Influence of perinatal factors on the onset of puberty in boys and girls: implications for interpretation of link with risk of long term diseases.

The authors examined the hypothesis that perinatal factors influence the onset of puberty. Children born as singletons in Uppsala, Sweden, in 1973-1977 were followed for height development before and during their school years (through 16 years of age). In all, 62 children born after preeclampsia, 129 born prematurely, 90 born small for gestational age, 175 born large for gestational age, 49 born short for gestational age, and 38 born tall for gestational age were compared with 688 "normal" children. Differences in age and height at puberty onset and age at menarche were analyzed using the t test and analyses of covariance. For boys, the mean age at puberty onset did not differ between normal boys and those with perinatal factors. Boys born small or short for gestational age were 4 cm shorter than normal boys, and those born large for gestational age were 3 cm taller than normal boys. Among girls, patterns for differences in height were similar. Girls born small for gestational age were 5 months younger than normal girls at the onset of puberty and menarche. Patterns of early childhood growth seemed to explain the relations between these perinatal factors and height and age at puberty. The authors conclude that body size at birth affects stature at puberty; in girls, smallness for gestational age is associated with earlier puberty. Associations between intrauterine exposures and disease risk may be confounded by, or mediated through, effects on adolescence.     

鼻咽癌中与已知基因同源的差异表达cDNA序列

采用新近发展的ｃＤＮＡ代表性差异分析法筛选鼻咽癌中不表达的或表达降低的ｃＤＮＡ序列。结果显示：有９个与已知基因高度同源的ｃＤＮＡ序列。通过对这些已知基因的结构和功能分析,发现有与细胞骨架成分相关的基因：αａｃｔｉｎｉｎ,ｅｚｒｉｎ和细胞角蛋白１３;直接与瘤基因和抑瘤基因相互作用的基因：鲨烯合成酶和ＴＲＩＰ１基因;直接参与ＤＮＡ合成以及调控基因转录和翻译的基因：ＴＡＦⅡ６８和组蛋白Ｈ１０;另外还有人类补体因子Ｂ及类转运ＲＮＡ合成酶的基因。这些基因大多具有相当于抑瘤基因的功能。从而进一步说明鼻咽癌的发生是多基因相互作用的结果。     

Effects of topical epinephrine on aqueous humor dynamics in the cat

The purpose of this study was to investigate, in cats, the effects of topical epinephrine on aqueous humor dynamics as measured by the non-invasive method of fluorophotometry and by other methods. Measurements were carried out on 12 cats before and after one week of twice daily treatment with 2% epinephrine hydrochloride to one eye. Aqueous flow and outflow facility were determined using fluorophotometry. Uveoscleral outflow was calculated from these results and was evaluated with anterior chamber perfusion of FITC-dextran. Outflow facility also was measured by tonography. Epinephrine-treated eyes, compared with their baseline values, showed a 31% reduction in intraocular pressure (P<0.001), a 23% reduction in aqueous flow (P<0.05), a 60% increase in fluorophotometric outflow facility (P<0.05), and a 43% increase in tonographic outflow facility (P<0.05). Treated eyes, compared with contralateral control eyes, showed a 27% reduction in IOP (P<0.005), a 25% reduction in aqueous flow (P<0.005), a 38% increase in fluorophotometric outflow facility (P<0.05), and a 34% increase in tonographic outflow facility. When evaluated by both fluorophotometry and FITC-dextran tracer methods, epinephrine had no significant effect on uveoscleral outflow. It was concluded that, in cats treated with topical epinephrine twice daily for a week, a reduction in intraocular pressure is induced by an increase in outflow facility and decrease in aqueous flow.     

诱发型一氧化氮合酶在人类鼻黏膜上皮细胞中的表达

目的　探讨人类鼻黏膜上皮细胞应答炎性刺激因子白细胞介素 1 β(interleukin 1 β ,IL 1 β)和肿瘤坏死因子 (tumornecrosisfactor α ,TNF α) ,合成诱发型一氧化氮合酶 (induciblenitricoxidesynthase ,iNOS)的能力及其机制 ,以及类固醇药物对上皮细胞的影响。方法　将人类鼻黏膜上皮细胞(包括鼻息肉上皮细胞 ,下鼻甲上皮细胞 )进行无血清原代细胞培养 ,分别加入各种不同浓度的炎性刺激因子 (IL 1 β和TNF α)以及地塞米松 ,采用原位杂交的方法检测不同条件下iNOSmRNA的水平。结果　①不论用IL 1 β或是TNF α刺激 ,iNOSmRNA水平均随浓度的增加 ,时间的延长而增加 ,尤以鼻息肉上皮细胞明显。但当浓度到一定水平后 ,iNOSmRNA水平不再继续升高 ;②用IL 1 β +TNF α共同刺激 ,iNOSmRNA水平要高于单纯用其中的一种 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,同样鼻息肉上皮细胞iNOSmRNA水平要高于下鼻甲上皮细胞 ;③加入地塞米松后 ,被炎性因子诱发的iNOSmRNA升高的水平下降。当地塞米松浓度为 4 0ng/ml以上时 ,iNOSmRNA水平不再继续下降。 结论　①IL 1 β和TNF α上调人类鼻黏膜上皮细胞合成的iNOSmRNA水平 ,鼻息肉上皮细胞更为活跃。它的机制可能是通过核因子 κB途径 ;②地塞米松降低这种上调作用 ,它的机制可能是通过阻断核     

黄连种子胚后熟期间的生理生化变化及激素的影响

黄连种子需要在低温条件下才能解除休眠。本文对黄连种子层积在室外和冰箱两种条件下,种胚后熟过程中的淀粉酶活性及DNA、蛋白质的变化规律作了测定,并对ABA处理后种子的生理生化变化作了研究。     

Synovial sarcoma in childhood: Clinical and radiological findings

Objective: To study the clinical characteristics andradiological features of synovial sarcoma in childhood and its relation to the diagnosis and treatment. Methods: The clinical radiological features of 15 children with synovial sarcoma proved surgically and pathologically were analyzed. Results: In children, the tumor boundaries are poorly defined due to paucity of fat, and metastasis usually occurs early. Eight patients in this series had bone involvement, including: direct erosion by tumor causing cortical destruction, indirect pressure defect with sharp margin and reactive bone sclerosis and bone destruction of the primary intraosseous synovial sarcoma. Conclusion: The tumor is often misdiagnosed, the final confirmed diagnosis must be made by histological examination with imaging findings. It is emphasized that the patients should be treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy preoperatively and postoperatively.     

金属支架联合立体定向适形放疗治疗肝门部胆管癌

目的评价金属支架联合立体定向适形放疗肝门部胆管癌的疗效。方法31例肝门部胆管癌患者行金属支架置入联合立体定向适形放疗,并与23例行单纯支架治疗者进行对比研究。结果联合治疗组生存时间平均为11.1个月;对照组为5.1个月,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论胆道金属支架置入联合立体定向适形放疗是不能手术肝门部胆管癌的一种有效治疗方法。     

胃癌患者外周血中CK19,CK20表达的临床研究

目的:研究胃癌患者外周血CK19、CK20的表达,并探讨其临床意义.方法:用流式细胞术(FCM)方法,检测66例胃癌、7例消化系统良性疾病及21例本院健康职工外周血CK19、CK20的表达.结果:7例消化系统良性患者、21例本院健康职工外周血CK19、CK20无表达.66例胃癌患者CK19、CK20、CK19 CK20阳性表达率分别为53.1%(35/66)、56.1%(37/66)、46.9%(31/66).TNM分期之间比较,Ⅳ期与Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期差异有显著性意义(P＜0.01).Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期之间相互比较,差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).转移程度比较,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.01).胃癌远处转移诊断敏感度高达90%.结论:胃癌患者外周血CK19、CK20可以作为检测胃癌微转移的指标.     

提上睑肌缩短术在治疗中重度先天性上睑下垂中的应用

目的：观察应用提上睑肌缩短术治疗中重度先天性上睑下垂的效果。方法：对39例(56眼)中重度先天性上睑下垂患采用经皮肤-睑结膜入路提上睑肌缩短术。并对术后效果进行随访观察。结果：本组39例(56眼)随访2～18mo，除2眼矫正不足外，余均获得良好效果。上睑缘弧度及双重睑形成良好，术后仅部分病例早期有轻度睑裂闭合不全，无暴露性角膜炎等并发症发生。结论：提上睑肌缩短术可适用于中重度先天性上睑下垂患，在矫正畸形和改善外观方面均能达到良好的效果。     

国际旅行卫生保健信息管理探讨

目的应对我国入世,加强国际旅行卫生保健信息化建设.方法从我国加入WTO角度,信息化管理在国际旅行卫生保健中的基本职能、规范化应用及其管理优势进行探讨.结果加强国际旅行卫生保健信息规范化建设,可获得准确、及时、可靠的信息反馈,为国际旅行卫生保健提供决策依据.结论加强国际旅行卫生保健信息化建设,是建立风险预警快速反应机制的必要.