Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue,which one induced thyroid dysfunction in patients with morbid obesity

BackgroundThyroid dysfunction in patients with morbid obesity usually resolves after bariatric surgery. However, the role of diverse types of adipose tissue in the process remains unknown.ObjectivesWe aim to investigate the effects of visceral and subcutaneous fat on thyroid function in a Chinese population with morbid obesity who underwent sleeve gastrectomy (SG).SettingUniversity hospital, Shanghai, ChinaMethodsRepeated measurement data of thyroid hormone and body fat were collected at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after sleeve gastrectomy. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer and quantitative computerized tomography (CT) were used to compute visceral fat and subcutaneous fat. Repeated measures correlation (rmmcorr) package was employed for correlation analysis with generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) determining the independent factors.ResultsThyroid stimulating-hormone (TSH) showed notable decrease at 36 months after surgery, coupled with reduction of BMI (38.08 kg/cm² versus 24.28 kg/cm²), C-reactive protein (CRP), visceral adipose tissue (786.74 cm² versus 367.44 cm²), body fat rate, and waistline (118.13 cm versus 100.87 cm). Only visceral fat, diabetes, and CRP proved to be independent variables for TSH decline, without correlation with subcutaneous fat.ConclusionThe present study is first to report the effects of different types of body fat on thyroid function in a Chinese population with morbid obesity, revealing that loss of visceral fat is the key to improving endocrine and metabolic activity after bariatric surgery.     

Can Swimming Microalgal Cells be Vehicles for ZnO Nanoparticle Transportation and Thus Lead to Zn Diffusion?

The concentration of eco-toxic zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) in aquatic ecosystems is increasing, and an effective method for their removal is needed. We hypothesize that microalgal cells may act as nZnO vehicles—if the nZnO concentration does not affect their swimming ability—enabling Zn diffusion and sedimentation. We conducted experiments using flasks connected via a U-type vessel; the first flask contained nZnO suspensions and second flask contained artificial seawater, respectively. We added microalgae to the first flask and illuminated the second. The microalgae appeared to promote sedimentation. However, only a few microalgal cells passed via phototaxis into the second flask, so the detection of nZnO or Zn ions in the second flask was not possible. Therefore, to confirm whether the microalgae affect Zn transportation, a more accurate method to detect nZnO or Zn ions at very low concentrations is needed.

     

中国9个长寿地区65岁及以上人群氧化应激水平与高甘油三酯血症的关联研究

目的探讨我国长寿地区65岁及以上老年人氧化应激水平与高甘油三酯血症的关系。方法研究对象来源于2017-2018年“老年健康生物标志物队列研究”,最终将我国9个长寿地区2393名65岁及以上老年人群纳入研究。通过问卷调查和体格检测,收集调查对象的人口学特征、生活方式及健康状况等信息,同时采集调查对象的静脉血以检测丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及甘油三酯水平。采用限制性立方样条拟合多重线性回归模型分析MDA、SOD与甘油三酯的关联,采用广义线性混合效应模型分析氧化应激与高甘油三酯血症的关联。结果2393例调查对象年龄为(84.6±11.3)岁,最小65岁,最大112岁;男性1145名(47.9%);甘油三酯水平为(1.4±0.8)mmol/L,高甘油三酯血症检出率为9.99%(239名)。限制性立方样条拟合多重线性回归模型分析结果显示,MDA水平与甘油三酯水平呈线性关联;SOD水平与与甘油三酯水平呈非线性关联。广义线性混合效应模型分析结果显示,调整相关混杂因素后,MDA每升高1 nmol/ml,高甘油三酯血症检出风险增加[OR(95%CI)值为1.063(1.046,1.081)];SOD每升高1 U/ml,高甘油三酯血症检出风险降低[OR(95%CI)值分别为0.986(0.983,0.989)]。结论我国9个长寿地区65岁及以上老年人MDA和SOD水平与高甘油三酯血症发生风险有关联。     

中国9个长寿地区65岁及以上人群血铅浓度与认知功能受损的关联研究

目的探讨65岁及以上人群血铅水平与认知功能受损的关联。方法研究对象来自2017-2018年在我国9个长寿地区开展的“老年健康生物标志物队列研究”,最终将1684名血铅和认知功能数据完整的65岁及以上人群纳入本研究。通过问卷调查和体格检测,收集调查对象的人口学特征、生活方式、健康状况及认知功能评分等信息;同时采集调查对象的静脉血以检测血铅水平。根据血铅水平的四分位数将调查对象分为4组(Q₁-Q₄组),采用多因素logistic回归模型分析血铅浓度与认知功能受损的关系,采用限制性三次样条检验血铅浓度与认知受损之间是否存在非线性关联。结果1684名研究对象年龄为(83.1±11.1)岁,其中女性843名(50.1%);认知功能受损者191名(11.3%)。调整相关混杂因素后,老年人血铅浓度每升高10μg/L,认知功能受损患病风险OR(95%CI)值为1.05(1.01~1.10);与血铅浓度Q1组老年人相比,血铅浓度较高者认知功能受损的患病风险较高,Q₂,Q₃,Q₄组的OR(95%CI)值分别为1.19(0.69~2.05)、1.45(0.84~2.51)和1.92(1.13~3.27)。结论我国9个长寿地区65岁及以上老年人血铅水平与认知功能受损患病风险存在关联。     

Osteosarcomatosis

A review of the 690 cases of osteosarcoma in the radiographic file of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology revealed 29 cases of "osteosarcomatosis" (multiple skeletal sites of osteosarcoma). Fifteen of these patients were 18 years old and under and manifested rapidly appearing, usually symmetric, sclerotic metaphyseal lesions. The remaining 14 patients were more than 18 years old and had fewer, asymmetric sclerotic lesions. In most patients (28 of 29), a radiographically dominant skeletal tumor was seen. Pulmonary metastases occurred in the majority of patients and were detected at the same time as the bone lesions. These 29 patients were studied with regard to demographic data and skeletal distribution and radiographic appearance of their lesions. As a result of the findings, a metastatic origin from a primary dominant osteosarcoma is favored over a multifocal origin as the basis for osteosarcomatosis. Osteosarcomatosis is more commonly encountered in the mature skeleton than has been previously recognized.     

The prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in Shanghai, China: impact of age, gender, and education

We report the prevalence rates for dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) obtained from a probability sample survey of 5,055 noninstitutionalized older persons in Shanghai, China. A two-stage procedure was used for case finding and case identification. A Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination was used to determine cases of possible dementia. Three different cutoff points on this mental status test were used depending on the respondent's level of education. Clinical evaluations, based on functional assessments and psychiatric interview, medical and neurological examinations, three standardized mental status tests, and a selected group of psychometric tests, were made in the second stage of the study to ascertain the clinical diagnosis of dementia and AD utilizing the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, edition 3 and National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria, respectively. The prevalence rate of dementia in persons 65 years and older was 4.6%. Clinically diagnosed AD accounted for 65% of the subjects with dementia. These findings indicate that the prevalence of dementia in Shanghai is very much higher than figures published earlier for China and Japan, and at the lower part of the range of values reported for community residents in the United States and other Western countries, but less than half of that reported in the recently published survey of the elderly in East Boston. Increasing age, gender (female), and low education are each highly significant and independent risk factors for dementia. One hypothesis to explain the increased prevalence in elderly women who had received no formal education invokes the possibility of an effect of early deprivation, perhaps lowering brain "reserve," allowing the symptoms of dementia to appear at an earlier date during disease progression.     

中药地榆的性状及显微鉴定

研究国内来源于地榆属8个不同种、变种与变型的地榆及2种混淆品的生药性状、组织构造及其粉末的鉴别特征,并分别列出生药性状、组织构造及粉末特征的检索表。     

Ⅰ型胶原-整合素α2β1系统对成骨细胞生物学特性的调控

为进一步探讨I型胶原及其受体系统是否为成骨细胞功能活动所必需, 使用Ⅰ型胶原和整合素α2β1的一抗阻断Ⅰ型胶原整合素α2β1系统,以细胞计数法比较成骨细胞的增殖能力,流式细胞仪分析成骨细胞的凋亡情况,RTPCR技术研究I型胶原、整合素α2β1 及骨钙素的mRNA表达情况。结果发现阻断I型胶原整合素α2β1系统后,成骨细胞的增殖能力减弱,凋亡率增高,Ⅰ型胶原、整合素α2β1 及骨钙素的mRNA表达减少,其中I型胶原一抗的阻断作用大于整合素α2β1的一抗,这种阻断作用具有可复性,随抗体的去除可部分恢复,表明Ⅰ型胶原整合素α2β1系统为成骨细胞功能活动所必需,构建骨组织工程的支架材料时要考虑到骨组织的基质成份,应为成骨细胞提供相对正常的胞外基质环境。