V6I7 F status, clonality, and antiphospholipid antibodies

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Patients with myeloproliferative disease (MPD) have an increased risk of thrombosis. We studied markers of platelet and coagulation activation in a large cohort of patients with MPD (n = 118) and related this to Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) V617 F mutation status, a marker of clonality, and the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (APA), all of which have been associated with thrombosis in MPD. METHODS: D-dimer, thrombin-antithrombin complexes (TAT), prothrombin fragments 1 + 2 (F(1+2)), soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin), and soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) levels were compared between patients and hypertensive controls (n = 127). Assays for lupus anticoagulant (LA), anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA), antibeta2 glycoprotein 1 antibodies (anti-beta(2)GP1), and antiprothrombin antibodies (alpha-Pro) were also performed. The JAK2 V617F mutation status was determined in the cohort using amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) polymerase chain reaction. Disease clonality was determined in 54 patients using the HUMARA assay. RESULTS: sP-selectin was significantly increased in patients with MPD (P 相似文献   

Patient satisfaction with chiropractic physicians in an independent physicians'' association

BACKGROUND: Satisfaction with care is one of the variables that can be used in determining the results of medical care. Patient satisfaction surveys allow managed care plans to determine how well their providers meet certain standards. OBJECTIVE: To determine the level of satisfaction with chiropractic care in a random sample of patients seen by physician members of a chiropractic independent physicians' association. DESIGN: A visit-specific questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of 150 patients from health insurance claims filed in the first two months of 2000. RESULTS: The rate of return was 44%. Various aspects of chiropractic care were given a rating of "excellent" by the following percentage of respondents: Length of time to get an appointment (84.9%); convenience of the office (57.7%); access to the office by telephone (77.3%); length of wait at the office (75.7%); time spent with the provider (74.3%); explanation of what was done during the visit (72.8%); technical skills of the chiropractor (83.3%); and the personal manner of the chiropractor (92.4%). The visit overall was rated as excellent by 83.3% of responders, and 95.5% stated they would definitely recommend the provider to others. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated a high satisfaction rate among managed-care patients.     

Can cost utility evaluations inform decision making about interventions for low back pain?

Background contextLow back pain (LBP) is associated with high health-care utilization and lost productivity. Numerous interventions are routinely used, although few are supported by strong evidence. Cost utility analyses (CUAs) may be helpful to inform decision makers.PurposeTo conduct a systematic review of CUAs of interventions for LBP.Study designSystematic review.MethodsA search strategy combining medical subject headings and free text related to LBP and health economic evaluations was executed in MEDLINE. Cost utility analyses combined with randomized controlled trials for LBP were included. Studies that were published before 1998, non-English, decision analyses, and duplicate reports were excluded. Search results were evaluated by two reviewers, who extracted data independently related to clinical study design, economic study design, direct cost components, utility results, cost results, and CUA results.ResultsThe search produced 319 citations, and of these 15 met eligibility criteria. Most were from the United Kingdom (n=8), published in the past 3 years (n=12), studied chronic LBP or radiculopathy (n=13), and had a follow-up >12 months (n=13). Combined, there were 33 study groups who received a mean 2.1 interventions, most commonly education (n=17), exercise therapy (n=13), spinal manipulation therapy (n=7), surgery (n=7), and usual care from a general practitioner (n=7). Mean baseline utility was 0.57, improving to 0.67 at follow-up; the mean difference in utility improvement between study groups was 0.04. Based on available data and converted to US dollars, the cost per quality-adjusted life year ranged from $304 to $579,527, with a median of $13,015.ConclusionsFew CUAs were identified for LBP, and there was heterogeneity in the interventions compared, direct cost components measured, indirect costs, other methods, and results. Reporting quality was mixed. Currently published CUAs do not provide sufficient information to assist decision makers. Future CUAs should attempt to measure all known direct cost components relevant to LBP, estimate indirect costs such as lost productivity, have a follow-up period sufficient to capture meaningful changes, and clearly report methods and results to facilitate interpretation and comparison.     

Rising incidence of type 1 diabetes in Scottish children, 1984-93. The Scottish Study Group for the Care of Young Diabetics

OBJECTIVES: To calculate the incidence of type 1 diabetes in Scottish children aged less than 15 years between 1984 and 1993; to examine changes in incidence; and to calculate the prevalence of diabetes at the end of this period. DESIGN: Three data sources were used to construct the Scottish Study Group for the Care of Young Diabetics register: active reporting of all new cases; reports from the Scottish Morbidity Register 1; and local registers. SUBJECTS: All children resident in Scotland diagnosed with primary insulin dependent diabetes mellitus when less than 15 years of age between 1984 and 1993. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Annual incidence and prevalence rate for Scotland; time trend in incidence over the 10 years; differences in incidence between the three different age groups; and completeness of the register. RESULTS: The average annual incidence for Scotland was 23.9/100,000 children. The prevalence rate was 1.5/1000 in 1993. A total of 2326 cases was identified from the three sources. Capture-recapture analysis suggests a case ascertainment of 98.6%. The annual incidence rates increased at a rate of 2% each year (rate ratio = 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01 to 1.03). The incidence was higher in boys than girls (rate ratio = 1.08, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.18), and the incidence rates increased with age: 15.3/100,000/year for age 0-4 years, 24.4/ 100,000/year for age 5-9 years, and 31.9/ 100,000/year for age 10-14 years. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of type 1 diabetes in Scotland is increasing and the prevalence is relatively high. These findings have important implications for health service resource allocation. The Scottish Study Group for the Care of Young Diabetics' register provides a base for monitoring and research.     

Complex and simple coronary artery stenoses: a new way to interpret coronary angiograms based on morphologic features of lesions

For many years, atherosclerotic coronary artery lesions have been described by angiographers only in terms of location and degree of narrowing. However, it has become apparent that coronary stenoses generally have distinct morphologic features that can be recognized at angiography and that allow them to be classified as either "simple" or "complex" plaques. Complex plaques are those characterized by ulcerated or ruptured surfaces, subintimal hemorrhage, superimposed partially occluding thrombi, recanalized thrombi, or some combination. Pathologic studies have shown a very high frequency of these lesions at sites of total thrombotic occlusion of coronary arteries. Clinical and angiographic studies have demonstrated a high frequency of such lesions in living patients with both unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction. The presence of complex stenoses has also been found to increase the risk of future myocardial infarction. Plaque morphology thus appears to significantly affect the prognosis of patients with coronary disease and should be carefully evaluated in interpretation of all coronary angiograms.     

36例踝关节骨折合并下胫腓联合分离的治疗体会

0 引言 踝关节骨折是临床上较常见的关节内骨折,包含了腓骨骨折,内踝骨折,后踝骨折和下胫腓联合的损伤. 处理不当可导致踝穴的变形,下胫腓联合分离后期出现创伤性关节炎.