表面置换术治疗中青年股骨头缺血性坏死

目的探讨采用表面置换术治疗中青年股骨头坏死的临床效果。方法对11例（14髋）Ficat分期为Ⅲ期或早Ⅳ期的股骨头坏死患者采用股骨头表面置换术，并对假体的形状进行了改进，其中男7例，女4例，年龄35～49岁。对13例（16髋）Ficat分期为Ⅲ期或早Ⅳ期股骨头坏死患者采用全髋表面置换术，其中男8例，女5例，年龄23～48岁。结果股骨头表面置换术患者术后随访1～5年，髋关节Harris评分从术前平均39分增至91分；X线片示假体无松动移位，近段股骨和髋臼无骨吸收和骨溶解，髋关节间隙除1例轻度狭窄外余均无磨损征象，无1例翻修。全髋表面置换术患者术后随访6个月～3年4个月，Harris评分从术前平均30分增至93分，有1例因技术原因术后半年假体松动而进行翻修，评为失败。结论表面置换术是治疗中青年股骨头缺血性坏死较为理想的一种方法。     

胆管癌与肝炎病毒感染相关性研究

目的:调查胆管癌患者血清中肝炎病毒标志物检出率,探讨胆管癌发生与肝炎病毒感染的相关性.方法:收集天津地区11年间3所医院305例胆管癌的临床资料,统计其中肝炎病毒感染率和肝炎病毒危险因素接触状况,调查住院期间血清肝炎病毒标志物检出情况.调查了同期住院的480例良性胆道疾病患者作为对照.结果:胆管癌和良性胆道疾病患者既往乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染率分别为3%和2.5%;29%的胆管癌病例可以检出HBV的血清标志物,而良性胆道疾病病例HBV血清标志物的检出率为21%,二者有显著差异.丙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的血清标志物检出率在胆管癌为4.3%,在良性胆道疾病为5.6%,二者比较无差别.结论:胆管癌患者中并发HBV感染率较高,HBV感染与胆管癌的发生可能存在一定的关系.由于HCV的检测指标单一,目前尚不能排除胆管癌发生与HCV感染无关.     

C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) in predicting surgical site infection (SSI) following instrumented posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF)

Identification of novel markers would contribute to the individualised risk assessment and development of a risk prediction model. This study aimed to investigate the role of the C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) in predicting surgical site infection (SSI) following instrumented posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) of lumbar degenerative diseases. This study enrolled patients who underwent PLIF and instrumentation for treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases between 2015 and 2020. Electronic medical records were inquired for data collection, with follow-up register for identifying SSI cases. The optimal cut-off for CAR was determined by constructing the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. Patients with high- or low-CAR value were compared using the univariate analyses, and the association between CAR and the risk of SSI was investigated using multivariate logistics regression analysis. A total of 905 patients were enrolled, twenty-nine (3.2%) had developed an SSI with 72.4% occurring during index hospitalisation, and 11 (1.2%) had deep and 18 (2.0%) superficial SSIs. An SSI was associated with additional 10.7 days of index total hospital stay (P = .001). The CAR was 0–5.43 (median, 0.05), and the optimal cut-off was 0.09 and area under the curve was 0.720 (P < .001). 336 (37.1%) patients had a CAR ≥0.09 and 22 (6.5%) developed an SSI, with a crude risk of 5.6 relative to those with a low CAR. The multivariate analyses showed CAR ≥0.09 was associated with 8.06-fold increased risk of SSI, together with diabetes (P = .018), while hypertension was identified as a protective factor (OR, 0.34; 95%CI, 0.11–1.00, P = .049). High CAR is found to significantly predict the incident SSI following instrumented PLIF of lumbar degenerative diseases, and can be considered as a useful index in practice only after it is verified by future high-level evidences.     

硬脊膜动静脉瘘的手术治疗

目的探讨硬脊膜动静脉瘘的手术方法及术后抗凝治疗。方法回顾性分析手术治疗的ＳＤＡＶＦ１９例,其中胸腰段１４例,骶部５例。手术方法包括：１４例胸腰段者于瘘口水平切断引流静脉。其中１１例可见硬膜外小供血动脉闭,同时电凝。骶部ＡＶＦ均于Ｌ５～Ｓ１水平切断引流静脉。９例行术后抗凝治疗。结果１６例术后脊髓功能改善,其中２例短暂好转后加重,经抗凝治疗后恢复。１例无改变,１例因过度抗凝出现术野血肿,１例残留ＡＶＦ。结论切断连接瘘口及冠状静脉丛的引流静脉是治疗ＳＤＡＶＦ的有效方法。术后抗凝可治疗及预防冠状静脉丛内血栓形成     

自噬活性的降低增加人鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞的放射敏感性

目的 研究自噬与人鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞放射敏感性之间的关系。方法 采用慢病毒介导的RNA干扰技术建立稳定沉默自噬相关基因ATG5的人鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞系,实验分为未转染的CNE-2细胞组(对照组)、转染NC-shRNA的CNE-2细胞组(NC组)及转染ATG5-shRNA的CNE-2细胞组(ATG5组),应用CCK-8法、流式细胞术及克隆形成实验检测细胞增殖、凋亡及放射敏感性的变化。结果 CCK-8实验结果显示,与对照组和NC组相比,各剂量点ATG5组的细胞存活率均显著降低(F=3.755、46.086、8.609、44.160,P<0.05),绘制细胞生存曲线可见下调ATG5的表达后可以增加CNE-2细胞的放射敏感性;流式细胞术结果显示,经6 Gy X射线照射后,ATG5组细胞的凋亡率较NC组及对照组明显升高(F=394.876,P<0.05);克隆形成实验结果提示沉默ATG5基因可增加鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞的放射敏感性。结论 降低鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞的自噬活性可以增强其放射敏感性。     

咽旁间隙病变55例的临床诊治分析

目的探讨咽旁间隙病变的临床特征、诊断方法及治疗。方法对我院1994年1月—2013年1月收治的55例咽旁间隙病变患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组病例咽旁间隙感染14例、原发性肿瘤32例(良性24例、恶性8例)、其他部位肿瘤累及咽旁间隙5例、异物4例;46例行手术治疗,7例行单纯放化疗,2例抗感染药物治疗。结论咽旁间隙病变以原发性良性肿瘤多见,其次为感染、恶性肿瘤,异物少见。     

Synergistic effects of α-1,2-fucosyltransferase, DAF, and CD59 in suppression of xenogenic immunological responses

Abstract: Background:  Previous studies showed that α-1,2-fucosyltransferase (HT), decay accelerating factor (DAF), and CD59 have an inhibitory effect on the immunological rejection of xenogenic transplantation.
Methods:  To investigate their possible synergistic effects in suppression of heterogeneic transplantation, we produced transgenic mouse lines expressing human HT, DAF, and/or CD59 by the standard pronuclear injection approach. PCR and Southern blot were used to identify the transgenic founder lines. Flow cytometry confirmed the high-level expression of HT, DAF, or CD59 in the transgenic mice.
Results:  The deposition of IgM, C3c, or C9 in the cardiac vascular endothelial cells of the HT, HT/CD59, and/or DAF multiple positive transgenic mice was markedly decreased. The survival time and function of the hearts of the co-transgenic mice were significantly longer and higher than that of the single HT-positive transgenic mice (P   <   0.05).
Conclusion:  The mice co-expressing HT/DAF or HT/CD59 could resist the hyperacute rejection better than those expressing HT alone. It is feasible to use HT and C-reactive proteins co-transgenic tissues to resist hyperacute rejection and xenograft rejection.     

经尿道前列腺电切术后尿道狭窄的原因及防治

目的探讨经尿道前列腺电切术（transurethral resection of prostate,TURP）术后尿道狭窄的原因及防治方法。方法回顾性分析2002年2月-2008年2月945例TURP中21例（2.2%）尿道狭窄的临床资料。年龄62-84岁,平均72.4岁。尿道狭窄发生时间为术后3周-24个月。前尿道狭窄13例（61.9%）,后尿道狭窄5例（23.8%）,膀胱颈挛缩3例（14.3%）。结果单纯尿道扩张治愈13例（61.9%）,尿道口成形2例（9.5%）,尿道口成形联合尿道扩张2例（9.5%）,经尿道内切开1例（4.8%）,再次行膀胱颈电切3例（14.3%）。随访6-36个月,平均13个月,21例均治愈,无复发。开展手术初期（2002年2月-2005年8月）尿道狭窄发生率3.7%（18/483）,后期发生率0.6%（3/462）（χ^2=10.292,P=0.001）。结论术中操作不熟练,术后留置尿管时间短,是导致此并发症发生的原因。术后定期随访和早期治疗是治愈的关键。     

照顾者参与的谵妄评估工具研究进展

照顾者参与谵妄评估是谵妄评估与管理的重要环节,有助于早期识别谵妄,制定针对性干预措施,以预防或减少患者谵妄并改善预后。照顾者参与的谵妄评估工具包括单条目与多条目谵妄评估工具,分别汇总、分析和比较两类工具的内容、特性、测量学性能和应用,以期为照顾者参与患者谵妄评估工具的完善、本土化及临床实践提供参考。     

Artificial nucleus replacement: surgical and clinical experience

Objective: To assess long‐term clinical results of prosthetic disc nucleus (PDN) replacement for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation. Methods: Seventy‐two patients with lumbar disc herniation were implanted with a single PDN device from March 2002 to December 2003. Fifty‐eight (80.6%) patients attended clinical, functional, and radiographic follow‐up examinations for more than 48 months. Independent analysis was performed by careful review of the interviews, operative reports, preoperative and postoperative radiographs, and computed tomography scans or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results: After implantation, a significant proportion of patients experienced pain relief. Improvements were noted in pain intensity, walking distance, neurological weakness, Oswestry and Prolo scores, intervertebral disc height and lumbar mobility. Intervertebral disc height was not well maintained, compared with the preoperative height it decreased 18% (P < 0.001). Several complications were associated with the implantation of PDN, including transient low‐back pain, implant dislocation, malposition of the implant, damage to the end plates and subsidence of implant. Conclusion: The clinical data show that PDN is preferred and can effectively increase the range of lumbar motion in patients with lumbar disc herniation. However, this study only represents cases in our centre.